Aesthetically speaking, sublime beauty is manifested in the external aspect, which is embodied in magnificent scenes such as tall, vast, majestic and magnificent. German philosopher Kant divided sublimity into two categories: mathematical sublimity, such as the volume of mountains; The sublimity of mechanics, such as the momentum of a storm. Chernyshevski, a famous Russian literary critic, also said: "One thing is much bigger than everything compared with it, and that is sublime." Confucius also linked "greatness" with sublimity and praised: "greatness! Yao is the king. This is embarrassing, only the sky is big, this is just embarrassing. " This kind of sublimity, broadness and magnificence is vividly reflected in the description of mountains and rivers in Chairman Mao's poems. Qinyuanchun Changsha is one of the masterpieces.
The first half of the word focuses on scenery. "Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang North, Orange Island." From the beginning, the author put himself in the broad background of autumn water and sky. At the same time, it also brings readers into a lofty realm of late autumn. Looking from a distance: "The mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed." The author not only saw the maple forest in Yuelu Mountain in front of him, but also thought of the yellow cottonwood in Xiangshan Mountain, Beijing, and countless mountains in the motherland that changed from green to red, such as Ubuntu, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Acer, Quercus, Pistacia chinensis ... The heavy mountains and layers of trees made the god of nature touch the colored pens, making them faint and purple, which was more beautiful than the spring flowers that opened in February. Close-up: "The river is overflowing, and a hundred people are fighting for it." Autumn water is clear, Jiang Bibo is in autumn, and the Xiangjiang River at the foot is more crystal clear in autumn, such as green jade and transparent crystal. On the river, Qian Fan is fighting for hair and crossing, silent and full of vitality. Looking up, "the eagle hits the sky", the cloudless autumn sky in Wan Li, and the eagle is brave and strong, flying freely. Looking from afar, "the fish is fragrant and shallow", because of the transparency and shallow bottom of the river, the fish are swinging their fins and swimming at will. In just four short poems, the author depicts a three-dimensional and vast south of Wan Li with colorful autumn colors, just like Guan Shanyue, a famous contemporary Lingnan painter, with colorful landscapes. It is worthy of being the masterpieces of "driving the mountains and setting your eyes on the sea" (Li Bai's "Dangtu Zhao Yan Shaofu's Painting Landscape Songs") and "Talking about Wan Li" (Du Fu's "Song of Wang Zai's Painting Landscape Pictures"). It and the northern scenery described in the author's other poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" are unprecedented panoramic landscapes in classical poetry.
A glorious period in the prime of life
The sublime beauty is manifested in the inner aspect, which is the reflection of a great and noble mind. Ron Girnus of ancient Rome put forward that sublimity is "the echo of a great mind" in his article On Sublime. The second half of the word focuses on lyricism, which is the expression of this great spiritual echo. This expression is first obtained through memory.
"I took a hundred couples to travel and recall the past years." The author thinks of walking, swimming and talking about world events with classmates and friends, and recalls that unforgettable eventful autumn.
This word was written in the late autumn of 1925. This is when Comrade Mao Zedong left Hunan for Guangzhou, which was the center of the revolution. From 19 1 1 to 1925, Comrade Mao Zedong studied, worked and engaged in revolutionary activities in Changsha for many times. During this period, many important events occurred at home and abroad, such as the Revolution of 1911, the First World War, the October Revolution in Russia, the May 4th Movement, and the establishment of the China * * * Production Party. , are all major changes affecting the world situation. Such years are like a towering historical mountain.
Towering peaks.
