Feng zhi
Ten years in Chang 'an
Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was a large-scale capital city. East-west 18 has 1 15 steps, and north-south 15 has 175 steps. In addition to the Forbidden City in the north and the east and west cities, there are 1 10 square or rectangular squares in the whole city, with straight streets crossing them. Since its completion in 582 (the second year of Emperor Wendi), it has been developing and reached its peak in Tianbao. There are palaces and palaces of rulers, various religious temples, shops and guest houses, as well as public or private gardens. Few famous poets in the Tang Dynasty have never been to Chang 'an. They all like to use their poems to describe Chang 'an's majestic terrain, square order, the luxurious life of the ruling class, and the vivid dramas staged there day and night. Du Fu also went to Chang 'an at the age of 35 (746), but his eyes were not limited to these dazzling things; Beyond these things, he saw the corruption of the ruling group and the suffering of the people. In a poem dedicated to (Ji), he said that the result of his years of wandering was "one branch, and the beam was miserable"; He experienced many human ingenuity in Luoyang; Now that he is in Chang 'an, his main purpose is to get an official position. He is not closely related to Buddhism. Wu Wangshan and Dongmeng Mountain were temporarily influenced by Li Bai in the process of pursuing immortality. Confucian traditions of his family and personal demands prompted him to get a position in the government. His father changed from Sima in Yanzhou (y m 4 n) to magistrate in Fengtian (Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province) not far from Chang 'an, which may be an incidental reason for his westward journey to Guanzhong. Unexpectedly, after living in Chang 'an for ten years, what he got was not a prominent official position, but an understanding of reality, which opened up a new world of poetry in the Tang Dynasty.
At this time, there are signs of increased corruption in politics. Li Longji was an emperor for more than 30 years, and he witnessed the peace and prosperity of the country and society. He felt that China had nothing to worry about, and the idea of peace paralyzed his spirit of hard work in his early years. The emperor, who is over sixty years old, has been superstitious about Taoism for more than ten years. Either he himself heard the immortal talking in the air, or someone reported that he saw Xuanyuan the Great in Ziyun, or there was Fu Rui somewhere, which convinced him that he would live in a world of permanent peace forever. At the same time, he shut himself in the palace, seeking sensual enjoyment, indulging in wine and color all day and living a luxurious life. He gave all political power to Li, secretary of the Central Secretariat. Li is a schemer with a sweet mouth and a sword in his mouth. He flattered Xuanzong and catered to Xuanzong's wishes to consolidate his favorite; He ended satire and hid his cleverness to complete his treachery; He envies talented people and suppresses people who are more capable than him to maintain his position; He also repeatedly created prisons and framed important officials who did not cooperate with him to expand his power. Therefore, there is almost no upright, Geng Jie, talented, free and upright person left over from the Kaiyuan era who was not assassinated and framed by him. Zhang Jiuling and Yan Ting, the capital admired by Du Fu, were pushed out of the capital by him and died soon. He Zhangzhi, who surprised Li Bai's genius and exchanged wine with Scarab, also invited him to be a Taoist and returned to the village. Later, Li was killed by a spy when he was the magistrate of Beihai, and Prime Minister Zuo was exiled to Yichun, and was forced to commit suicide soon. Gu M's Chang 'an at this time was shrouded in conspiracy and terror, and the romantic atmosphere of drinking the Eight Immortals a few years ago almost disappeared. Outside Li, people in the imperial court are either corrupt Hao and Yang or cowardly Chen Xilie. -When Du Fu first arrived in Chang 'an, the unrestrained mood in the roaming era had not disappeared. When he spent five years old in Xianyang on New Year's Eve, he could shout gambling with the hotel guests under the bright candlelight. However, when his contact with Chang 'an became more and more realistic, his unrestrained mood gradually subsided and he became infinitely attached to the free life in the past. A kind of ambivalence is fully reflected in his poems in the early period of Chang 'an: on the one hand, he envies the free "Jianghai people", on the other hand, he wants to get an official position in Chang 'an, which often leads to such a confrontation: the first sentence says that he wants to leave the constrained imperial city, and the next sentence immediately says that he can't stay here. Especially when he came back to his lonely study from the outside, whether in windy winter or looking at the spring in Weibei, he only thought about Li Bai all day. When Kong Chao's father returned to Jiangdong from Chang 'an, he also asked him again and again at the farewell party to ask Li Bai for information. He misses Li Bai so much that he envies Li Bai for continuing that unrestrained life, but he wants to bid farewell to this life himself.
