People say that Li Bai should be killed, but I think we should cherish his talent.
[Published] Du Fu's "No See"
It's sad not to go to Li See to save wine and pretend to be crazy.
The whole world wants to kill people, and I only care about talent.
A thousand clever poems and a glass of wine.
Kuangshan reading office, it's good to be back white.
Precautions:
Li Sheng: Li Bai. Du Fu and Li Bai Tianbao broke up in Yanzhou, Shandong Province for four years (745) and failed to meet each other for sixteen years.
Play the fool. Li Bai often pretends to indulge in wine to express his dissatisfaction with the dirty world.
Everyone wants to kill people: it means that Li Bai was sentenced to Wang Yong shogunate Li Lin, who was imprisoned in Xunyang and soon exiled to Yelang. Some people think that he committed treason and should be put to death. ? Compassionate talents: Love talents.
Thousands of agile poems: Li Bai is witty and writes quickly.
Drifting a glass of wine: refers to Li Bai's wandering all his life, and he can only drown his sorrows by drinking.
Kuangshan: refers to Dakuangshan in Zhangming County (now Jiangyou County), Sichuan Province, where Li Bai studied in his early years.
Li Bai: Li Bai is sixty-one years old now. Du Fu is in Chengdu at this time, Li is back in Kuangshan, long-lost friends meet again, and Yun is back.
Translation:
I haven't seen Li Bai for years. His pretentious, drunken life is really sad. The whole world thinks his crime is unforgivable, but I pity his outstanding talent. Although he is quick-witted and has written so many poems, he has been wandering all his life and can only drown his sorrows by drinking. Kuangshan is the place where you studied as a teenager. Now your temples have turned gray, so come back.
Appreciate:
This poem was written in the early days of living in Chengdu. Perhaps Du Fu learned that Li Bai was released on his way to exile Yelang, so he felt something. Poetry expresses deep affection for close friends in simple language.
The first sentence, abrupt and steep, seems to have suddenly generated feelings accumulated in the heart. The word "not seen" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, which expresses the strong feeling of missing the dialogue, while the word "long" is placed at the end of the sentence, emphasizing the long time of missing. Du Fu and Li Bai broke up in Yanzhou in the fourth year of Tianbao (745), and they haven't seen each other for fifteen years.
Immediately after the second sentence, the poet showed pity and sympathy for Li Bai, because Li Bai was so incompetent that he let himself go. In ancient times, some people who were dissatisfied with reality often pretended to be crazy and sold silly, just like Jieyu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Li Bai prides himself on "I am a madman in the state of Chu" (Lu Shan Ge Yu Shi Lu Xuzhou), often reciting poems, drinking and laughing, and expressing his "grief and indignation" wildly. It is a great tragedy for a person with lofty aspirations to pretend to be crazy and sell stupidity. Although "playing the fool" can deceive the world, Du Fu deeply understands and sympathizes with Li Bai's difficulties. The word "truth" modifies "sadness" and vividly conveys the poet's infinite regret and sympathy.
This feeling has been further demonstrated in couplets. These two sentences use an "objection", which has a strong comparative artistic effect. "The world" refers to the people in the ruling group. Li Bai was implicated in the Lin case, and these people clamored to put Li Bai, a traitor, to death. Here, "everyone wants to kill people" and "only cherish talents" highlight the opposition between Du Fu and "the world". "Compassion" comes from "sadness". "Compassion" not only refers to literary talent, but also includes sympathy for Li Bai's political injustice. Du Fu also wrote a poem "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes", comparing Su Wu and Huang Gong to Li Bai, thinking that he was not a traitor, and using Jia Yi and Confucius' canon to write the tragedy that his political ambition could not be realized. This kind of tragedy also exists in Du Fu, because saving the house was expelled from the court. Is it unfair to the "world"? "Compassion for talent" is also pity for oneself. The experience of * * * has brought the hearts of two close friends closer together, which is the root cause of Du Fu's deep regret.
These two poems are wonderful summaries of Li Bai's life and outline the image of a romantic poet who is full of poetry and wine. Du Fu imagined that Li Bai was accompanied by wine in his wandering, and wine might be able to stop him and comfort his sorrow. This couplet is still intended to write about Li Bai's misfortune, further expressing the lingering feelings of missing his best friend.
