During the Ming and Qing wars, North Korea changed its neutrality, leaving the Qing Dynasty with no worries.
When Huang Taiji fought against North Korea, Yuan Chonghuan stepped up the construction of fortifications in Jinzhou, Center Left and Daling River, sent navy to support Mao of Pidao, and sent nine generals, including Zhu Mei, to invade Sanchahe to contain the Qing army and unite with North Korea. However, North Korea soon signed an alliance with the Qing Dynasty at the gate, and Zhao Lvjiao and others led the troops back without contact with the Qing army.
Huang Taiji failed to reach a peace agreement with the Ming Dynasty, but he saw that Yuan Chonghuan was very active in building castles. The longer we wait, the more difficult it will be to attack in the future, so he decided to "make peace with war" and attack Ningyuan.
In May of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Huang Taiji personally led two yellow flags and two white flags to attack the castle in western Liaoning, captured two fortresses, Daling River and Xiaoling River, and then attacked Jinzhou, a fortress outside Ningyuan.
On May 1 1, Huang Taiji led an army to attack Jinzhou and surrounded it. At this time, Zhao Lvjiao was guarding Jinzhou. He and the eunuch of the prison guard the city and sent someone to make peace with Huang taiji. This is naturally a plan waiting for reinforcements. Huang taiji misses, and the more urgent the siege is.
Yuan Chonghuan sent Zu Dashou and You Shilu with 4,000 chosen men to outflank the Qing army, and sent a navy to attack the East Road, with a diversion. It is hot at this time, and there is no ice on the sea, which the navy needs.
Zhao Lvjiao is from Shaanxi, and this person's character is very low. When Nurhachi attacked Liaoyang, Zhao Lvjiao was Zhong Jun (chief of staff) of Yuan Yingtai. Yuan Yingtai was a civilian who didn't understand military affairs, but Zhao Lvjiao didn't do his duty as chief of staff, and the campaign was in a mess. The Qing army attacked Liaoyang, Yuan Yingtai died, but Zhao Lvjiao sneaked away. I don't know how to be lucky.
No, I must have bribed Shangguan. Later, Wang Huazhen suffered a crushing defeat, and all the cities outside the customs became uninhabited. Zhao Lvjiao applied to redeem oneself by good service, and led the servant to pick up the former Tunwei. But when I arrived, I found that I had been occupied by Mongols, so I didn't dare to enter again. Nurhachi attacked Ningyuan, and Zhao Lvjiao was in the front. The distance was close, so he didn't save himself. Later, Ning Yuan won, but he wanted to share the work, so that he was scolded by Mangui.
It caused a big storm.
When he clashed with the Manchu, Yuan Chonghuan was quite supportive of him. Zhao Lvjiao thanked him for his kindness, and Yuan Chonghuan always encouraged him with loyalty. By the time of the Jinzhou War, he suddenly seemed to be a different person. He fought bravely with Zuo Fu, the forward company commander, Zhu Mei, the deputy company commander and other soldiers, and died. He won three battles with the elite soldiers of Huang Taiji's subordinates, and won 25 of the three wars. From May 1 1 to June 4th and 2nd.
For fourteen days, there was no war every day, and the situation was as tragic as Ningyuan War. On the fourth day of June, Huang Taiji sent more troops and stormed. Western cannons, cannons, incendiary bombs and arrows were placed in Jinzhou city, and the Qing soldiers were seriously injured. When the attack arrived at dawn, Huang Taiji saw that he couldn't support it any longer, so he had to retreat and camp by the Xiaoling River, waiting for the various military forces to concentrate on reorganization.
Zhao Lvjiao changed from cowardice to bravery, and fled after seeing the enemy defend the city. On the 24th, he turned from retreat to fierce fighting. Later, he was killed in a bloody battle in the battle to protect Beijing, and finally became the two great generals at that time, just like Man Gui. This major change of his is a very outstanding proof of Yuan Chonghuan's leadership.
Huang taiji packed his troops and turned to Ningyuan.
The last time the Qing army was defeated in Ningyuan, the soldiers were afraid of Yuan Chonghuan. When Daishan saw that the city was well prepared, he stopped fighting. Huang taiji said to the generals, "I can't attack Ningyuan first, but I can't attack Jinzhou this time." If I can't attack Ningyuan again, I will be ruined. " So he ordered a general attack, defeated the Ming cavalry at the city gate and thinned the city wall.
Compared with Ningyuan World War I, Yuan Chonghuan's fighting capacity has been enhanced, and he dares to fight outside the city. Last time I let the Qing army retreat, I sent 50 death squads to pick up arrows at the city gate, which shows that I dare not open the city gate.
