Sanguan was established in the Western Han Dynasty (the name of Sanguan began in the Qin Dynasty at the latest) and abandoned in the late Ming Dynasty. At present, there is a "Qinling" stone tablet on the site. In the east of Sanguanling Ancient Sanguanmen Site, there is a stone tablet of "Ancient Sanguanmen Site".
The Big Three Pass is the only fortress in the southwest of Guanzhong. Bashu and Hanzhong have been the throats of Guanzhong since ancient times, and their strategic position is very important. As "Historical Records" said: "The north can't help but beam, and the south can't help but close", so it has become a place valued and contested by military strategists in past dynasties. There have been more than 70 enfeoffment campaigns in history. In 206 BC, Hanwang Liu Bang adopted Han Xin's statement: "Build a plank road in the Ming Dynasty, and sneak in.". Since Hanzhong, Chencang has returned to Sanqin by the old road and must pass through this pass; In the second year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 26), Yan Cen led his troops into Sanguan to Chencang; In the 20th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 15), Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty attacked Zhang Lu and entered the customs from Chencang. In the sixth year of Jianxing (A.D. 228), after Shu Han ascended the throne, Zhuge Liang left the customs and surrounded Chencang. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Wushu and Yan Wu, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, met here many times in order to get through the passage into Shu. The occurrence of these wars shows the military importance of the three levels.
Because of its important strategic position, the Big Three Pass has been one of the four gateways in Guanzhong since ancient times (Hangu Pass in the east, Wuguan Pass in the south, Big Three Pass in the west and Xiaoguan Pass in the north). Not only that, because of its special geographical location, it is also a literati, powerful and ordinary people from ancient times to the present; A place visited by ordinary people. It is said that "Laozi's westward journey made Yin go to visit three places" and received a volume of Tao Te Ching; Cao Cao passed the pass and left the poem "The Pass in the Morning". In the Tang Dynasty, there were Wang Bo, Wang Wei, Cen Can, Du Fu and Li Shangyin. Especially in the Song Dynasty, Lu You and Su Dongpo wrote the most poems about the Big Three Pass and had the greatest influence. Standing on the site, you can see mountains and ancient trees. The peaks on both sides are like lying cows, like galloping horses, and like impenetrable natural barriers. Under the big scattered ridge, the Qingjiang River rushes. The natural scenery here is particularly beautiful.
The gate of the Big Three Pass is an ancient architectural style. The mountain gate tablet was made by Zhao Zukang in 25 years of the Republic of China. The mountain gate couplet is engraved with the poem of Lu You, a poet of the Song Dynasty, "Snow flies in the boat at night, and the iron horse scatters the autumn wind."
Entering the mountain gate, there is an ancient hall in front. This is the newly-built Luyou Ancestral Temple.
Lu You was a native of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, China was a famous Ren Tao. Wu Gong 1 169, Wang Yan, the main anti-gold commander, was appointed as the ambassador of Fu Xuan, Sichuan, to lead the anti-gold war between Sichuan and Shaanxi. He appointed Lu, a 46-year-old patriotic poet, to praise the military. Lu You, dressed in military uniform, personally went to the front of the Big Three Pass, guarded the Pass with a sword, and leaped to kill the enemy. And wrote a lot of poems about loyalty and protecting the country in Sanguan.
In the center of the temple is the colossus of Lu You, which is 3 meters high. Lu You, holding a manuscript in his hand, holding his head high and staring at the distance, has a majestic spirit, showing the extraordinary temperament of a generation of all-round poets. Behind the statue, the four characters of "eternal love" inscribed by Mr. Shu Tong are hung high. There are murals of Lu You's life painted on the walls on both sides, which are detailed and vivid. On the back wall, there is also a poem written by Lu You in his junior year. The whole Luyou ancestral temple is neat and solemn, dignified and generous.
On the east side of the courtyard, a huge stone is engraved with the three characters "Drinking Horse Spring". According to legend, the spring water dug by the horseshoe has not dried up since the Red Rabbit of Guan Yunchang went through the customs in the Three Kingdoms period.
A 99-grade Shangguan mountain road, like a ladder, bypasses Luyou ancestral temple and goes straight to Guanling. No wonder Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Da San Guan": "It takes tens of thousands of turns to rest for three miles." On the GUANLING, wisteria twines along the roadside, and oak trees are shaded. Climbing up the Panshan Mountain, you can see that there were military trenches on the edge of Guanling Cliff during the Liberation War.
