I have been giving training and counseling to students before the model exam these two days. For poetry appreciation, I am tired of the guidance of problem-solving paradigm and the speculation of appreciation terms. The essence of poetry appreciation should be in poetry, not the other way around. Many of our teachers are keen to sum up the answer specifications and templates. Without a real understanding of a poem, how can we say that we are enjoying it?
? For example, Lu You's Autumn Xing asks students to sum up the reasons for the author's "annoyance" according to the two couplets in the middle. Many students replied: ambitious and hard to pay, satirizing the authorities, depressed and unhappy, and so on. These answers divorced from poetry are a true portrayal of students' ignorance.
Qiuxing
The white hair is rustling, and I want to make a full house.
Alcoholism in middle age leads to illness.
After many battles, my clothes are empty, and my horns are only sad.
In the Ming Dynasty, misty rain flooded the riverbank, and Zhandanfeng was a fishing boat.
We say that reading poetry depends on the title, the content, the author and the notes.
? Looking at the title, I found that "Prosperous Autumn" is nothing more than the author's excitement in autumn. The ancient people's "sad autumn" complex has never stopped in our culture, and this poem is no exception.
"White hair rustling, want to be full. When I come back, I will see mountains and autumn. " "White Hair" reminds us of "Three thousands of feet's white hair is like a song of everlasting regret", "How lovely Gao Tingming's mirror lock is" and "Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo's early birth makes your son rich". Writing "White Hair" is actually a feeling of wasting time and empty hands, and it is a sense of nothingness. As can be seen from the second couplet, the author is still in the middle age, which should be the year of his career. From our understanding of the author, we can know that Lu You's greatest wish in his life is to follow "Julian Waghann's Northern Central Plains". He has been practicing this wish all his life, but he was hated by the imperial court. The good days suddenly passed, but who can understand his inner anxiety, so waiting became Lu You's fate. He waited until his death. White hair has become the externalization and image portrayal of Lu You's anxiety. "Sasha Vujacic" means sparse hair. A middle-aged man not only has more and more white hair, but also gets thinner and thinner. How heavy is the sadness behind this! "Back" means coming back from the imperial court. This is not simply going home. It is a long-term abandonment. The purpose of ancient scholars is to "taste the imperial family" and pay attention to "self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world" The emperor is unique and has no branches. Once the royal family gave up this only way, it would be gone, and they could only "shoot the railing all over" like Xin Qiji. The land tour here can only stay in "Laoshan" and kill time in the autumn scenery of Laoshan. "Three observations" means watching and observing for many years, one year, two years, three years, and so on. The royal family comes in handy, and endless days are sad. There is no end to waiting, only "empty sorrow" and wine on the west wind.
"Drunkenness depends on the shelf, and illness becomes a middle-aged sun and moon." Drinking to drown your sorrows will make your troubles worse. Some people say that "telling the truth after drinking" means that many people will be "exposed" as "naked" when they are drunk. Get rid of the "disguise", Lu You, a drunken naked man, shouted "Gan Kunpei"! The world is too narrow, our land is not like this. The great rivers and mountains north of the Yangtze River are all our DaSong territory! Since ancient times, sadness has been the main color. Chen Ziang's "Youzhou Tower" puts himself in endless time and space, "and I shed tears alone", lamenting my insignificance in the criss-crossing world, hoping to make some contributions to the ancients. Lu You did exactly the opposite here and now, calling out the "constraint" of heaven and earth. The implication is just to blame the court for inaction and the court for not reusing such "hawks" as Lu You. I just felt "Gankun Training" and lamented "Sun and Moon Training". Life is short, and I feel powerless in the face of the relentless passage of time. Yes, nothing will happen when people reach middle age, and all their ambitions will be in vain. What's more, you are suffering from illness. When will it end?
? This poem continues the tradition of predecessors' creation, which has both time and space: "The meaning of drunkenness is not on the shelf" is space. "Illness into middle age" is time. Space-time elements of the universe often appear in ancient poems. There are "leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward" and "I came from three thousand miles away. This autumn is sad, a hundred years of sorrow, and I have climbed this high alone. "You can't see the water of the Yellow River leaving heaven and entering the sea, and it will never return. You can't see the locks in the mirror of the high shelf. Although the morning is dark, the night has turned into snow." And so on. The ancients used to put themselves in an endless universe, lamenting their smallness and regretting that they had accomplished nothing. The achievement here is, of course, as a hawk "sending troops to the Central Plains to recover lost ground".
"A hundred battles wear iron clothes, and the five corners are only sad." The "iron-beaten" soldiers on the battlefield have been through many battles, and their first duty is to obey orders. I don't know that the meritorious military service accumulated with my own body didn't recover lost ground and didn't get peace. The sound of "painting corners" in this barracks did not bring the good news of repelling the enemy, but only increased the sadness for the scholars who were worried about the world represented by the poet.
Just, just! No, no!
In the Ming Dynasty, misty rain flooded the river bank, and Zhandan Peak was a fishing boat. Li Bai said, "Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will let go of my hair tomorrow and get on a fishing boat.". Su Shi once shouted: "Zhou Zhen died from now on, and Jiang Hai died all his life." Lu You was also helpless at this time, choosing the final destination of literati and the final sustenance of "seclusion". Confucianism knows that it can't be done, but after being hit by reality, it may show weakness, although it is unwilling. Yes, I won't play with you. I will go fishing by the river. There is my fishing boat under the flaming maple leaf. Fishing on the land is a helpless choice and a complaint. It is not that Liu Zongyuan's "fishing for the elderly in the cold river-snow" resolutely refused to cooperate. Therefore, seclusion here is just an idea, not put into practice, or just complaining. If the imperial court recruits, it will definitely put on "iron clothes" and follow "Julian Waghann Beiding Central Plains".
In a word, to appreciate Lu You's Autumn Xing, we should grasp the images of autumn, white hair, dry Kun, sun and moon, painting horns, fishing boats and so on, or call them "national language symbols", and take this as a path to enter the poem.
I still admire Liu Zongyuan's determination to "fish in the cold river-snow", but I don't appreciate Lu You's misty rain in the Ming Dynasty and fishing boat.