Let's talk about the allocation of time first. The average student can control the three multiple-choice questions of the first big question in 5 minutes. Because this sub-topic is relatively stable and usually has more training, the candidates of the basic routine should be quite familiar with it, and they can answer boldly under the premise of clear examination, and it is appropriate to answer at a medium speed. In addition, the answer should pay attention to the first impression, there is no sufficient basis. Don't change it without authorization.
Answer strategy:
1. See the stem requirements clearly. Whether you choose right or wrong, do you have any other information to refer to when you answer the question? Be sure to look carefully and clearly.
2. First rule out the options that are most sure to be ruled out. For example, "analysis of words and idioms (including idioms)" can be considered from the aspects of emotional color, scope, degree, proper collocation and repetition.
Click to view: the answer template and problem-solving skills of college entrance examination Chinese reading
3. Some routine reminders. When distinguishing between correct and wrong pronunciations, pay attention to those words that you are most sure of, and everyone seems to pronounce them like this. Distinguish between right and wrong typos, and look at the topic for a long time. After a long time, what was originally correct will be considered a mistake. If you are not sure, you can put it aside. Choosing words to fill in the blanks should use "exclusion method" and pay attention to "collocation"; When using idioms, we should avoid the understanding of "looking at the text to create meaning" The more you want to understand idioms literally, the more you should pay attention to the traps. Sometimes the "particularly strange" idioms in the test questions are often correct.
2, natural science and social science articles reading
These two parts are generally examined in the form of single choice, and * * * has four small questions. To do these four questions well, we should pay attention to the following points:
1. Pay attention to thinking carefully and thoroughly.
2. Be sure to find the words, sentences and paragraphs corresponding to the test questions, compare and understand them repeatedly, and carefully judge whether the options are right or wrong; Reasoning based on the original sentence should be reasonable, otherwise it will become "out of thin air"
3. Understand several situations of setting interference items: stealing concepts, generalizing, making things out of nothing, expanding or narrowing the scope of concepts, lacking evidence, reversing cause and effect, confusing before and after, pretending to be wrong, and so on.
Reading natural science articles may be boring sometimes, so keep your brain awake. Calm down and read carefully, trying to understand accurately.
Answer skills:
The first is to lock the reading interval of the topic, which is the understanding of words and sentences related to the first few paragraphs and lines, especially the first and second paragraphs.
Second, 1, 2 questions are generally easy, you can directly find the position in the original text, according to the stem of the question. What is generally consistent with the original text is mostly correct.
Third, the setting of the third and fourth questions is a little more difficult. Most of the wrong questions in the title deviate from the original text. The nuances should be clarified.
3, classical Chinese reading
In view of the fact that most of the reading questions in classical Chinese are narrative, we should try our best to find people and things in the text and circle the following related contents in the text: how many people are there and how to call them; Who is the protagonist and what is the relationship with others; There are several things that are done by several people; The relationship between events, what is the significance, is generally hierarchical. Then review the questions, study the paragraphs with these questions, don't entangle in irrelevant places, and work hard in important places.
1. Understanding of notional words in classical Chinese: adhere to the principle of "words are inseparable from sentences". Make use of the structural characteristics of words and words. Take the way of association from there to here to quickly understand the meaning of words. The explanation given in the option can be substituted into the sentence and confirmed repeatedly in combination with the context. In addition, we should pay special attention to the phenomenon of polysemy, flexible use of words, different meanings between ancient and modern times, false words and biased meanings in classical Chinese. At ordinary times, the explanations of individual morphemes in some idioms we have accumulated can sometimes give us some enlightenment and use it for me.
2. Meaning and usage of function words: On the premise of understanding the meaning of the sentence, according to the position of the word in the sentence, turn the function words into content words and judge the part of speech and usage.
3. "Screening information" and "grasping the meaning of the text": these are the last two questions in reading classical Chinese. Pay attention to the overall grasp. In particular, the last question "grasp the meaning of the text" and the setting of four options in this question. Most of them are arranged in the order of the original content, and inappropriate items are often selected, which is helpful to understand the full text and provide effective information for solving the previous problems. It is advisable to slow down here and try to do it right. When you're done, go back and check the correctness of the previous question.
Answer skills:
1. Learn to circle and point, because the answer sheet is for the first volume, and the circle is ok. Draw a clear line between people and major events.
2. Look at the last question in classical Chinese first, which is the summary and analysis of the content. In essence, this topic can be called "Translation of Classical Chinese and Vernacular Chinese", which is very clear about the characters, the full text and the event analysis. So I read this article first. It is equivalent to reading the translation. Read the original again. Get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Infer the meaning of words with the help of the original text. Don't take it for granted, but mobilize the knowledge reserve in your mind.
4. The translation of classical Chinese should first look at the meaning in front of this sentence. Because context is the best hint. The former sentence is understood, and the latter sentence will naturally follow.
In addition to the common classical Chinese notional words (120 stipulated in the syllabus), you should also take a look at other classical Chinese notional words marked in the textbook before the exam, and just take a look at your notes.