Man Gui led the Ming army to deploy in the south of the city, and fired at the hem of the city wall. Huang taiji pretended to be defeated, wanted to lead the Ming army to attack, and then ambushed. However, the Ming army did not fall for it, nor did it pursue it. Huang taiji then returned to the army to fight again.
Yuan Chonghuan kissed ChengTou cried. Manchu fought outside the city. Zu Dashou and You Shilu attacked the rear road of the Qing army. Both sides suffered heavy casualties, and Mangui was shot several times. The Ming army finally defeated the Qing army on the battlefield, so it retreated into the city to take refuge. The war was fierce, and the moat was filled with the bodies of soldiers from both sides.
The defenders also bombarded with Portuguese guns, smashed a large camp of the Qing army and the Bailong Banner of Huang Taiji, killing many Qing soldiers. According to the report of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji's eldest son summoned Baylor and male prostitute, who were shot in the chest, and his other son Gou Baylor was shot by the Ming army in the battle. There were four people in Gushan (7,500 people) and more than 30 people in Lu Niu (300 people). This report is exaggerated. In fact, there is no son of Huang Taiji.
Died in the battle. However, the records of the Qing side also said that Gil Harlan Baylor, Sahalian Baylor, General Wakda and Agger were all injured.
Seeing that the troops suffered heavy losses, Huang Taiji had to retreat and attack the south of Jinzhou again, but he could not pull it out. There were many casualties, and the generals Jue Duobai Mountain and Bashi were killed. In July, the Qing army was defeated and returned to Shenyang.
This battle was called "Ningjin Victory" in the Ming Dynasty, and it was the second bloody victory of the Ming army against the Qing army.
Yuan Chonghuan claimed in his paper that the most important contribution was Mangui (1). He and Man Gui have always had conflicts of opinion, but in the memorial, he argued that Ning Yuan's victory was mostly due to Man Gui's contribution, which showed that he was aboveboard and selfless.
Ningyuan's first victory was in the first month of the sixth year of the Apocalypse, and Ningjin's second victory was in May of the seventh year, one year and four months apart. In this short 16 months, Yuan Chonghuan strengthened the fighting capacity of the Ming army, robbed the fortifications of Jinzhou, and stuck to the rear road of the Qing army, which made Huang Taiji have trouble back at home and dared not attack Ningyuan for a long time. At the same time, the Qing army attacked Jinzhou first and then Ningyuan, and the momentum has been frustrated. Visible Yuan Chong
Great achievements have been made in the preparation of this 16 month. If there were more peacetime, the situation would certainly improve.
One of the main military factors leading to the great victory in this campaign was the red cannon in Portugal. Catholic missionaries who had expelled the Portuguese in the Ming Dynasty. Missionaries Bohr and Mikel saw the opportunity of making war in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and mobilized the Portuguese in Macao to provide military expenses and gunners for the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty recalled the expelled priests. Originally secret missionaries became the public, and a large number of Portuguese
Grape priests and gunmen enter China (2). Later, China made his own gun under the guidance of foreign priests and technicians. Casting guns is also called "General Anguo, the whole army fought against Liao," and sent an official sacrifice gun to invite the general to break the enemy. It was not until several years later that the Jin people began to cast cannons with the help of the surrendered Ming people.
Yuan Chonghuan belongs to the hostile faction of Wei Zhongxian politically. Han Pi, his Jinshi examiner, and Hou Yao, his adviser, are both party giants. Yuan Chonghuan, of course, refused to deduct wages to honor Wei Zhongxian. But for the sake of the big goal is to defend Jinzhou and Ningyuan, he is also quite compromised. The provincial governors are Wei Zhongxian Jiansheng Hall. Yuan Chonghuan didn't agree, immediately dismissed, defend the country.
Ambition can't be stretched, so we have to build a shrine for Wei Zhongxian in Jiliao at that time.
But Wei Zhongxian is still not satisfied. So, despite Ningjin's victory, Yuan Chonghuan got nothing but a promotion. There are hundreds of officials who flatter Wei Zhongxian, but they are all promoted because of their success. The reason is that they are actively planning in the DPRK, and even a baby in Wei Zhongxian is still in its infancy, so it was sealed. Wei Zhongxian was a eunuch and had no son, so he had to seal his nephew and his son.
At this time, Wei Zhongxian even called a famous minister to call Yuan Chonghuan, saying that he was "demoralized" if he didn't save Jinzhou. Under such pressure, Yuan Chonghuan had to claim to be ill and ask for resignation. Wei Zhongxian immediately approved, sent ministry of war ministers Wang Zhichen to take over.
Huang Taiji was ecstatic when he heard the news, but he was surprised for a long time when he heard that the charges and comments given to Yuan Chonghuan turned out to be "old-fashioned". People like Yuan Chonghuan are "dead", but they don't know who is "energetic".