There is a blue brick beacon tower at the southern end of Guanling. This is the facility for reporting the enemy's situation in those days. It is observed that there are several beacon towers from Yimen town to Qinling beam. After vicissitudes of life, nothing was left, only the ancient brick site on the Dasanguanling was still there.
Boarding the beacon tower, looking around, looking east at the Sichuan-Shaanxi highway, traffic is busy; Looking south at baoji-chengdu railway through the mountains; In the west, scattered water flows, the peaks are towering, and the main peak of Qinling mountains goes straight into the sky; There are ancient Guanling and heavy green hills in the north.
In ancient times, it was closed, with five two-story enemy towers, which locked the pass horizontally. Mr. Guo Moruo's three cursive characters "Da San Guan" are hung on the watchtower, which are simple, dignified and vigorous.
On the north wall of the watchtower is a huge landscape painting "The Great Three Passes", which shows visitors the elegance of the ancient Great Three Passes. On the south wall is a meticulous painting "Anti-Gold Map".
On the west side of the watchtower, the national hero Yanwu and the sculpture of Wu Lin stand face to face. The overall sculpture style is summarized, the carving method is distinct, the modeling is vivid, and there is a stone carving effect. The Wu brothers were famous soldiers in the Song Dynasty. There is a legend in the history of the Song Dynasty: a native of Jingning, Gansu, is good at civil and military affairs and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. Once defeated the nomads from the big three passes by 65,438+10,000, which is famous throughout the ages. It left a beautiful song for future generations, "Three Qin Xiongguan is famous through the ages, and the heroic spirit of two martial arts is passed down through the ages."
There is an eye of Longquan in the north of the watchtower. The spring water is cool and sweet and never dries up. It is said that whenever there is a great drought, the local people go up the mountain to ask for rain, get water from Longquan and go down the mountain for food, and there will be heavy rain to moisten the grain and save the people from famine.
There is a strange stone with a white snake on it, which is natural and vivid. People used to travel here, and when they saw this stone, they knew they had reached the third level. So there is a saying that the big white snake leads the way. According to folklore, White Snake went to Changshou Mountain to steal Ganoderma lucidum in order to save Xu Xian. She was found by the crane boy, fought on the white clouds, was cut by the crane boy, fell to the ground, landed on the big stone in the third pass, and became a fossil.
On the Dasanling, there is also a white bodhisattva statue, which stands among the green mountains and white clouds, dignified and beautiful, kind and amiable. This is the folklore that Guanyin Bodhisattva went through customs. According to legend, there is a village girl at the foot of Qishan, who is ugly and everyone in the village laughs at her for not marrying. Sisters don't want to associate with her either. Suddenly one day, my sister-in-law passed by her door and smelled the strange smell in the room. She peeked through the window and found that the ugly girl had taken off her head cover and showed her true colors. She was so beautiful that she couldn't help crying. The "ugly girl" found out that someone had seen through her secret and left home that night. She walked south and along Chencang Road. When I came to the third pass, I saw the steep mountains and beautiful scenery, and stood in the third pass, trying to catch my breath and see my hometown. Suddenly she heard a cock crow. She knew it was almost dawn, so she hurried forward. On the mountain to the west of Sanguan, the east is fish-belly white. She can't walk any further, so she just sits there. Later, people called that mountain "Guanyin Mountain" and built a Kannonji under it. Su Dongpo's poem Flying Pavilion is fascinating. At present, a new flying pavilion has been built on the Sifei Peak in Beiling, Dasanguan, and a statue of Su Dongpo has been molded in the "Dongpo Reading Poetry".
When people board the flying pavilion, they can truly feel the fairyland of "the southwest road is far from depression, and the soul can't reach the threshold." In the north of the Big Three Pass, there are five beautiful natural scenery. When you reach the top, the sea of clouds rolls under your feet and white clouds bloom over your head. The dangerous roads are beautiful and the mountains are long, which makes people feel like they are in a fairyland. Therefore, it is called "Little Huashan".
Wang Wei's "Da San Guan" says: "Shu Gate has been connected since then, and Taniguchi looks at it. The sun and the moon cover each other, and Yin and Yang hide each other. The path is near a deep stream, and the horseshoe is afraid of stepping. The spring water flowed in the rocks and banged. It's early spring and the climate is like wax. There are green strips between the yellow leaves, and the wind is rustling. When I met the woodpickers, I sang songs and answered each other. "