"Just classmates and teenagers, in their prime; The scholar was furious and cursed Fang Qiu. " In these troubled times, the author and his classmates, such as Cai Hesen, He Shuheng, Zhang Kundi and other intellectual youths who are determined to save the country, are full of youth, brilliance, vigor and enthusiasm. Does the poet skillfully use Zhuangzi? In Tian Zifang, the artistic conception of "a man is rich enough to look up at the sky, dive into the grave, swing eight poles and keep his spirit unchanged" describes the free and unrestrained mind of young people in the new era liberated from the shackles of old ideas. (Free and unrestrained. Fang Qiu is also full of vigor and vitality. In the past, some people interpreted "reprimand" as a critical refutation and "Fang Qiu" as an expert authority, which is inaccurate. )
"Pointing the way, making bold remarks, manure was in Wan Huhou that year." This is the further concretization of "eventful years" and "reprimanding Fang Qiu". Faced with the beautiful scenery of "all mountains are red all over the place", they not only admire the magnificence of splendid rivers and mountains, but also lament the destruction of great rivers and mountains. Therefore, he published an article to set things right, attacking the darkness, preaching the truth, and despising the "Wan Huhou" at that time-warlords were like dirt. During this period, comrades organized Hunan Students' Federation and Xinmin Society in Changsha, set up evening classes for civilians, cultural bookstores and self-study universities in Hunan, participated in activities against Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor, and led the expulsion of Zhang and other warlords. In particular, the establishment of Xiangjiang Review and Marxist Research Association made ideological and organizational preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party in 192 1. These are not only the specific contents of "pointing out the mountains and rivers, inspiring words, and shit is Wan Huhou in those days", but also the background of writing this word. Understanding this background will help us to further understand the beautiful light of the revolutionary's lofty mind shining in his ci.
Hit the water in the middle of the stream, and the cloud in the tube.
"Young people should take the cloud to heart." (Li He's "To Drink") The poet and his companions' worries about taking clouds, from "traveling with a hundred couples" to "Wan Huhou's past", can be said to be straightforward, surging down like the Yangtze River, magnificent and stirring. At the end, "hitting the water in the middle stream, stopping the boat and not flying" is a symbolic way, vividly expressing the lofty aspirations of a generation of revolutionary youth.
"The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat." One explanation is that "hitting the water" means swimming and rowing hard in the rapids, and the waves even stop the fast-moving boat. I always feel that this artistic conception is not in line with the author's spirit of advocating "hundreds of battles and streams". I prefer the transformation of "mid-stream hitting water", that is, "mid-stream hitting water". Jin Shu? Biography of Zu Ti: Zu Ti swears:' If Zu Ti can't clear the Central Plains, it will be like a big river to help others!' "Later," Zhong Liu Jing "became synonymous with vowing to revive the motherland. Here, it is said that the poet should ride the wind and waves in the tide of the new era, go forward bravely, and swear to revitalize China's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments. After reading it, people seem to hear a heart that loves their country and hometown, and they are pounding, thus feeling the sublime beauty reflected by a great heart.
The artistic expression of China's classical poetry attaches great importance to the blending of scenes. Liu Xie said: "If the taste is complex and indifferent, it will be light." (Wen Xin Diao Long) Xie Zhen said: "Landscape is the medium of poetry, and love is the embryo of poetry; It is a poem, a few words are unified, and the vitality is endless. " The word "Poem Four Styles" has reached the realm of well integrating scenes.
In the first half of the year, although he focused on the scenery, he was full of feelings in the scenery. "The mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed" is not only a portrayal of the surrounding maple forests, but also a reflection of the poet's fiery revolutionary feelings. Red symbolizes revolution, fire and light. Mountains all over the world is a vivid expression of the author's idea that a single spark can start a prairie fire, and it is an optimistic vision for the revolution and the future of the motherland. "The eagle strikes the sky, the fish jumps shallowly, and ten thousand kinds of frost fight for freedom" is the author's yearning and pursuit for freedom and liberation. The sigh of "melancholy, ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs" directly shifts from writing scenery to lyric, which naturally brings out the lyric movement in the second half.
Although the second half focuses on lyricism, there is no lack of scenery in it. Recalling the past eventful years describes the years in an eventful, novel and vivid way, turning the intangible extraordinary years into tangible towering peaks, giving people lofty beauty. "The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat" is also a magnificent picture of bravely breaking the waves. It can be said that the sublime beauty of Qinyuanchun Changsha is interwoven with emotion as the warp and scenery as the weft. It not only enables us to enjoy the artistic enjoyment of magnificent autumn scenery, but also draws confidence and strength from the poet's passionate revolutionary feelings.
"Qinyuanchun? Changsha "paragraph effect.
The whole word is divided into two parts. The scenery in Shangcheng describes the beautiful and spectacular late autumn scenery of Xiangjiang River, expresses the emotion immediately, and puts forward the question of who should dominate the vast land. Xia Kun felt it, vividly summarized the fighting style and heroism of the early proletarian soldiers through memories, and artistically answered the question of "who is in charge of ups and downs"
"Qinyuanchun? Changsha central thought
"Qinyuanchun? The word "Changsha", through the description of autumn scenery in Changsha and the memories of his revolutionary struggle life in his youth, expresses the revolutionary youth's feelings for the destiny of the country and their lofty desire to take the world as their own responsibility, despise reactionary rulers and transform old China.