When Yuan Chonghuan left Ningyuan, his heart was filled with emotion. At that time, he was only about forty years old, in the prime of life, and it was time to show his ambition.
Instead, he was forced to retire after making great contributions. His subordinates were surprised and resentful. He wrote a poem to a certain department, which said, "We are common enemies, we have made great contributions to each other, and the emperor is also very kind." . But my painstaking efforts are only known to future generations. It's good to make contributions, but it's also good to go home to recuperate. We don't have to feel unfair about my staying or not. This poem shows that
Very dignified. However, he was very grateful to the Apocalypse Emperor. He was originally a seven-product magistrate. From the second year of the Apocalypse to the summer of seven years, in a short period of five and a half years, it was promoted almost every year, and even advanced placement in the middle, and went straight to "the governor of Liaodong, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and the right consultant of Douchayuan", which was really an apprentice. He consciously promoted too quickly and once declined politely. He said that during the same period,
The person with the highest official position is also several grades lower than him. In order to set an example for his subordinate generals, please ask the emperor to withdraw his promotion. The emperor replied: you have been humble for three times in a row, and your moral character is very good, but you have made great contributions, and your promotion is deserved.
On his way back to his hometown in Guangdong, he wrote a poem when he passed Dayuling to express his gratitude to the Apocalypse. He knew in his heart that the apocalypse was a bad king, but he was very kind to himself.
He went to Guangzhou, visited Guangxiao Temple and set foot on the Buddhist land. He couldn't help thinking that he had killed a lot in his life, which was out of harmony with the environment. However, that's just a feeling of disharmony. Heroes have no regrets, but they don't have to bow to the bodhisattva, and they have no regrets when they kill the people who should be killed.
(1) Yuan Chonghuan said in his paper: "In the past ten years, all soldiers in the world have not dared to confront slave horses. Just last year, I launched an attack from above the city. From now on, one knife and one shot, come down and fight hard, regardless of the brutality of the barbarians. I shouted again and made a detour to chase. The armies were filled with indignation and vowed to defeat the thief, which was mostly the work of the generals. "
(2) Martin's "Battle of Tatar" praised the contribution of Portuguese missionary work, saying: "God will bless emperors who believe in Christianity, so Emperor China won the Battle of Tatar." In fact, the Apocalypse Emperor believed in Lu Ban and did not believe in the Christian God.
According to Feng's translation and Sha Bulie's Biography of Jesuits in the Vatican in the Late Ming Dynasty, in the third year of Chongzhen, the Portuguese captain of Macao led 400 soldiers and 10 cannons to enter the customs. Afraid of losing the benefits of monopolizing Sino-Western trade, Guangzhou giants were generous to courtiers and obstructed them in every way. After Gongsha, the commander of the Portuguese army, Silao, was killed in Denglai. A brief introduction to the novel Sword with Royal Blood.
(3) Yuan Chonghuan's Farewell to General Chen Yinan's Zheng Rong: "Generosity hates Japan. Being in a hundred battles, you will have wisdom in your work, and you will have concerns in your family, but you will only feel after knowing it. Elk will return to the mountain, unicorn will draw a pavilion. It's not surprising to stay or not, autumn grass is leaving. " Among them, the phrase "good workers are the main concern" inevitably contains bitter meaning. Apocalypse is by no means the master of wise SHEN WOO. It is well known in the world that he is so successful. As a result, he got such "as soon as possible" and such "clarity"
Lord, it's really clear.
(4) Yuan Chonghuan's "Xie Shengyin Shu" said: "Besides, military men strive for the first place, and if they stand less, they will want to move thicker. If they don't want to, they will think about it, lest they provoke the court and provoke the same kind. Today, the frontier has never been used by one person. I am the most ill. I'm not at peace today. How can I eliminate the competition between generals? I don't have a rich heart, and the emperor also learns from it. " The imperial court replied to this memorial: "Feng"
Imperial edict: Yuan Chonghuan saves the market, and it is not an exaggeration to reward it; It's a three-sparse word control, and the more you let it go, the more you let it go. Still trying to obey orders. The Ministry of magic knows. "
⑤ Yuan Chonghuan's Gui Yu Ling: "After ten years of hard work, my heart gradually turned against me. Endure to say or mountain? It is hard to say that it is wrong. The Lord favors heaven and earth, and I meet ancient and modern times. After a few volumes are printed, it is like returning to the old times. "
⑥ Yuan Chonghuan's "Hui Hu Lin Si Kou": "For more than forty years, only trees have separated from the world of mortals. Now, I have set foot on the king's land, and I have learned to kill people in the past.