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in the debauchery of the deep palace all day, and the situation outside became increasingly blurred, from a shrewd and promising emperor to a confused son of heaven. He sometimes accidentally thinks of the people and exempts them from taxes, but the extortion of corrupt and powerful people is many times more than that he exempts. In 747, he recruited people with skills in literature and art to make a choice in Kyoto. Li is most jealous of literati and artists, because these people come from the folk and don't know "courtesy". He was afraid that they would criticize state affairs at will, which was not good for him, so he manipulated a conspiracy to make everyone who applied for the exam escape. After the announcement, congratulate him, saying that this is enough to prove that there are no surplus talents among the people today. Xuanzong had to be fooled by him like this. Du Fu and the poet Jie Yuan (723-772) both took part in the cheating exam. Du Fu originally regarded this exam as his only way out and thought that he would succeed. I didn't expect him to get such a result, so he repeatedly mentioned this sad thing in his poem. After Li died in 752, he spoke out his indignation in recent years more boldly:
Break the courage of the former government and plot to seize the monarch alone.
Everything is sour and bitter.
-"Jingzhao Presents Twenty Rhymes"
This is a blow to Du Fu in Li's conspiracy politics, and his private economic situation has also undergone great changes. His father may have died shortly after he took office in Fengtian County. He wandered around Chang 'an, getting poorer every day. In order to make a living, he had to lower himself and be a "guest" in several noble families. At that time, a small number of nobles inherited the legacy of the previous generation. In addition to enjoying an idle life in their luxury garden, they also recruited several literati, musicians, calligraphers and painters as embellishments of their lives. They won't play any role in politics, but they are rich enough to give small favors to their guests at any time. The guests followed them, accompanied them to attend poetry and ode parties and maintained their poor livelihood. Sometimes when the wine is hot and the ears are hot, the host and guests seem to forget the boundaries of grades for the time being and become "friends" with each other. Du Fu is such a guest. In addition, he found a sideline. He picked some medicines in Shan Ye or planted them in front of the steps, and gave them to them at any time in exchange for some "drug prices", indicating that the money collected from them was not taken for nothing. This is what he later said, "selling medicine in the city and delivering meals to friends." The most important of these "friends" are Ruyang Wang Lilian (gold ornaments) and Zheng (Yao ornaments). He wrote poems for them, praised them and said that they regarded him as-
It is difficult to win by advocating gravity.
-"Li Jin Ruyang Wang Twenty Rhymes"
But the actual situation is clearly written in another poem:
At the door of the rich, dusk carries the dust of fat horses;
Broken cups are baked cold, and there is sorrow everywhere!
-"Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"
He wrote such a bitter poem for Wei Ji. Wei Ji is not an outstanding figure either. In 734, he recommended Zhang Guo, an alchemist who smoked, to Xuanzong, in order to cater to the emperor's desire for longevity and superstition of Taoism. In 748, he was moved from Yin in Henan to Zuo Cheng, a senior minister. When he was in Henan, he went to shouyangshan to visit Du Fu, but Du Fu had already gone to Chang 'an. After he arrived in Chang 'an, he often praised Du Fu's poems in the seats of his colleagues. It can be said that he was the only person in Chang 'an who valued Du Fu's poems at that time. Therefore, Du Fu poured out his grief and indignation to him without reservation, and wrote Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng. At the beginning of this poem, he tells the truth he felt in this corrupt society-"If you don't starve to death, the Confucian crown will be more wrong"; Then he described his early ambitions and today's depravity. This is Du Fu's earliest confession poem, which also shows that his poverty began. The poem also describes his inner contradiction: he wants to go east to the sea and restore his former free and romantic life, but he is reluctant to leave Chang 'an at the foot of Mount Zhongnan. In fact, he also went back to his hometown once in the winter of 749. In the north of Luoyang, he visited the Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple, which was renamed Taiwei Palace at that time, appreciated the five holy pictures painted by Wu Daozi on the wall in the palace, and wrote a poem expressing his dissatisfaction with Xuanzong's excessive worship of Taoism. He didn't live in Luoyang for long before he returned to Chang 'an.