The deep nostalgia finally turned into an eager call: "It's good to read Kuangshan and come back with a white head." Poetry inherits "falling", and Du Fu is worried about Li Bai's fate, hoping that he will leave his leaves and return to his hometown. This voice expresses his deep affection for his old friend. "Kuangshan" refers to Dakuangshan in Mianzhou (now northern Sichuan), where Li Bai studied when he was young. Du Fu lived in Chengdu at this time, and it was reasonable to hope that Li Bai would return to Shu. As far as composition is concerned, the poem laments "not seeing" at the beginning and longs to meet each other at the end, echoing from beginning to end, and the whole poem is seamless.
The greatest artistic feature of this poem is to express one's mind directly, without false embellishment. Rhymes are often lyrical with scenery or combined with scenes. Hu Yinglin said: "Writing poems is only the two ends of the scene. Such as the five-character rhythm, starting from the front and ending from the back, four sentences in the middle, two sentences of scenery and two sentences of love, this is also a general law. " ("Poetry Talk") Du Fu often breaks this traditional way of writing, saying that "the whole article is not limited to the scenery, but it is majestic and profound, and every sentence is natural" (ibid.). This poem is written in the way of pouring out the heart, without modifying the scenery, with deep feelings and great artistic appeal. Using this writing method, it is bound to absorb the components of spoken language and prose into the poem. First, it is to peel off the flowers and algae, and the language is simple and natural. For example, the language of this poem seems ordinary, but it writes a sincere heart for friends; Secondly, through the prose culture, the elaborate dharma body becomes flexible and colorful, which is convenient for expressing feelings. For example, this poem uses function words to make poetry, making duality irrelevant. This kind of metrical poem has changed the traditional old tune of "young marriage" and "sedate" and enhanced the expressive force of metrical poem.
This is Du Fu's last poem in memory of Li Bai today, with the caption: "No news of Li Bai". Poetry was honored as the second year of Shang Yuan (76 1), and Du Fu was in Chengdu. The poem expresses sympathy, worry and yearning for Li Bai, expecting Li Bai to end his wandering life and return to Sichuan. But the following year, Li Bai died in dangtu county, Anhui. In poetry, Li Bai's arrogance, quick thinking, wandering around the world and drinking and having fun can all show his characteristics. In the poem "To Li Bai" written by Du Fu and Li Bai during their four-year tour of Qilu in Tianbao, there are words of "binge drinking" and "bossiness". Also, "Send Li Twelve Whites and Twenty Rhymes", "In previous years, there were fanatics named immortals, and the pen fell and shocked the wind and rain, and the poem became sad." "I only care about talents", which shows Du Fu's preference and familiarity with Li Bai. "Reading Du Xin Jie" says: "The words' invisible' and' able to mourn' are the bones of eight sentences." Only five or six times, Li said, and the rest wrote down their grief, pens and pens flying in the air. A bosom friend is hard to find, and it lasts forever. Therefore, Han Wengong said in "I don't know Fu": "Only a confidant is rare, and one hundred is also." Just for white, you must be a confidant, mourn their sufferings, pity their talents, and take poetry as the shape. This is one of them. Forty sentences have no decoration, no ceremony, just plain. As it flows from the heart, it will become a good poem. That is, the so-called feelings, poetry is also profound. "A thousand clever poems, a cup of fragrant wine" is a vivid portrayal of Taibai, and his talents and experiences are all in this couplet. If Taibai can read this poem, it will be enough to comfort his life.
Attachment: The friendship between Li and Du is a much-told story in the history of poetry. Du Fu gave Li Bai ten poems today: two before and after Li Bai, one in seclusion with Li Xun, one in winter, one in spring, two in dreams, one at the end of the day, one in twenty rhymes and one in thoughts. In addition, there are five songs that directly quote Li Bai: Farewell to my father to thank him for his illness, Gift to Li Bai in the East of the River, Eight Immortals in Drinking, Drunk Song by Su Duanyan and Jane, A Visit to the Past and Farewell. Li Bai presented Du Fu with four poems, namely, Du Fu in Shimen, Dongjun, Yu Yu in Yao Ci Pavilion, Dunmenmen, and Du Fu in the play.
"The ancients didn't see this month, and this month they took photos of the ancients." The ancients didn't see the present moon, but the present moon once shone on the ancients. Sigh that life is short, the sun and the moon are eternal, the times change and the months remain unchanged. The moon witnessed history with her vicissitudes, and the poet experienced the moon with his passion, put his mind on it and saw the ancients from her.