This seven-character poem was written by the author when he built a house in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu. Du Fu went through difficulties and obstacles in Qin Zhou and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the support of friends, he built a drawing room in Huanhuaxi Village in 760 last year, which gave him a temporary shelter. The author's original note "I like Cui Mingjia" basically reveals the theme of the poem. Happiness is a conative use of adjectives. Mingfu is the honorific title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. Cui Mingfu is Du Fu's uncle (Introduction to Tang and Song Poetry, Sui Huijuan Peking University Publishing House, p. 87). Therefore, this poem mainly shows the joy of the guests when they arrive.
The first sentence of the first couplet, "I am in the north, I am in the south, and the spring water overflows", is considered by most commentators as Huanhuaxi embracing the thatched cottage and showing the beautiful environment of the thatched cottage to show the author's joy. But it's hard to understand why Yishui is surrounded by north and south. Maybe there is a river in the north and a river in the south of the thatched cottage. The word "Du" can best convey the author's feelings. He doesn't praise the spring water everywhere, but uses the word "all" to reflect his faint sadness. "Spring water" is often used as images of "melancholy", "melancholy" and "leaving sorrow" in ancient poems. A rising tide lifts all boats in spring, and the author's worries are like spring water. This can be exemplified by many ancient poems, such as "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords, we raise our glasses to eliminate our worries" (Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie? Uncle Yun), "Wu Shan is a little sad when the Bianhe Surabaya flows to Guazhou Ancient Ferry" (Bai Juyi's Sauvignon Blanc), "Sadness is getting farther and farther, as far as spring water" (Ouyang Xiu's Walking on the Sand), "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river? "All" shows that despite the beautiful scenery and elegant environment next to Huanhuaxi, the author is still worried about his livelihood and home, which makes him "cut and disorderly". The second sentence "I have only seen seagulls day after day", but, just, just means. Flocks of seagulls and ducks. In ancient poetry, it often symbolizes a hermit, and the author can only see flocks of seagulls every day. Literally, it shows that the author is tired of the boring scenery. In fact, the environment around the thatched cottage is rich and beautiful. "Castanopsis kawakamii forest hinders the sun from singing leaves, and bamboo smoke drips out" ("Cheng Tang"), "Huangsi's maiden is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low. Butterflies dance from time to time, and the charming Yinger just cries (the second quatrain of "Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside"). "Flowers are blooming around the riverside, and the steps are dangerous and fearful of spring" (ibid.). Circumstances are born from the heart, which implies the author's dissatisfaction with helpless and closed life. Although it is said that "I gradually like to make friends, and I don't need fame to live in seclusion", Du Fu, who is "stealing chickens and touching dogs", has always had the ideal of "being loyal to the monarch and then changing customs". How could he want to live in seclusion? Before the arrival of this couplet, the scenery written was "sad scenery", which has been stored for the full text, with sadness as the happy lining and sadness as the happy lining.
"My road is full of petals-I swept it without anyone else, and my thatched door has been closed-but now it is open for you", followed by the first couplet to write the location, vision, close-up and good views. Click on the topic "The guests have arrived". Holding hands with my uncle, because they are close relatives, they are different from ordinary people and a little close. Because the author is very happy, he should be modest: the path covered with flowers and plants on both sides is a bit messy because of your arrival; Chai Men, which has been closed all the year round, opens for you for the first time today. Uncle and even relatives, unlike others, Jia Kelinmen can speak his mind, tell the truth, and have no scruples and nothing to hide, which makes the author extremely happy. The author has numerous banquets in the thatched cottage and often has friends. If they were ordinary friends, the author wouldn't be so happy. In addition, the author and his neighbors get along well both in Chengdu and Chengdu, and "Pengmen" will not be closed normally. "Apart from the smoke and dust in Jinli, there are eight or nine villages in Jiangcun" (For Agriculture) shows that there are eight or nine villages in this place after all. "At dusk in Qingzhu Village, Baisha, send a new moonlight to Chai Men" (in the south), "I hoe exotic dishes myself, and pick small ones for love" (there are guests), "A guest will stay for a long time, and a pedant will eat for a hundred years" (guests arrive). What's more, there is Gao Shi (Gao Pengzhou), a senior official in Sichuan. At this point, it is self-evident why the author is particularly happy with Cui Mingfu's arrival. After so many wars, so many events and singing with friends, the author can only suppress his deep sadness. "I am worried about Li Yuan in my poor years, and I am sighing in my intestines." Maybe only when my uncle comes can I pour out my heart.
