Giostna, a long poem by Italian poet Polizzi Anno.

Sandro botticelli was the last painter of the Florentine School in the15th century. His original name is Alessandro di Mariano Filippe, and Botticelli is a nickname, meaning "little bucket". I studied gold and silver crafts when I was young, and later became a disciple of painter F. Lippi, and opened my own studio at 1470. He mainly paints religious and mythical themes, and The Birth of Venus is one of his masterpieces. Perhaps influenced by savonarola, he led the movement against Florence's "current abuses" (including painting) during the Renaissance. From 65438 to 0477, Botticelli painted the famous "Spring" for Lorenzo's newly purchased villa with the theme of the poet Politi Ann's long poem praising Venus. 1485, he created another masterpiece, The Birth of Venus. Botticelli also accepted the order of the church to make murals for the church; He also produced a set of excellent pen-and-ink illustrations for The Divine Comedy. 1492, Lorenzo died, medici family was exiled, and the social and political situation was changeable. With the restoration of the nobility, the people were in dire straits. Botticelli's heart was shaken, and his outlook on life and art changed greatly. In the painting Defamation, he expressed his anger and protest. Botticelli became the greatest artist in Florence in that period with his poetic, curvy, unique and incredible genius works. However, due to profligacy, he was poor in his later years and lived on relief. In the last years of his life, he was cold and lonely. 15 10 In May, Botticelli died of poverty and loneliness and was buried in the cemetery of all the saints' churches in Florence.

Venus Descending

Venus, Aphrodite in ancient Greek mythology, is the goddess of love and beauty. According to Greek mythology, when Cronus threw the limbs of his father Uranus into the sea, Venus was born from the foam of the sea. /kloc-In the second half of the 5th century, The Birth of Venus by Florentine painter Botticelli showed the scene when the goddess of love and beauty was born: Venus, a young girl, just stepped out of the water and stepped naked on a lotus leaf-shaped shell; She is slim and fit, slim and plump, graceful and dignified; The fluffy and dense hair is in sharp contrast with the smooth and soft limbs, which sets off the elasticity of muscles and the pleasing carcass; Qi Weiye, the wind god, slowly sent her ashore with a warm breeze; Pink and white roses are falling around her, and Pomona, the god of fruit trees, has already prepared a new red dress for her; The green and calm ocean and the vast blue sky render this beautiful and peaceful atmosphere, and a beautiful and creative life is born! According to Greek mythology, Venus was born an adult. She was born perfect, without a baby's body and without an unattractive process. Obviously, the author shows such a perfect image. However, if we carefully observe Venus' expression, we will find that her dull, dull and slightly confused eyes still reveal pure childishness. This expression, which melts into an adult's body and a child's childish eyes, not only reflects the author's admiration for the classical artistic realm of Greece and Rome, but also his enthusiasm for "neo-Platonism". It is precisely because of this admiration and enthusiasm that his works are not limited to the aesthetics of the senses themselves. In fact, this is a combination of classical aestheticism and Christian asceticism, which was regarded as "heresy" by the Christian church at that time, a combination of Venus and the Virgin Mary, and a unity of spiritual beauty and physical beauty.

spring

This painting is based on a poem by the poet Poliziano. Artists used their own ideas to interpret the images in ancient myths. The plot of the picture unfolds in a beautiful and quiet forest, with the beautiful and dignified Venus at the center. She waited for the arrival of spring with a leisurely and elegant expression. Around her, three goddesses (Aglaea, Zelaya and Fu You Rossini) danced hand in hand. On the left of Venus, Flora, the goddess of spring, is coming to the audience with graceful steps. She was wearing a floral costume, followed by safire, the god of spring breeze, and a Greek girl. This kind of praise for human nature has an extraordinary aesthetic feeling in Botticelli's works. Moreover, Botticelli is unique among Renaissance masters with his elegant style, bright colors and smooth and light lines. But after the Renaissance, westerners failed to make a proper evaluation of him for a long time. It was not until/kloc-romanticism in the 0/9th century and the pre-Raphael movement in England that he was regarded as a master of the early Italian Renaissance. Because he is very good at using thread, he has the same effect as oriental art and won the attention of Chinese and Japanese researchers. There are more characters here than in the last one, and they are also based on the poems of the poet Polizzi Anno. There is also a Venus in the middle, but the image is not more joyful than the last Venus. On the contrary, the three "beautiful" goddesses on the left are vividly depicted: on the edge of the forest, these three goddesses are bathed in sunshine and dancing hand in hand with each other. The symbol on the right is "Gorgeous", the symbol in the middle is "Shu Zhen" and the symbol on the left is "Joy". They will bring joy to life to the world. Botticelli used the medieval decorative style to express the images of these three women. The lines are full of rhythm, and the physical beauty of the characters is reflected through the lines, which is very smooth. On the right side of the painting, there are three images (from left to right) of the god of flowers, the god of spring and the god of wind, symbolizing that the natural season of "Spring returns to the earth and all trees win glory" is coming soon. Lucretius, an ancient Roman philosophical poet, described these three images in his long poem On the Attribute of Things. These poems were widely circulated in Florence during the Renaissance, which may be the source of Botticelli's painting motivation. It's just that Fengshen here is not aristocratic and vivid. To some extent, he looks like a servant of Venus, the Chinese and American god. The only man who occupies a prominent position in the picture is Mercury ("Hermes" in Greek mythology) on the far left. In fact, the angel of the gods is using his walking stick to disperse the dark clouds in winter. He is a believer in the gods and a symbol of spring here. Besides, little love god Cupid is flying blindfolded over Venus, and he is about to shoot a golden arrow at the person on the left. Whoever wins his golden arrow will have crazy love. All this is a portrayal of Botticelli's longing for a better life. He symbolically spread the poet's praise for this painting with rich imagery. The artist's desire for good things always conflicts with his life situation. Botticelli shows many images of gods full of spring joy in his paintings. Although they appear solemn and confident, they always carry a nameless sadness buried in the painter's heart.

The color of the painting is delicate and slightly sad. It is not difficult to understand that this kind of sentimentality is a common problem of aristocratic culture at that time, as written in a poem by Lao Lunzuo Medici: Although youth is happy, it does not last long; Let's sing and dance to our heart's content. Will Mo Wen be lucky tomorrow? -"Ariadne" Botticelli is the son of a fur dealer, ranking seventh. Influenced by his teacher's art in the early days, the picture is full of life fun and has obvious democratic temperament. Since he entered the court of Medici in favor, due to the changeable social and political situation and his unique position, in the sharp struggle between the urban poor and the workers' revolution, Medici was driven away, the religious reformer savonarola was burned to death, the German emperor invaded, the city * * * and the regime collapsed ..., which made him feel afraid and hesitant. The painter's inner melancholy seems to be interwoven in his later painting creation.