In 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tianbao), Xuanzong held three festivals in succession to worship Xuanyuan Emperor, ancestral temple and heaven and earth. Du Fu felt that there was no way out, so he took this opportunity to write three "Great Gifts" and wrote "Entering Three Great Gifts" as Yan En (guǐ). Unexpectedly, these three compositions have had an effect. Xuanzong appreciated it very much after reading it, and asked him to build Jixian Academy, and ordered Prime Minister Kao Wen to become the most ostentatious period of his ten years in Chang 'an. He became famous one day, and the bachelors of Jixian College surrounded him during the exam. But this kind of luck is fleeting. After the exam, he waited for the exam, but he never came, which was also caused by Li. He had to wait for a long time. When he returned to Luoyang for temporary residence in the following spring, he told two bachelors of Jixian Academy in despair that Shi Jin had little hope in the future, so he had to inherit his grandfather's reputation and work hard to write poems.
But he didn't fully wake up. In 754, there were two more poems, Feng Xiyue Fu and Fu Peng. In these two poems, he is still eager for the prosperity of his official career, which makes his poor life very bleak. At the same time, he had no choice. He threw the poem to those who he didn't respect so much that they could quote it. He once wrote poems for Hanlin Zhang Po, Jingxian Yu Zhongtong, Ge, etc., who came to Chang 'an for a visit, and for Zuo Prime Minister Wei. These poems are written in the arranger, which has a certain format: first praise your achievements, then state your embarrassment, and finally tell the original intention of throwing poems, which is pitiful and urgent, and the allusions piled up in the arranger can't hide his sad mood. From here, we can see that Du Fu is oppressed by poverty on the one hand, and driven by his career on the other. In order to get an official position, he has reached the point of unscrupulous means.
After he was 40 years old, he was not only poor, but also gradually weakened. In the autumn of 75 1, it rained heavily in Chang' an, and wall houses collapsed everywhere. Du Fu was ill in the hotel for a whole autumn. Small fish were born in the stagnant water outside the door, and the ground in front of the bed was covered with moss. His lungs are not sound, and this time he was infected with severe malaria. After his illness, he went to his friend Wang's house and told Wang Yishu about his illness:
Who can stand malaria and boils in Sanqiu? Cold and heat fought for a hundred days.
There was a scorpion sitting in the dark, with yellow and wrinkled skin.
-"Wang Yi Drinking Songs after Illness"
In the winter of the same year, he sent poems to friends in Xianyang and Huayuan counties, saying that he was hungry and cold:
Hungry, walking for ten days, then how can our clothes be tied together?
Can't you see that the empty wall is getting dark and the old man is crying silently?
-"Philosophers in Two Counties"
Yihe Wang's friends in xian county and Huaxian are neither powerful nor literary giants, but simple and anonymous people. When Du Fu used allusions to write a series of five-character poems and presented them to dignitaries for reference, he also told these simple and ordinary people about his illness, hunger and cold in natural and vivid language. At this time, Du Fu has begun to absorb folk dialects and integrate them into his poems, making his poems more fresh and powerful.
Besides dignitaries and anonymous friends, there are three people to mention here. These three men enriched Du Fu's later life in Chang 'an and comforted his sorrow. They were all his best friends all his life. They are Normal University, Cen Can and Zheng Qian.