"Qinyuanchun? Changsha's Writing Characteristics
This word is a lyric of the scenery and a recollection of the past, accompanied by "Ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs?" In a word, up and down. From "Who controls the ups and downs" in Uptown, the lofty aspirations of "the soil of the year" and "fighting for water in the middle stream" in Downtown are derived, which highlights the eventful years of classmates and teenagers and implicitly answers the question of "Who controls the ups and downs": it is such a passionate young man with lofty ideals and courage to struggle who shoulders the heavy responsibility of dominating the earth.
Remember Qin E? Loushanguan
Mao Zedong
1February 935
The west wind is strong, and the geese in the sky are called frost morning moon. First frost morning, horseshoe broken, horn swallowed.
Xiongguan road is as iron as iron, and now it is still one step away from the beginning. From the beginning, Cangshan was like the sea and the sunset was like blood.
Long March
Mao Zedong
The red army is not afraid of the expedition, and Qianshan is just idle. Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills.
Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, and Dadu Bridge is cold with the cross rail. I'm glad to see that Minshan Mountain is covered with snow and stretches for miles. Our soldiers crossed it and showed a bright smile.
Qingpingle? liupanshan
The sky is high and the clouds are light, looking at the flying geese in the south. If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero, but you will fight for 20,000.
At the top of Liupan Mountain, the red flag flutters in the west wind. Holding a long tassel today, when will it be a black dragon?
The appreciation of this word was first published in Poetry Magazine of 1957 1 month.
To annotate ...
Liupanshan is located in the southwest of Guyuan County in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It is the main peak of Liupan Mountain Range, and the narrow mountain road has to circle many times to reach the peak. 1in mid-September, 935, Mao Zedong led the Central Red Army into southern Gansu. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, we broke through the enemy blockade and defeated the enemy cavalry, successfully crossing Liupanshan.
The Great Wall refers to the destination of the Long March.
The original first edition of Red Flag Spectrum, 1963 edition of Poems by Chairman Mao was changed to Red Flag Spectrum.
[Holding a long tassel today, when is the black dragon? Apply Liu Kezhuang's "He Xinlang" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "When did Chang Ying become the Lord of Honor?" The black dragon is an evil soul. "Once"? Zhang Chunchuan's note: "Black Dragon, it's too old." Ancient alchemists took Tai Sui as the fierce side, because they called Tai Sui an evil spirit.
Author's Note: "Black Dragon: Chiang Kai-shek, not Japanese. Because the spirit now is to deal with Chiang Kai-shek, not Japan. "
The People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing.
Zhongshan is windy and rainy, and millions of heroes cross the river. Tiger's dragon card is better than in the past, upside down and generous.
It is advisable to chase after the poor bandits with the remaining courage, not to learn from the overlord. If the sky is sentimental, it will grow old, and the right way in the world is vicissitudes.
The word Mao Zedong first appeared in 19631February's Poems of Chairman Mao published by People's Literature Publishing House.
To annotate ...
Zhongshan: Purple Mountain outside Zhongshan Gate in Nanjing.
On the Dragon Plate: Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan said Jinling in the History of the Three Kingdoms, "Zhong You is the dragon plate and Shicheng is the tiger."
Generosity: Cao Cao's "Short Songs" is "generous and unforgettable."
Pursuing poverty: Sun Tzu's Art of War? There is a saying in the article "Military Debate" that "there is no way to encircle the division".
Overlord: refers to Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty. At the hongmen banquet, he listened to Xiang Bo. "Today's people attack its wickedness with great achievements", and he didn't kill Liu Bang. Later, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought bloody battles for many years, and finally agreed to divide the world with the gap as the boundary. Long live the peace fighters of both sides. Xiang Yu kept his promise and withdrew, but Liu Bang immediately besieged Xiang Yu in treachery, and his men even dismembered Wang Ba of Chu into five pieces. See historical records for deeds? Biography of Xiang Yu.
If the sky is sentimental, the sky is old: this is a poem by Li He, see "Picking Mulberry Seeds?" Notes on Chongyang.