The couplet on the neck reads: "It's far from the market, I can't give you much, but in my cottage, we have old wine in our cups." This is the life scene of the banquet between the host and the guest, and it turns to casual hospitality, which shows that the bearer is a close relative and does not need to be taken care of. Perhaps it was speculation in conversation, or Du Fu's depressed mood, and the atmosphere was very harmonious. The last sentence is "the market is long, and I can't give you much". Why? Also, Shen Shi's food (Comments on Poems in Past Dynasties edited by Wang Wenkun, China Bookstore, Beijing, page 346), food and cooked food. Without these two flavors, it means that there is no second flavor. It's so simple because we live too far from the market. This is just the author's self-mockery before the opening remarks, but it is actually the common sense of the host's life. It cannot be inferred that Du Fu lived in poverty. On the contrary, it implies that there is no need to make arrangements for this special guest. Otherwise, it will be difficult to understand "picking vegetables small and affectionate", "hanging a basket of fruits on the wall and asking the children to cook fish" ("passers-by ask for help") and "the turtle who delivers fish next door asks me how many I can come" (five songs in Chunjiang Village). Especially the next sentence, "However, in my hut, we still have old wine in our cups", because the family is poor and has no money to buy wine, they have to take out their own old wine. The author tried his best to persuade wine, and talked while drinking. The more he drank, the happier he became, and the more he talked, the more he enjoyed himself. Cao Cao once said that "Du Kang is the only solution", but Li Bai said that "it is more worrying to drown one's sorrows by drinking". Wine is just a reference, and it is the original intention to use it as a medium to pour out and pour out. Although the author once said that "a neighbor has good wine, and a young child can get credit at night" (two poems "Send a Message"), the implication of this sentence is still to write about the joy of the arrival of relatives, and to set off friendship with the thinness of "food and wine".
Tail joint, "should we call my old neighbor to join us and call the remaining cups through the fence?" Push your joy and excitement to a climax. After the injustice of the lawsuit ended, the depressed mood began to stretch, and the affair was vented, making it even more unscrupulous. The tone of lyricism is "sadness" versus "joy" and "thinness" versus "thickness", which has accumulated a good momentum. Through detailed description, this connection makes the feeling of happiness leap from the page. The tone is "bright and clear" and high. The last sentence, "Do you want to gather my elderly neighbor together", is to ask the guests' opinions. The word "Ken" also has a hypothetical meaning, that is, "Ruken" (Du's essays, Sichuan People's Publishing House, written by Cao Mufan, p. 266). If you are willing to drink with your old neighbors. The implication is that the author and these neighbors often drink together, but they are strangers to the guests. If they are willing to entertain, they will come at once. "Go to the south to find a drinking partner, and you will have an empty bed ten days later" ("Seven quatrains on the riverside, looking for flowers alone"). There are often wine companions, and the author himself often bothers others. It is natural to invite them over now, as long as the guests are willing. The next sentence is "Call him through the fence and empty the jar?" Echo the first couplet and complete the beginning and end of the thought. You don't need to invite him in person, but you will shout over the fence. At this point, Du Fu's relationship with his neighbors and unrestrained friendship with his guests are obvious.
To sum up, the author of this seven-character poem does not complain about the lack of friends, but shows his determination to live in seclusion; Nor did he show the loneliness of living in Jiangcun. From the text itself, it is to express Cui Mingfu's joy when he visited him. What is more evident in this is that no matter how many hardships he has experienced and how difficult his life is, he is always "humble and dare not forget his country." It's just that after the pain, his inner depression has nowhere to tell. Whether you are living in seclusion or drinking with friends, it is inevitable to be blocked in your heart, but the arrival of your uncle is different, and there is joy between the lines. No matter "sadness" as the background of "joy" or "thinness" as the background of friendship, it is in line with common sense of life and full of interest. ■