Gao Shi (about 702-765) lived in idleness for several years after parting ways with Du Bai in Song and Zhou Dynasties, and finally worked as a secretary in Hexi Shogunate. In the second half of 752, he entered the DPRK with Ge and arrived in Chang 'an. Cen Can (7 15-770), a poet as famous as Gao Shi, once worked as a secretary in the shogunate of Gao Xianzhi, and has been stationed in Anxi four towns since 749. In autumn of 75 1, he came to Chang' an with Gao Xianzhi, and in early 754, he went to the North Campus with Feng Changqing (Jimsar, Xinjiang). Zheng Qian (705-764) has been a doctor in Chang 'an Wenguang Museum since 750. During this period, among the three, Zheng Qian and Du Fu had the longest contact time and the thickest friendship. As for the aggregation of Du Fu and Gao Cen, it was concentrated in the autumn of 752, and the three of them boarded the Ci 'en Temple Tower together with Chu Guangxi and Yi Xue.
Ji 'an Temple is in Jinchang Square in the southeast area of Chang 'an, and Qujiang is in the southeast through some temples. If people climb the seven-story tower in the temple and overlook the famous city between Weishui and Zhong Nanshan, they will see its vigorous and gloomy weather more clearly from its mountain and river background, as Cen Can wrote when he climbed the tower-
The color of autumn, coming out from the west, goes through the city;
There are five cemeteries in the north that are always green.
—— Cen Can: Climb the Ci 'en Temple Tower with Gao Shi and Xue Ju.
On this day, * * * everyone who climbed the tower wrote a poem (only Xue's poem was lost). Most of these poems expressed a kind of * * *, and people climbed the mountain as if they had lived in vain and were isolated from the world. Du Fu's poems are not. He has no feeling of being born. He said:
Denz turned over a hundred worries because he was not open-minded.
In the autumn dusk, he saw the fragmentation and indivisibility of Qinshan, and saw the crisis of the times from the silent mountains and rivers; Later, like Qu Yuan, he used metaphors to write his nostalgia for Emperor Taizong and his regret for Xuanzong:
Looking back, my name is Yu Shun (referring to Emperor Taizong) and Cangwu (referring to Emperor Taizong's tomb) is worried.
Drinking in Yaochi and enjoying Kunlun Mountain in the sun are precious! (refers to the banquet of Xuanzong and the imperial concubine in the hot spring)
-"Climbing the Cien Temple Tower with the Gentleman"
This is the era when the seeds of troubled times, the so-called management world, germinate everywhere. Li's dictatorship and treacherous court official's politics destroyed some benign political trends cultivated by Yao Chong and others in Kaiyuan period. The frontier fortress generals were overjoyed and provoked war, and they could still win some victories on the frontier fortress battlefield in the late Kaiyuan and early Tianbao years. But then it was different. In 75 1 year, Xian Yu fought for Nanzhao in Zhongzhong, Gao Xianzhi fought for grain (Arabia) and An Lushan fought for Qidan, but the result was unbeaten. In order to supplement the number of soldiers, the people are burdened with great hardships in conscription. Sometimes Yang even sent people to suggest separating the people and sending them to the army in chains. Xuanzong handed over the political affairs to the corrupt prime minister and the frontier defense to the militaristic generals. People are brutally exploited, paying rent and services, while productivity declines.
Xian yangqiao in the north belly of Chang 'an is connected with the avenue leading to the western regions, and the soldiers violently dispatched by the rulers must pass through here when they go to the frontier. Du Fu once saw the soldiers with his own eyes when they set out. Their parents and wives stopped the way, pulled their clothes and cried loudly. He asked a soldier where he was going. The soldier said that he had been to the north to defend the Yellow River fortress when he was fifteen, and he was looking forward to coming back. Now that his hair is gray, he is going to farm in the frontier and prepare to fight Tubo. Nobody cultivated the fields at home, and the county magistrate came to urge the rent again. I don't know where the tax can come from. Du Fu looked at the sad scene and listened to the sad dialogue. He could no longer contain his inner pain. He wrote the first poem that spoke for the people: Auto Shop. In this poem, he mentioned the reduction of productivity:
Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
It is mentioned that rulers drive people away like chickens and dogs, without relaxing taxes at all. Finally, they imagined the situation on the western battlefield:
You didn't see Qinghai Head, those abandoned bones,
New ghosts hate old ghosts crying, and ghosts cry when they are wet.