Vicissitudes: short words for vicissitudes. Ge Hong's immortal biography? In Magu, Magu said to Wang, "Since the reception, I have regarded the East China Sea as a mulberry field."
Notes on the title or background of a book.
1On April 20th, 949, the Kuomintang refused to sign a peace agreement. That night, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River from Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province in the east and reached Hukou, Jiangxi Province in the west. On the evening of 23rd, the Third Field Army of East Road Chen Yi occupied Nanking.
Qinyuanchun wormwood
1February 936
Look at what the northern countries have shown: a hundred miles of frozen Go; Thousands of miles of snow. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I only feel embarrassed; When the river rises and falls, it loses momentum. The mountains are like dancing silver snakes, and the highlands are like advancing wax elephants, all trying to match the sky in height. It must be a sunny day, and it is particularly enchanting to see plain clothes wrapped in a red dress.
This land is so beautiful that countless heroes bow to their knees. Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lost literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. Genghis Khan, the hero of the throne, only knows how to draw a bow and shoot arrows. Let bygones be bygones, calculate romantic numbers, and see now?
Comparative Appreciation of Spring in Changsha and Spring and Snow in Qinyuan
Magnificent image and lofty artistic conception
Appreciation of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun Changsha"
Image is a term in China's classical aesthetics, including meaning and image. The meaning here refers to the thoughts and feelings of the creative subject, and the image here refers to the objective image as the creative object. The image of poetry is the fusion of the poet's thoughts and feelings and objective images, while the artistic conception is the artistic realm of poetry created by the combination of various images. Mao Zedong's Qin Changsha is not only rich in content, but also magnificent, with magnificent pictures, magnificent images and lofty artistic conception. The author thinks that if we appreciate this word from the perspective of image beauty, we may find another way to accurately grasp the ideological content and artistic characteristics of this word.
The image beauty of the word "Qinyuanchun Changsha" is highlighted in the choice of scenery. The author has a broad vision, and the selected scenery is either vast, magnificent or majestic. Take the word "look" as an example. There are "layers of forests" in the mountains, "hundred ge" in the river, eagles in the air and fish in the water. Judging from the state of the scenery, there are static flaming maple forests, as well as dynamic "rushing" and "rushing" and so on. The author from a distance to a close view, from looking up to looking down, the sky is high and wide, the mountains are red and the water is green, "cage the heavens and the earth in shape, and frustrate everything in writing" (Lu Ji's Wen Fu).
The author's choice of scenery is largely restricted by his conception, and the poems of ancient literati such as "mourning for autumn", "hurting autumn" and "sighing autumn" are determined by their specific meanings. For example, in Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si, the meaning is "heartbroken people are at the end of the world", and the selected images are naturally "dead vines", "old trees", "faint crows" and "thin horses". Du Fu's "Climbing to the Top" bases its meaning on "Wan Li mourns autumn" and "coming through all the hardships", and the images taken naturally cannot be separated from "mourning for apes" and "falling trees". Mao Zedong's ideas are positive and enterprising, and the "elephants" he takes are naturally vibrant scenery, such as mountains, layered forests, white doves, eagles, swimming fish and so on.
The image beauty of the word "Qinyuanchun Changsha" is also reflected in the expression of images. The choice of image is very important, but the expression of image should be more ingenious. The images in the poet's works should not be objective sketches, but "images full of life" (Kandi). Mao Zedong in "Qinyuanchun? In Changsha, in order to inject more life into the selected objective images, great attention is paid to the expression of objects, such as a group of objects headed by the word "look" in Shanghai Beach, in which "mountains are everywhere", "layers are stacked", "people" and "everywhere". The poet not only shows the beauty of static scenery of mountains, red, water and green, but also deliberately describes the dynamic magnificence of things. The word "struggle" in "Hundred Struggles" adds a high-spirited and enterprising atmosphere to the green and dust-free river surface, vividly showing the warm scene of Qian Fan's struggle for beauty. Because of the use of two creative and expressive verbs "strike" and "Xiang" in "Eagle Strikes the Sky", it accurately and vividly depicts the agility of the eagle flying in the sky of Wan Li and the joy and freedom of the fish swimming in the crystal clear river. If "strike" and "Xiang" are replaced by "fly" and "swim", the agility of an eagle when it spreads its wings and flies cannot be expressed. The poet's use of the word "quiet" in "Ten Thousand Frosts Fight for Freedom" strongly highlights the vitality of everything in the cold autumn, making people feel the poet's infinite love for nature and sincere praise.