6. Function words in classical Chinese should take common words as the object of investigation, such as "two, harmony, tolerance, starting, being, doing, speaking, meaning, cause, being, then knowing".
4. Classical Chinese translation
Classical Chinese translation: First, read the sentence or paragraph fluently, and translation is half the battle. When explaining important real words and function words in sentences, we should pay attention to contextual reasoning; When translating, we should pay attention to the changes and adjustments of sentence patterns and word order of classical Chinese, and omit the supplement of components; Pay attention to the fluency of translated sentences and write carefully. None of the judges will check the figures in the blank. Therefore, those bars should be filled in, whether right or wrong.
Classical Chinese translation focuses on literal translation and word-for-word realization.
5. Appreciation of ancient poetry
Appreciation of classical poetry: first, carefully examine the topic and make clear which aspect to appreciate.
1. In terms of ideological content, we should use the scenery, characters and events written by the poet to understand the artistic conception of the poem, the poet's emotional experience and the truth reflected.
2. In terms of images, we should recognize the images written in poems and understand their experiences, mentality or representative significance.
3. In terms of language, we should carefully understand the verbs, adjectives and other parts of speech that can best reflect the artistic conception of poetry, and analyze how they reflect the artistic conception and express the poet's feelings.
4. In terms of expression skills, we need to understand the expression skills of poetry and analyze it with the help of the original poem.
5. Clarify the suggestive factors of the topic requirements and do the questions in strict accordance with the requirements.
6. Seriously organize the answer, if it is a paragraph. According to the total score structure, the conceptual terms about poetry creation should be used accurately, that is to say, jargon. For example, the first sentence and the second sentence should be replaced by first couplet, platoon couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet.
Answer skills:
Appreciation of ancient poetry lies in the understanding of words. To find the answer from poetry, we must learn various methods, but the key is to understand poetry, especially to grasp the artistic conception. Artistic conception is the mood expressed by the author when writing this poem. Or depressed, or high-spirited, or depressed, or missing, or indifferent. , and then turn it into words.
The key point to remember is that the answer lies in the poem, in the situation expressed by the author in words, such as "cold, clear, quiet, absolutely, dark, cloudy, noisy, writing, tears"
The expression of poetry appreciation should be closely related to poetry, labeled, not exaggerated, not deleted, and preferably true expression. For example, "Folding Willow" in 2002 and "Cold Swallow" in 2003 are all analyzed according to the content of this poem, so we can't copy it mechanically. Of course, there must be skill in expression. It is to analyze the context and meaning of this word. This statement is clear.
6. Dictation of famous sentences
Dictation of famous sentences and articles: See clearly whether you choose three out of four, two out of three, or all of them, remember, get accurate and write accurately.
7. Reading skills
(A), narrative reading
First, words: When answering questions, you must find the answer before and after the words in the paragraph or find the basis for the answer.
(1) can understand the surface meaning, deep meaning and implication of words, and can understand the effect of their expression;
(2) Be able to determine the content of the text: it usually appears on it, and find out whether the descendants enter the original text to see if it is smooth and reasonable.
Secondly, the article concludes:
Content summary (summarize the story in one sentence): people and things (grasp the main points, and points that promote the development of the plot must be deducted)
The central idea is summarized as follows: "This article expresses the author's admiration and admiration for _ _ by someone doing something, and praises him (character and spiritual quality).
Third, the function of the main sentence: the structure runs through the whole text, and the content points out the center.
Fourth, rhetorical methods and expressive functions.
Metaphor, personification: vividly display and express emotions.
Parallelism: express, express, enhance language potential and strengthen feelings.
Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, arouse readers' thinking and make the article ups and downs.
Rhetorical question: strengthen tone, enhance language potential, express (emotion), and make the article ups and downs.
Mode: (1). Point out the way of expression. What to display (3). What feelings did you express? Use this sentence to express and express vividly.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) narrative order and function?
(1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, which is clear and impressive.
(2) Flashback: It aroused suspense ..., made the story more tortuous and enhanced the readability of the article.
(3) Interpolation function: supplementary explanation ... makes the characters richer and the center more prominent.
The function of interspersed discussion in narrative: the structure connects the preceding with the following; The content is the crowning touch.
6. The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are as follows: (It must be answered from two aspects: content and structure)
1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts).
2. Content: Start with a topic, express your feelings, point out the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point.
3. Writing methods: atmosphere rendering, expressing feelings through objects, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, first promoting and then suppressing, expressing emotions through scenery, expressing feelings through objects, etc.
Symbolize, support things and express will: make expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching.
The function of environmental description: explain the time and place and reveal the background of the times; Render the atmosphere, contrast the characters' emotions, express the characters' personality, and promote the development of the plot.
VII. Evaluation Perception Course
Evaluation: Yes, Agree or Disagree, Good? Comprehension: Put forward opinions on the problem in combination with the theme and personal life experience.
Enlightenment comes from the original text; Evaluation shows attitude and reason. Pay special attention to whether to answer all questions by giving examples or combining them with practice.
Eight, know the commonly used methods of describing characters and understand their functions.