At this time, Du Fu was about 40 years old, and there were not many poems handed down before his 40 years old. There are only fifty poems, many of which are creative, but the object of singing is nothing more than personal experience and the beauty and magnificence of nature. With the appearance of "Chedian", the territory of his poems expanded, and people who were exploited and enslaved in the Tang Dynasty appeared. After the "garage shop", he wrote nine more poems, and he repeatedly questioned the war of aggression. He said, "You are already rich. How much can I drive? " He also said: "There is a limit to killing people, and countries have their own borders."
In this era of corrupt political style, declining frontier and declining people's livelihood, Xuanzong's luxurious life is increasing. In spring, I took the imperial concubine of Nannei Xingqing Palace and Sister Yang, visited Qujiang Furong Garden through Jiacheng, and went to Lishan Huaqing Palace to avoid the cold. The Imperial Palace and Yangwuzhai enjoy rich daily life, and the etiquette is prosperous when they travel, reaching unimaginable levels. The cost of a plate of "food" can sometimes be equivalent to the industry of ten middle-class families. As for cockfighting, vault, throwing the ball ... those palace pleasures that outsiders can't know the truth have added many legends to the people and added materials to the poems and legends, but I don't know how many people's blood and tears were buried in the middle. The dissolute and shameless life of Yang sisters made Du Fu unbearable. He brazenly wrote two for the road, describing their ugly behavior.
This is Du Fu's real harvest in Chang 'an: his footsteps went from poor lanes to famous gardens, from heavy buildings to famous pavilions, from Qujiang to xian yangqiao, where he had to recruit people. He realized the corruption of this political group because he failed to ask for a promotion, and was exposed to the people's suffering because of his hunger and cold.
In the period of personal poverty and the deepening pain of the times, having a friend can make him laugh for a while, and sometimes even restore his early enthusiasm. This friend is the Zheng Qian we mentioned before. Zheng Qian is familiar with astronomy, geography, national defense fortress and pharmacology. He is the author of Tianbao Army Defence Record, Anthology, Hu Bencao and other books. He can write, draw and write poems. He wrote poems on his paintings for Xuanzong, who wrote the inscription "Zheng Qian's Three Musts". He also knows melody, and he is smart and humorous. In the early years of Tianbao, he was Xie Lvlang, who was accused of writing national history privately and was relegated. When he returned to Chang 'an in 750, Xuanzong gave him an idle position-Dr. Guangwenguan, and later changed his job. However, his writings and works have not been handed down, except for a five-character poem "Boudoir Love" which is not very clever in "The Whole Tang Poetry". He is versatile, but he lacks lofty qualities. In the Anshi Rebellion, he was captured by the enemy in Luoyang. Although he didn't obviously defect to the enemy, he also had some ambiguous relations with the enemy. But he occupies an important position among Du Fu's friends. After the Anshi Rebellion, Zheng Qian was demoted to Taizhou. Du Fu's poems commemorating him are very touching and can be read together with those commemorating Li Bai. He and Li Bai had a certain influence on Du Fu's life and personality. If Li Bai once made Du Fu's mind bold, then Zheng Qian inspired Du Fu's sense of humor with his cleverness. When Du Fu was destitute, he sometimes voiced indignation and rebelled, and sometimes passively used one or two humorous words to relieve the burden of pain. This is an escape emotion, which Du Fu can easily show in front of Zheng Qian. In such a difficult situation, as long as he sees Zheng Qian, he can get temporary comfort in humorous words. In August 753, Chang 'an was flooded with rain, and the price of rice soared. The government allocated100000 stone rice from Taicang and distributed it to the people at a discounted price. Each person received 5 liters of rice every day until the next spring. Du Fu also belongs to the man who brings food from Taicang every day. But when he had a little money, he went to Zheng Qian, and the two of them bought wine and drank it. Du Fu still has such a profound and creepy feeling-
Clear night, spring action is heavy, drizzle falls before the lights;
But I feel that singing has ghosts and gods, and I don't know how to starve to death to fill the ravine.
