Some people analyze this. Interested parties can take a closer look.
Hunger drove me away, and I don't know why. Going to Sri Lanka, knocking at the door is clumsy.
The main harmony is full of meaning, and the legacy is a virtual period (a "virtual period"). Talk about harmony all day and pour a glass.
I take pleasure in new knowledge and advice, and I am reciting poems. I'm sorry I'm not a Korean talent.
You know what to be thankful for? I'll tell you what to do.
Tao Yuanming's poem Begging for Food is very famous, and its title is striking: A great poet is poor enough to beg! Many works use this poem to prove Tao Yuanming's abject poverty. But as long as you read the text of the poem, you can see that things are far from serious. Tao Yuanming just went to a familiar friend's house for dinner. They chatted, drank and wrote poems together, and the day was very enjoyable. Where in the world are such beggars! Who is the "master" mentioned in the poem? Of course it's impossible to find out now. It must be a good man who is financially superior to Tao Yuanming and knows him well. He not only invited Tao Yuanming to drink and eat, but also prepared a gift for him. Tao Yuanming, I'm glad you came.
There are two sentences at the end of the poem: "Why thank you?" ? "Ghost strikes back" means to repay the debt after death, which is too serious ―― I had a meal with my old friend, so why not? It is estimated that Tao Yuanming knew his master too well, so he played such a joke on him at the end of the poem. Su Shi's Poem of Tao Yuanming Begging for Food (the second volume of Dongpo's Inscription) said: "If you get a meal from Tao Yuanming, you want to thank your master with ghosts. This kind of beggar also has a mouth. " This statement is absolutely true, but we must realize that this tone is just a kind of black humor. Therefore, the following words in Su Shi's postscript can't be used to explain the original poem: "Alas, alas, it's not just this thing that makes me sad. Everyone has worries." Hunger and cold are always in front of us, and fame is always behind us. The two don't treat each other, and this gentleman is poor. "This is about Dongpo's topic, pouring his own block with the cup of Yuanming, which is not the exact interpretation of the original poem.
Lu Xun put it well, "How can people who are desperately poor and worried have so much leisure to write books?" ..... Tao Zhengshi, who shouted "Hunger drives me away ...", was already a little drunk. Just like pain, that is, unspeakable pain, the Buddha said that ghosts in hell are extremely bitter, but they didn't scream. "("Gai Hua Ji? Judging from the overall situation of Tao Shi's poems, The Beggar's Mouth and Cheek is a complete joke. The title of the poem is also a joke. The whole poem is very relaxed and full of humor. It is Tao Yuanming's consistent style to laugh at himself humorously in poetry, that is, if he makes a mess of all five sons in the poem "Responsible Son", it is obviously an exaggeration, but he actually expresses kindness and broadmindedness. Huang Tingjian's book After Tao Yuanming Criticized His Poems (Volume 26 of Mr. Huang's Collected Works) said: "Looking at Tao Yuanming's poems, I want to see his brother's kindness and considerable banter. The layman said that the philosophers of Yuan and Ming Dynasties were corrupt, but the sorrow of Yuan and Ming Dynasties was found in poetry, so it can be said that you can't talk about dreams until you are an idiot. " There are many sentences in Tao Yuanming's works that should not be gawked at, otherwise they will "die under the sentence". I am very sorry for this humorous poet.
People who can make a living by eating are certainly not casual acquaintances with themselves. Lu Xun himself had a similar begging experience. On June 28th, 1926, he went out to buy medicine, but he stopped by Liu Bannong. Tired and hot, he went to the nearby home of Mr. Qi Shoushan-
I asked him to treat me to lunch first. So I was invited to eat bread and wine; The host eats noodles by himself. As a result, I ate a plate of bread. Although there is another cream, there are not many dishes left.
Chatting until five o'clock is full.
