1. Understand the content
Understanding the content is the basic requirement of reading poetry, and it is also the premise of appreciation and evaluation.
The common contents of ancient poetry include: homesickness, nostalgia, history and things, nostalgia for the past and hurting the present, parting feelings, hatred in spring and sadness in autumn, and life experiences.
2. Appreciate language, expression skills and artistic conception.
"Appreciation" means "recognition and appreciation". It is to analyze what kind of language, image and expression skills are used to express emotions in poetry, and to evaluate its effect.
To solve the appreciation problems of ancient poetry language, expression skills and artistic conception, we should understand some terms and pay attention to answering skills.
The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural.
Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry. Expression techniques such as allusions, comparison, rendering, communication, comparison, lyricism with things, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and falsehood, euphemism, contrast, allegory, symbol, pun, etc. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition.
When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to discuss poetry on the basis of poetry, not to quote classics or compare works outside the paper, but to appreciate the characteristics of the works themselves. Seek truth from facts, don't act rashly.
Second, poetry interpretation.
Example 1.
Du Fu in Shu
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
The erroneous analysis of Du Fu's poem Shu Xiang is as follows
A. The first couplet question and answer records the location of the ancestral hall and describes the quiet and solemn environment of the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister.
B couplets vividly depict the beautiful spring scenery in the temple and implicitly praise Zhuge Liang's noble character.
C. The Neck Couplet praised Zhuge Liang's heroic strategy, served the country's difficulties, and had deep and tragic feelings.
D couplets show the author's regret for Zhuge Liang's failure to achieve greater success, and lament the grief and indignation of the hero.
Analysis: the answer is B. "Bai Sensen" describes the lush and dense trees, gloomy and silent; "Since Spring" and "Empty Good Voice" are written without appreciation, showing the characteristics of coldness and sadness. The author wrote about Wuhou Temple, which is outside Jinguan City and surrounded by tall and lush cypresses. Although there is a saying that "the green grass reflects the steps" and "the oriole sounds good", it is also a waste of spring scenery, focusing on rendering the desolate ancestral temple today and expressing the lament for the loneliness behind Zhuge Liang.
Example 2.
Li Ning lives in Jia Dao.
Living leisurely here, few neighbors come, and the overgrown path leads to the wilderness.
Birds are freely perched in the trees by the pool, and monks are knocking at the door.
Walking across this bridge, you can see the charming scenery of Ye Yuan, and the feet of clouds seem to be moving on the floating rocks.
I will leave here for a while, but I will come back and retire with my friends on the appointed date.
An inappropriate interpretation of the sentence in this poem is that
A the word "Ti" in "Ti Li Ning's Seclusion" means "writing" and "Seclusion" means seclusion.
B in the sentence "seclusion", "few neighbors merge" means that Li Ning has been accompanied by neighbors since childhood.
C. the word "knock" in the sentence "monk knock" is also called "push", and the word "scrutiny" comes from this.
D in the sentence "quiet period", "quiet period" refers to the agreement of seclusion, and "keeping promise" means not breaking your word.
Analysis: The answer is B. "Living in seclusion with few neighbors, grass enters the wild garden" means that neighbors are rarely close at ordinary times, and courtyards and paths are covered with weeds. This item is understood as "neighbors have been close since childhood" because the word "less" has been misunderstood.
Example 3.
Li Bai of Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc, in Chang 'an.
Autumn insects are singing by the golden well, and the frost is shining on my mat like a small mirror.
High light flashing; My desire is getting deeper and deeper, watching the moon sigh.
Lonely as a flower, rising from the clouds.
There is a clear sky in the world. Below, I see the green and agitation of water.
The sky is high and the land is wide; My sadness flies painfully between them. Can I dream of crossing the mountain gate? .
Sauvignon Blanc destroys the heart and soul.
Comment on the artistic effect of the word "loneliness" in "Blinking High Lights": My desire is getting deeper and deeper.
Analysis: The word "loneliness" clearly describes a dim solitary lamp, which contains the poet's inner loneliness and helplessness. "Unknown solitary lamp" makes people "heartbroken", and "solitary lamp" will always be nameless in the eyes of heartbroken people.
Example 4.
Like a dream, Li Qingzhao
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
An inappropriate analysis of this word is that
On the surface, an "unnecessary" refers to lingering wine, but in fact it refers to endless sadness and boredom.
B The words "green" and "red" in "Green, Fat, Red and Thin" replace leaves and flowers respectively, and "fat" and "thin" describe the luxuriance of leaves and the withering of flowers respectively.
C. this word goes from general narration to question and answer, and then to layer-by-layer expansion and deepening.
D. the author expresses a sentimental feeling of remembering and bidding farewell to spring scenery by expressing his chest directly.