-"Drunk Song"
This shows that although the lofty sentiments that have been gathered for a long time can be attacked for a while, the hunger in front of us is an ironclad reality, and we can't get rid of it anyway.
This year, Su Yuanming, who had traveled with Du Fu in Shandong, also went to Chang 'an and was appointed as the army supervisor in Guo Zi. He often drinks with Du Fu and Zheng Qian and becomes close friends. Later, Su and Zheng died in 764 (the second year of Dai Zong Guangde). Du Fu heard the news in Chengdu and wrote poems to mourn. From the beginning, he said:
Who pity me? Zheng and Su in my life.
-"Crying about Taizhou Zheng Su's poor supervision"
Before 75 1 year (Tianbao ten years), Du Fu wandered around Chang 'an, without a certain apartment, and mostly lived in guest houses. After 75 1 year, Qujiang and Ling Du were gradually mentioned in his poems, and his travels were mostly confined to the south of the city. North of Chang 'an until the south bank of Weihe River is the forbidden park for the emperor to swim and hunt; South of the city is a summer resort, where many aristocratic officials build villas and pavilions, from Qujiang in the southeast corner of the city to Shaoling and Shenheyuan outside the city, all the way to Zhong Nanshan. Places of interest in that area, such as Du Qu on the north shore of Fan Chuan, Qu Wei, Ding Kunchi dug by Princess Anle in northern Qu Wei, the forest of General He in the west, and Prince Pi, Wuqiao, Zhangbagou and Xiadu City ... all these place names appeared in Du Fu's later Chang 'an poems. We can guess from the poems of "not stepping into Qujiangtou" and "living in a poor village pier and living in seclusion near the South Building" that Du Fu settled in Qujiangnan, Shaoling North, Xiadu East and Ling Du West after 75 1 year, and since then he has called himself "Shaoling Grandpa", "Ling Du Grandpa" or "Ling Du Buyi". As for his wife who moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an, it was mostly in the spring of 754 after he settled down.
His eldest son Wen Zong was probably born in 750, and his second son Zong Wu was born in the autumn of 753. As for the child who later starved to death in Fengxian, he has not yet been born. A few people came to Chang' an, and his burden was even heavier. After several years of floods and droughts, Guanzhong is hungry and cold. Although he has some meager "mulberry fields" near Duqu, it doesn't help. This autumn, the underground rain never stopped, and the four seas were shrouded in an endless rain cloud, which lasted for more than 60 days. With the soaring prices, people ignore the coming winter cold. In order to alleviate the current hunger, they all took out their bedding for rice. In this hopeless situation, Du Fu looked up muddy and couldn't get out. He simply locked the house and the children were playing in the rain, not knowing what to do. All the flowers and plants in the yard rotted in the rain, except the cassia seed he planted under the steps. Green leaves are covered with branches like jade feathers, and countless flowers are like the lack of money around him.
Under such circumstances, his family can't live in Chang 'an for more than a year. After the autumn rain, he had to send his wife to live in Fengxian (Pucheng, Shaanxi), and Fengxian named her Yang, perhaps a member of his wife's family. He returned to Chang 'an himself. At the same time, his uncle Cui Wei (xū) was appointed as Baishuiwei, which is the neighboring county of Fengxian. Since then, he has often traveled between Chang 'an, Fengxian and Baishui.