Outside the living room is a large clearing with many trees. Children often wander under a common fruit tree; C jun said that he was waiting for frequent fruit drop; Because there is a rule: whoever finds it will belong to it. I laughed at the children's patience and willingness to do such unfair things. Strangely, however, when I left, I saw three children with a fruit in their hands. (Gai Hua Ji sequel? Diary at once, look at Lu Xun's diary1June 28, 926: "Buy medicine from Xinchang drugstore. It's not worth visiting Liu Bannong, but Shoushan. " )
Mr. Qi is an old colleague and friend of Lu Xun, and their relationship has always been very close. Mr. Qi provided bread, dishes and wine for the uninvited guest Lu Xun, which was equivalent to begging for food in the poem, in which "the subject and the object were harmonious but different ... and poured another cup"; Two old friends "gossiping until five o'clock" is equivalent to "talking about peace all day" in Tao's poems. The children of the host family can't live without the beggar Lu Xun. Lu Xun wrote this diary for publication. Although there are facts as the basis, it does not rule out that he has a poem begging for food in his heart.
Mr. Okamura, a senior sinologist in Japan, has many fresh views on Tao Yuanming and his works, and sometimes he is critical. He thinks that "in Tao Yuanming's time, a truly upright hermit never seemed to accept alms from others", and Tao Yuanming himself praised Yuan An and Ruan Xiu for their noble and clean refusal of financial aid in Ode to the Poor, "which should be consistent with his own life creed"; Then Mr. Okamura Fan quoted the poem Begging for Food and solemnly pointed out that the thoughts and feelings expressed here were too different. "Tao Yuanming is deeply grateful to the host who gave food and drink, and his attitude is quite different from Yuan An's and Ruanxiu's honesty, which is almost shameless" (the fourth section of the first chapter of New Theory of Tao Yuanming is honest and modest, and the fourth volume of The Complete Works of Okamura Fan is too harsh, which shows that Tao Yuanming's humor is quite out of harmony.
Tao Yuanming always pays attention to principles and backbone, so he doesn't bow down for Wudou Rice, and he won't accept gifts from local parents Tan Daoji:
Du You was sent to the county by the county. When Li Bai saw it, he must sigh: "I can't bend over to the villains in the village for five buckets of rice!" On the same day, the seal was lifted and "one more time" was assigned. (Shen Yue Song Shu? Biography of seclusion)
I worked hard at my own expense, so I got sick. Jiangzhou secretariat Tandaoji is waiting, and it must be the day of Tongzhi. Dao Ji said, "The sage is alive. If there is no way, they will be hidden. If there is a road, they will arrive. This child was born in the civilized world. Why do you suffer? " He said, "I don't dare to look at sages when diving, but I don't have as great ambition as I do." Feed it as a beam of meat. (Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming)
All these show the nobleness of Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming wrote a poem to praise Huang Zilian, a poor man who refused to accept gifts casually in history. "Said the last few words of the poem, Sun Hui sighed, but he was ashamed to give gifts. Who is poor and who is difficult, it is better to repair before "("Ode to the Poor "seven). The specific reasons and background of Huang Zilian's refusal to accept Sun Hui's generous gifts ("being ashamed to give gifts") are unknown due to the lack of historical materials, but one thing is clear: some gifts are not allowed. As for Yuan An and Ruan Gong in Ode to the Poor, they are not directly related to receiving gifts. Yuan An, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was lying stiffly at home, and the door was blocked by heavy snow. Luoyang asked him why he didn't go out to find a way. He replied, "The heavy snow makes everyone hungry, so it is not suitable for fucking people." ("once"? Yuan cited the biography of the sage of Runan), which shows that he still has some memorial activities at ordinary times. Ruan Gong is unknown, but Mr. Okamura thinks it refers to Ruan Xiu who doesn't want to marry a noble family. But can't Tao's poem "Ruan Gong saw money and abandoned his official position that day" be found in the Book of Jin? Ruan Xiuchuan. There is no way to know what money is. To sum up, great men in history refused to accept a gift for a reason; The same is true of things in real life. For example, the beam meat sent by Tan Daoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, is unacceptable, obviously because what he said is too official and Tao Yuanming doesn't like it. But other gifts are acceptable.