The image body of Qinyuanchun Changsha Ci is now in the combination of images. The connotation of poetic artistic conception is not only contained in one image, but also reflected in the combination of images. When creating poems, poets often combine single images into organic, spatio-temporal and hierarchical pictures according to the law of beauty, so that they have the functions of coherence, contrast, contrast and suggestion, show readers colorful life pictures and convey colorful thoughts and feelings. Poets often use many methods to realize the combination of images. Mao Zedong mainly used juxtaposition and radiation in Spring in Changsha Garden.
The juxtaposition of poetic images, like the montage of focal plane, mainly juxtaposes individual images with each other in the form of juxtaposition, thus forming the "beauty of compound images" of the whole word, that is, the beauty of combination. A group of image group, always headed by the word "Kan" in "Shanghai Beach", is in a parallel relationship as a whole. Poets combine images in a parallel way, pay attention to dynamic and static collocation, and combine far and near, thus forming a colorful "Xiangjiang Autumn Color Map". Another example is the past lives recalled in the second poem, which are also juxtaposed in pairs, highlighting the spirit of young revolutionaries to make progress and dare to do things, and depicting a lively "picture scroll of young students" for us.
The radiation of poetic images refers to "radiating" around one of the group images to form a image group. Take the seven sentences of the word "look" as an example. Under the radiation of the central image "ten thousand kinds of frosty days", images such as "mountains", "layered forests", "white pigeons", "eagles" and "swimming fish" are formed, and the two juxtaposed composite images of "pointing out the mountains and inspiring words" in Xiatan are also elegant. From the whole word, the central image should be the "I" of "independent and cold autumn", and other images are formed under the "radiation" of this central image. Here, people who look at the scenery with a broad mind will become "scenery" and a magnificent "great man map"!
Abstract: Mao Zedong created a lofty artistic conception and formed a magnificent picture in "Qinyuanchun Changsha". Typical images, vivid expressions and ingenious image combinations make this word have a strong aesthetic effect.
Appreciation of Spring Snow in Qinyuan
First, the scene blends and the narrative is integrated.
This word is divided into two parts, each with its own emphasis, but closely linked and integrated. Writing about the scenery in the uptown, every sentence is affectionate. When describing the symbols of the Great Wall, rivers, mountains and plateaus, he devoted himself to patriotism and praised the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The following comments, combined with lyricism, inject the feeling of praising contemporary heroes when commenting on ancient emperors and contemporary heroes. Shangque's scenery writing is the basis of Xiaque's lyric theory and the inevitable result of Shangque's scenery writing. In this way, the author praised the magnificent rivers and mountains and the heroes of the proletarian revolution by combining scenery writing, lyricism and discussion.
Second, the words are precise, vivid and accurate.
The words used in this word are very precise. For example, "Busy", "Wei" and "Dun" in Duntuo are all adverbs, which play a role of modification and restriction. The word "Wei" emphasizes that whiteness is the only sight, and nothing else can be seen. The word "dun" in the sentence emphasizes the sudden loss of momentum of the waves rolling up and down the Yellow River, and highlights the speed at which it is freezing in cold weather and the river freezes. Another example is the verbs "dance" and "eat". Dance, dancing and flying, describes the twists and turns of snow-covered mountains like "silver snakes"; "Chi", Mercedes-Benz, running, describe the snow-covered mountains galloping like giant elephants. These two verbs are used vividly, making the snow-covered alpine plateau lifelike, giving the static scenery dynamic and full of vitality. This word is not only concise, but also skillfully uses rhetorical methods such as metaphor, personification and duality. The above-mentioned "mountain dancing silver snake" and "original wax elephant" are clever metaphors. It is more imaginative and accurate to compare the magnificent scene of red sun and white snow as a girl in red. The word "desire" personifies "mountain" and "original", vividly writing their ambitious mental outlook and high-spirited spirit.
Mao Zedong since the note:
Xue: Anti-feudalism was criticized in 2000.
Literary talent, coquettish, and big carvings can only be like this, knowing that the Lord is writing poetry! Can we abuse these people? It's wrong not to explain.
The last three sentences refer to the proletariat.