In 755 10, he stayed in Chang' an for nine years except for several trips to Luoyang. Perhaps the poems of Wei, the prime minister of Zuo Dynasty, played a role, and he was appointed as the prefect of Hexi County. At that time, the county commandant was the most intolerable position for a conscientious poet. Gao Renwei, there are several poems describing the life of county commandant, which are very painful:
Just say little words and do nothing, and the public door will always be solid;
It's sad to salute the governor and lash out at Li Shu.
-Gao Shi: "Feng Qiu Left"
Du Fu met Gao Shi again in Chang 'an, and was once happy for him, because he was separated from the county commandant and no longer needed to whip the people. Now, he never wants to repeat the mistake of Gao Shi, and live a life of pandering to officials and flogging the people. Although he was poor and had no official position at the age of 44, he refused the appointment without thinking. He resigned from Hexi Wei and changed to the right guard to lead Cao Cao to join the army. His task is to guard weapons and manage access keys. His position is below grade eight.
After he decided to accept the position, he went to Fengxian to visit his wife. This is the moment when the luxurious life of the ruling clique and the exploitation of the people reached an unprecedented high point since the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. With frequent floods and droughts, people's lives seem to have turned upside down compared with the Kaiyuan era, and the disparity between the rich and the poor is getting sharper every day. Du Fu set out from Chang 'an in the middle of the night in the month of 1 1. At that time, the grass was withered, the wind was cold, and my fingers were frozen, so I couldn't even tie my clothes. He now has such a small official position, which can be said to be the result of Chang' an's nine years of constant dedication and poetry. He summed up his life along the way in recent years and reviewed it again. He remembered the frequent conflicts in Chang 'an. Like Li Bai, he could have traveled all over the country and sent the sun and the moon, but he cared about the people and hoped for a government that cared about them. He pinned all his hopes on the emperor, so he was reluctant to leave Chang 'an. He feels like a sunny sunflower, whose nature cannot be changed. Now my hair is white and my body is weak. I used to pretend to be Xiaomi Qi, but now I get the position of guarding weapons in the house. As for his favorite "Sun"? -He walked at the foot of Mount Li, and it was dawn. He knew that Xuanzong sheltered himself from the cold in Huaqing officials on the mountain, entertained himself in singing and dancing, and gave away the property of the people at will. He investigated the source of the property-
Tongting is divided into silks, which originated from cold women.
Whip her husband's family and gather in Miyagi Que.
-"From Beijing to Fengxian, I will recite 500 words."
While Yang Guifei and Yang's sisters were drinking delicious food, which reminded him of the famine on Chang 'an Avenue (pi m: o), and this famous sentence popped up in his heart:
The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.
-"From Beijing to Fengxian, I will recite 500 words."
There is such a big difference between inside and outside the door. Thought of here, he may feel that this situation can't continue, but he didn't know at that time that the Anshi Rebellion had begun to fight for john young, and the Tang Dynasty society ended its heyday and entered a bumpy and difficult period. He turned north across the Weihe River and arrived in Fengxian. As soon as he entered the room, he heard tiáo o's voice. It turned out that his child under one year old had just starved to death. Neighbors sympathize with each other. How can a father not be sad? But Du Fu's sorrow does not stop there. He thinks he still enjoys the privilege of not paying rent and military service. Nowadays, many people in the world are poor and poor, and they are stationed far away for many years. They suffer many times more than themselves! Thought of here, his sorrow has spread throughout Zhong Nanshan and the whole world.
He wrote his journey experience and feelings from Chang 'an to Fengxian as "from Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words". This is an epoch-making masterpiece of Du Fu, which reflects the social reality before the An Shi Rebellion, Du Fu's inner contradictions and his great personality. This is also a summary of Du Fu's ten-year life in Chang 'an. From here, we know that Du Fu surpassed any contemporary poet in both ideological progress and artistic attainments.
He returned to Chang 'an, worked in the government office soon, and An Lushan went to Luoyang. In the first month of 756, claiming to be Emperor Dayan, Du Fu left Chang 'an one month before the fall of Chang 'an.
(Excerpted from Biography of Du Fu, abridged)