The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. It collected 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, comprehensively displayed China's social life in the Zhou Dynasty, and truly reflected the historical face of the slave society in China from prosperity to decline. These poems borrowed a large number of animal examples, vividly reflecting people's voice and yearning for an ideal life.
According to textual research, there are as many as 1 15 species of animals in The Book of Songs. The opening "Guan Yu" describes the love of young men and women through animal feelings: "Guan Yu's pigeon is in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Pheasant pigeon is said to be a kind of waterfowl similar to osprey. It is said that this kind of bird is male and female for life. "Off, off", this is the male pheasant dove singing to the female pheasant dove, and the female pheasant dove singing to each other, just like a beautiful man singing at the girl's window.
The second article is Ge Tan: "Pueraria lobata is sad in the middle valley, and its leaves are long. Yellow birds fly in the air and gather in the bushes. They sing. ..... talk about the teacher, talk about the words. Dirt me personally and wash my clothes thin. Is it harmful? Honor your parents. " The main idea of this song is: Ramie grows and extends to the valley. Ye Er is lush, and orioles are chirping and singing in the bushes. ..... Tell the housekeeper to ask for leave and go back to her family. Rub my clothes and wash my clothes. What other washes are there? I am in the mood to go home early. Yellow bird, you say oriole, you say oriole. No matter what kind of bird it is, its jumping and singing in the branches vividly shows a maid's happy mood of taking time off to visit her parents after picking kudzu and making clothes.
Listen to the famous song "Que Nest" again: "Wei Que has a nest and Wei Dui lives in it; The returning son, one hundred and twenty royal. Wei que has a nest, but Fang; Son of Yu Gui, a hundred good generals. Wei Que has a nest, and Wei Yu is full of nests; The son of Yugui is 100%. " This is about the luxury of aristocratic women when they get married. "Magpies have nests and pigeons live in them" is the earliest recorded "Magpies' nests are occupied by pigeons", which is a parasitic phenomenon of birds.
The following song "Sweet Mouse" is a bitter irony to people who don't speak etiquette: "Sweet mouse has skin, but people are rude! If a person doesn't look his face squarely, he might as well die. You see ground squirrels and teeth, but people ignore virtue. A man without virtue should not wait for death. Rats have bodies, but people are rude! If people are rude, Hu will not die? "
"Yo yo Luming Literature, wild apple. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano. A blowing sheng reed, a basket of gifts. People are very kind to me, just like showing me the way. ..... "This song" Luming Literature "is accompanied by the singing of deer and the sound of harp, which highlights the luxurious grand occasion of noble banquet guests.
The Book of Songs vividly reflects the life of Zhou people by describing a large number of animals, indicating that wild animals brought endless spiritual food to people at that time.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi reflected on the relationship between man and animals. Zhuangzi thought: "From the Taoist point of view, nothing is noble; Seeing things is expensive and cheap; From a vulgar point of view, nobility is not in yourself. " Zhuangzi observed that every species cherishes its own kind and despises other species, and human beings despise other species because of this egocentric arrogance. Zhuangzi believes that "no dignity" is the true "Tao".
Facing the real world of war, Zhuangzi used a lot of fables to discuss his philosophy of life. There are many fables about animals and people in Zhuangzi, the most famous of which is Zhuang Zhou's Dream of Butterfly: "Zhuang Zhou's dream, which used to be Hu Die and vivid in Hu Die, is a metaphor for self-ambition! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is Hu Die and? Hu Die's dream is Zhou Yu? There will be points in the weekly meeting. This is called materialization. "
This story highlights the essence of Zhuangzi's philosophy: "Zhuang Zhoumeng is a butterfly, Zhuang Zhouxing; Dream butterfly is Zhuang Zhou, and the misfortune of butterfly is also. "ZhuangZhou become a butterfly, is a great blessing ZhuangZhou. The transformation of butterfly into Zhuang Zhou is a step from carefree to noisy in life, which is probably the sadness of butterfly. Zhuangzi put forward a philosophical proposition here-how do people know themselves and the real world?
The story of Zhuang Zhou's Dream Butterfly skillfully uses the wonderful transformation between people and animals, which shows that animals are "born free" and it is not easy to be a human being. In this story, butterflies have an equal relationship with people. In an equal world, people and everything are psychic, which is a profound thought. Through a series of ingenious stories, it shows that human thinking has entered a higher realm. Zhuangzi Zhuangzi (about 369-286). Philosopher of the Warring States Period, Zhou. Song Guomeng (now Shangqiu, Henan Province, northeast of Mengcheng County, Anhui Province) was born. I am a painter in Mongolia. Zhuangzi was a great thinker, philosopher and writer in the pre-Qin period. He was originally from Chu, a descendant of Wang, and later moved to Song due to the war. He is the main founder of Taoism. Together with Laozi, the ancestor of Taoism, they are called "Laozi and Zhuangzi", and their philosophical thoughts are respected as "Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy" by the ideological and academic circles, but their literary talent is better than Laozi's. Many versions of Zhuangzi's representative works, such as Wandering Away and The Theory of Everything, have been interpreted by later generations. Zhuangzi advocated "harmony between man and nature" and "governing by doing nothing".