Methods include: ① positive description: language, action, psychology, behavior and appearance; ② Profile (indirect) description: other people or things; ③ Detailed description; (4) the environment sets off the characters' emotions. ⑤ Emotional tendency of using words. The color of praise and criticism.
The function is to reveal the characters' personalities and show their inner world and mental outlook.
The role of non-hero in the text: contrast and contrast make the hero's personality more distinct and prominent.
Narrative language style: cordial and natural spoken language, humorous and ironic humor, passionate and vigorous.
Ten, the role of people:
First person: enhanced the authenticity and appeal of the article.
The second person said: it is convenient for the author to communicate with the characters or readers in the text, which is particularly cordial and touching.
The third person: not limited by time and space, can reflect the objective content freely and flexibly, and has a wider range of activities.
8. Language expression problems
1. From the point of view of inarticulate, concise, coherent and appropriate. First of all, the judgment should be accurate, small operations (addition, deletion, adjustment and replacement) should be carried out, the original intention should not be changed, the answers should be formulated in a standardized way, and the questions should be carefully examined, and the right ones should not be changed into wrong ones.
2. Imitate writing. Clear scoring points, requirements in strict accordance with the following imitation. (1) The content is reasonable (contextual cohesion, emotional appeal, etc.). ); (2) Sentence imitation (consistent sentence structure, consistent application methods, etc. ); (3) Rhetorically, pay attention to metaphor and parallelism; (4) Meet the requirements of the topic, especially the special requirements; (5) Fluent sentences (otherwise points will be deducted).
3. expand. (1) The answer must reflect the explicit and implicit requirements of the topic (the explicit requirements are in the stem of the topic and some in the language materials), such as the topic "Singing" in 2000. The express requirements are: mainly "singing skills" and "not less than 30 words"; Prompt requirements: to reflect the difference between the two, we should give priority to description, be innovative and write well. Answer smoothly, do not miss words, do not use words strongly, do not have language diseases, and write carefully.
4. compress the paragraph. ① Understanding and induction are the premise and foundation of compression; (2) Pay attention to the requirements and restrictions of examining and clearing questions. The college entrance examination often emphasizes key compression; (3) Meet the requirements of the question type, with comprehensive points and smooth answers.
5 Change (select) sentence patterns. (1) Clarify the principle of transformation; Don't change your mind. ② Pay attention to the inter-sentence relationship of the original sentence. (3) Sentences should be fluent.
6. Appropriate and coherent questions. Answer as required.
Answer skills:
1. Reading stem is the basis of doing the problem. The stem must be read twice. The proposer said that there was not a word on the stem that was superfluous. Read clearly and understand the stem of the question, and the question will be 70% successful.
2. Do the questions according to the tips of the questions. The stem is not only a requirement, but also a hint and hint. So following the prompts will get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Language expression questions will appear some new questions every year. Every candidate should be psychologically prepared, but the examination method may be somewhat different from usual, and the ability requirements are known to every candidate for a long time.
4. Reading pictures and table questions can be trained in peacetime. To prepare for this part of the exam, the exam form must be more and more comprehensive. Get ready.
9, material composition coping strategies
First, the material composition related knowledge
1. Characteristics of material composition:
(1) The combination of reading and writing means that candidates can only complete the writing task after reading, analyzing, refining, associating and expressing.
(2) self-made topics, style is not limited, encourage students to write true feelings, encourage students to write personality and creativity.
2. The form of material composition:
(1) Text materials, composition design. (2) Comic material, look at the pictures and write articles. (3) After reading, etc.
Second, the coping strategies of material composition: 1, reading materials; 2. Clear requirements.
(1) Writing is written material.
1. Structure: materials+requirements (must be related to materials. Understand the material and determine the main idea).
2. Examination and understanding: See clearly the requirements (proposed topic, style, text, content, etc. ) and determine the concept and structure.
3. Specific suggestions: rational use of materials, do not avoid materials, start a new stove.
Narrative: analyze the content of the material and contact relevant people or things. Finally, compare the people or things described with the people or things in the materials, and make the finishing touch.
If you want to write your thoughts after reading, you must read the materials and refine the arguments accurately.
Write feelings around a point of view from four aspects: "introduction, discussion, connection and conclusion"
Reading is the foundation, feeling is the key! !
Third, avoid unnecessary writing (not caused by intellectual factors such as poor writing ability)
1. Keep clean and tidy; If you don't fly like a dragon or a phoenix, you can't write a big circle of "no"
2. Write the questions according to the rules. Don't forget the questions raised; Write in the middle of the first line; Don't treat the topic as a title.
3. Reject the three-stage form. 5-8 paragraphs are appropriate, and the paragraphs are detailed and clear, giving consideration to space.
4. Standardize the use of punctuation marks. Punctuation marks should occupy the case; Different teasing in the end; Dashes, ellipsis, book titles, quotation marks should occupy two spaces, and other punctuation marks should occupy one space. It should also be noted that punctuation marks such as pause, teasing, division, adventure, sentence, question and sigh are not at the beginning of the line; The first half of the title and quotation marks are not at the end of a line. In case of special circumstances, this punctuation "grievance" can be left at the end of the line or moved down.