Images in classical poetry often contain rich meanings, complex feelings or profound philosophies. The poet's subjective feelings are expressed by images, and the subjective "meaning" and the objective "image" are isomorphic, forming a poetic "image" with great aesthetic feeling.
Poetic images can be character images, including objective images and subjective images (objective images are the characters described by the author, such as Zhou Yu in Looking Back on Red Cliff, and subjective images are the lyrical protagonists created by the works, such as the image of "I" in Lin Yuling), as well as the events extracted by the poet from social life (action images, such as "Knocking on chess pieces and falling to death" in Passers-by).
Image analysis, it is important to grasp the moral behind the image, that is, "the image outside the image, the scene outside the scene." For example, a rooster crows on the Maodian Moon in Morning Walk, and several simple images show the image of a busy traveler. In Yulin Ridge, where to wake up tonight, Yang Liuan, the breeze and the waning moon, the poet expresses the sadness of parting through images such as willow, breeze and the waning moon. Therefore, it is not comprehensive to guess the poet's feelings only by poetic images when appreciating poetic images. The choice of images often shows the poet's feelings, likes and dislikes, sadness and joy, such as "the vine is old, the west wind is slender, the sun is setting, and heartbroken people are at the end of the world" in the courtyard sand Qiu Si. Through six groups of deliberately chosen images, the poet shows the fatigue of the journey, the helplessness of wandering life and the yearning for his hometown.
When guiding students to analyze the images of poetry, we should first let them have some image reserves, such as "the waning moon" often means missing, and "willow silk" means leaving. After accumulating a certain number of images, students will form a preliminary image appreciation, but students often form a "stereotype" at this time. Whenever they encounter similar images, they will make a unified explanation, and the images are relatively simple, so students should be distinguished, especially the different meanings of similar images in different poems. Only in this way can students truly grasp the true meaning of poetic images.
Second, the language of poetry
Language is the carrier of poetry expression. To analyze the language of poetry, we should start with words, understand the meaning of poetry language, understand the implication and implication, and then grasp the linguistic characteristics of poetry expression. Poetic language has the characteristics of conciseness, implication, lyricism and jumping, and more importantly, the contextual meaning of poetic language. Different contexts can make ordinary words play an irreplaceable role, such as "an affair is full of spring", and Wang Guowei commented that the word "noisy" makes the realm come out. Why is an ordinary noisy word used so well here? Because it describes the scene of spring blooming, it is similar to the word Nong in the 2003 national college entrance examination "Clouds Break the Moon for Shadows" and the words Yan and Leng in Wang Wei's "A Stream Singing Qushi, the moonlight is cold and blue", so it is called the "poetic eye" of the whole poem. The word "swallow" is a verb and the word "cold" is an adjective. Here, "swallowing" and "cold" are anthropomorphic rhetoric. The spring water was blocked by rocks, which sounded like a whimper, while the moonlight shining on pine trees was even colder because of the darkness of the forest. The words "Yan" and "cold" vividly represent the quiet and lonely scene in the mountains, so this word is the eye of the whole poem.
When students analyze the language of poetry, the biggest problem is that they are too general and have too many cliches. Some just wrote something like "the language of poetry is vivid and delicate" because they didn't understand poetry, which exceeded their meaning. Therefore, in the process of training, students should be guided to decompose poetry in detail, that is, to express readers' understanding of poetry content and its meaning clearly. Then let the students know which word is the "poetic eye" of the whole poem and what role it plays. This will guide students to analyze, and students will not feel unable to write. In other words, according to the contextual meaning of words, there will be a clear idea.
Therefore, no matter what the topic requires, the most important person who analyzes language will not be at a loss if he combines poetic context with context.
Third, evaluate the writing skills of poetry.
Classical poetry uses a few fixed words to express some characters and scenery, so as to express some emotions. Only highly concise language can not fully achieve the purpose of expressing emotions, but also requires certain writing skills.
1, rhetorical device. There are many rhetorical devices in poetry, such as metaphor, personification, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, symbol and sleepover. For example, the skillful "metaphor" technique used in The Book of Songs has been widely used in later generations, such as Yuefu poems. For example, in the first two sentences of "Peacock flies southeast", "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles" is taken as a symbol of the separation of husband and wife in Jiao Zhongqing.
Rhetoric in poetry is often not difficult to see, but it is difficult to understand the role of rhetoric in poetry. In teaching, some students just pointed out what rhetoric was used in this poem, but did not mention the function, which actually reflected that the appreciation ability was not high enough. Therefore, it is necessary for students to understand the common rhetorical devices in poetry and the role these rhetorical devices play in poetry, so as to answer them comprehensively and concretely in actual appreciation.
2. expression. There are four main ways to express poetry: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, among which the focus of assessment is description and lyricism. Description methods include dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, and lyricism includes direct and indirect lyricism. In teaching, it is difficult to grasp the "combination of reality and falsehood", which some people call "combination of reality and falsehood". It is difficult to decide what is virtual and what is real. In fact, truth is relative to reality, and "what is true, what is not" is the most fundamental principle. Specifically, the "emptiness" in poetry includes three categories: (1) the world of immortals and ghosts and dreams, such as Li Bai's dream of ascending to heaven in Tianmu Mountain fairyland. (2) Past scenes, which are scenes that the author has experienced or happened in history, are not in sight now. For example, Li Yu's "Yu Meiren" is carved with jade.