Analysis: the answer is D. This poem first explained the background, saying that it was raining and windy last night, so I couldn't sleep, so I had to drown my sorrows by drinking. When she woke up, it was already dawn. By this time, she had heard the maid preparing to roll the curtains, and the plan for the day had begun, so she hurriedly asked, What about the begonia flower? The maid said, fortunately, the begonia flowers are the same as the original ones. Hearing this, the hostess smiled and said, you know, there are fewer red ones and more green ones. Poetry expresses her sentimental feelings by describing green, fat, red and thin begonia, which comes from her nostalgia and farewell to spring. When poetry expresses this emotion, it is not directly expressed, but euphemistically revealed through euphemistic questions and answers. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that this poem "uses the method of expressing one's mind directly".
Example 5.
Chrysanthemum yuanzhen
In autumn, the bushes, like Taoist priests, are more and more inclined around the fence.
It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless.
The inaccurate analysis of this poem is that
A. The first sentence says that the cluster of autumn chrysanthemums surrounds the house, as if it were Tao Yuanming's home.
B. The second sentence shows the poet's infatuation and lingering about enjoying chrysanthemums.
C. Three or four sentences changed from description to discussion, highlighting the noble temperament of chrysanthemum.
D. The language of the whole poem is plain, but meaningful and full of artistic appeal.
The answer is C. The last two sentences of the poem once again tell readers why they prefer chrysanthemums, because after chrysanthemums bloom, there will be no other flowers in a year. What the poet appreciates is the courage of chrysanthemum to fight the autumn frost alone in the cold wind, which is not unrelated to his own experience, and this idea is completely different from the reason why Tao Yuanming "loves chrysanthemum alone".
Example 6.
Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Yi Xi Wei Zhuang
In the past, I visited Wuling, and midnight songs filled the building with autumn moon.
In front of the tree, there is a light on the tree, such as day, and you can't forget the spring and autumn in the beauty group.
The young man sitting in the seat is called Wuji, and the beautiful girl is called Mochow.
Today, the encounter with troubled times has become a dream, and the sun is setting, watching the river flow.
[attention]
[1] Childe of Xiyuan: During the Cao Wei period, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi lived in Xiyuan when they were grandchildren, where they hosted a banquet for the scribes.
[2] Mowgli: The name of Xin was the son of Wei in the Warring States Period.
[3] Mochow: According to legend, it is the name of a girl who sings well in the south. The Yuefu poem Mochou Le says, "Where is Mochou? Mochou Shicheng West. " Shicheng is now Nanjing.
(1) This poem skillfully uses allusions and puns. Take the neck couplet (five or six sentences) as an example, and briefly analyze one of the techniques.
(2) What is the way to express the author's feelings in the sentence "Sunset only looks at the water flowing eastward"?
Analysis:
(1) Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works.
The poet's allegory of the luxurious and dissolute life of Wang Sun in the late Tang Dynasty was entrusted to Cao Pi and Xin, commendable romantics in history. This is an allusion; The poet satirizes the flashy woman who doesn't understand the difficulty of state affairs with the name of the legendary girl who is good at singing, which deeply embodies the pain of "singing backyard flowers across the river" and is also an allusion.
The poet does not take "unbridled" as his proper name, but takes its meaning of "unbridled" and "unbridled", which is a pun; The poet's use of the name "Mochow" to express his sadness is also a pun, intended to be ironic.
(2) The sentence "The sunset only sees the water flowing eastward" expresses the sorrow that the decline of the Tang Dynasty is inevitable and will soon perish. From the author's personal point of view, it expresses the pain of vicissitudes.
Example 7.
Read the following two Tang poems and answer the following questions.
Danyang sent Wei to join the army.
Wei Yan
On the outer edge of Danjiangkou, I won't go out to sea today, but I know the sadness of the two places.
I'm still standing on the south side of the Yangtze River, looking at Jiangbei. The crows have returned to their nests to see the flowing water.
Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Lipper
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
(1) The incorrect interpretation of two poems is
A. Both poems are farewell, and the farewell places are on the banks of the Yangtze River.
B. Wei Yan's friend crossed the river from south to north, and Li Bai's friend went downstream.
C. Yan uses the word "autumn" mainly to explain the season of farewell.
Shi Li used "Fireworks March" to point out that farewell is in the spring of Ruyan Liu.
There are poets in Yan's poems, but there are no poets in Li's.
A: ()
(2) Briefly analyze the artistic conception of Wei Yan's three or four sentences. (About 60 words)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Analysis:
(1) The answers are C and E, "I don't know autumn in either place", and "autumn" is a pun, mainly about mood. The analysis of the word "autumn" in item C is mainly to show that it is wrong to say goodbye to the season. The subject of "only seeing the Yangtze River in the sky" is a poet, and it cannot be said that "the poet's image is not seen in the poem", so item E is also wrong.
(2) Artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the author's rich imagination and the integration of thoughts and feelings with the life picture of his works. The analysis of artistic conception can not be separated from people, scenery and emotion. The artistic conception of Wei Yan's three or four sentences can be described as follows: the poet watched his friend's residence alone by the river and didn't leave until very late. In the cold autumn night, crows have returned to their nests, but yujiang county county is full of water. Expressed infinite thoughts.