There are also hermits who refuse to accept any kindness from others. Jin Shu? Frant Gwo's story in The Biography of the Hermit said: "Once, a knife fell into the water and passers-by took it because of it. Passers-by don't take it. On the other hand:' I don't take it, how can I take it?' Passers-by said,' I will be scolded by the gods of heaven and earth for taking this.' Knowing that it would not be accepted, I sank the knife into the water. Passers-by were disappointed, but they settled down to get it. So I didn't go against my will, but I paid ten times the price. This is also the case, and its cheapness is not good. "Guo just wants to keep his noble, hard to avoid putting each other in an awkward position, which is far beyond human feelings and is not desirable. Tao Yuanming is not such a sentimental person. He is willing to accept the help of his friends and does not put on airs blindly. The most famous gift that Tao Yuanming accepted was probably given to him by Yan Yannian. Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming said: "First, Yan Yanzhi was in Xunyang with Tao Yuanming for his military exploits. After that, Shi 'an County made drinks every day after Xunyang. I get drunk every time I go ... I will leave Yuan Ming 20,000 yuan when I leave. Yuanming will send it to the restaurant later to get the wine. " Twenty thousand dollars is not a small sum, and it can be used to drink a lot of wine. In addition, Tao Yuanming received other gifts, including this one mentioned in the poem Begging for Food.
In Tao Yuanming's view, it is hypocritical to never accept any gifts because you want to keep a comfortable figure. This is Tao Yuanming's homely and easy-going place, which has nothing to do with honesty or not. He also wrote a poem entitled "Work at a Meeting", with a small preface: "The old valley has gone, but the new valley has not been boarded. Quite an old farmer, but it's also worth a disaster. The sun and the moon are still long, and the troubles are endless. It is neither desirable nor desirable to be old. What you have sooner or later, the fireworks will pass. I've been hungry since the tenth day. Years old, cloudless night, and I will be pregnant forever. Don't say it today, what to listen to later! " Poetry cloud:
When you are weak, you will be hungry when you are old. Who dares to be greedy?
If you have nine meals, you will get tired of cold clothes in summer. The years are passing away, how hard and sad.
People who have always been good at porridge are deeply impressed. Why are you stingy? I have no time for myself.
What is your ambition? As poor as a church mouse, I returned home. I am also a husband. I used to be a teacher.
In addition to writing about his hunger and cold, the most noteworthy thing in the poem is to play the original meaning of Confucian classics and tell a story of human physics that he agrees with. There are such words as "porridge maker", "Meng Mei" and "Lai" in the Book of Rites. Sandalwood bowed their heads:
Hunger, eating is the way, and eating is hunger. When the hungry people put on their shoes, trade rushed in. Qian Ao offered food left and drank right, saying, "Come and eat!" " Raise your eyes and look at it: "I don't eat my food, so neither do I." So thank you. Death without food. Ceng Zi listened and said, "If you have a little peace, you can go and eat your gratitude."
Tao Yuanming basically agreed with Ceng Zi's point of view, and slightly modified and developed it. He thinks it is grateful that someone came out to do charity in the famine year. As long as the vulnerable groups can preserve their personal dignity, it is ok to receive assistance, even if they feel a little humiliated, they don't have to mind ("why are you stingy"), because receiving assistance can benefit from it and save their lives; Starving to death without aid is not worth it. This view is easy to understand and close to the modern concept.
Tao Yuanming himself has accepted some gifts and rejected some gifts, all of which have his reasons and principles. Therefore, in the genealogy of Confucianism, Tao Yuanming only worships Confucius, who is the "first teacher", and ignores or has reservations about other sages, and is not afraid to make amendments to his lofty position like Ceng Zi. This can be noticed when studying the thinker Tao Yuanming.
However, Tao Yuanming did not give full play to his new outlook on life, and the poem "Works at the Meeting" soon returned to the traditional Confucian theory of "gentlemen are poor". He Chao said that the second half of this poem is "sincere if you flatter, poor if you abuse" ("Yimen reads the secretary?" Tao Jing Festival Poetry). Most importantly, we can feel from this poem that Tao Yuanming has both his principles and his flexibility in dealing with poverty. In order to survive, he can accept some kind of gift or take the initiative to "beg"-this is a normal attitude towards life. How can he be denounced as "almost shameless"?