A famous sentence in Ode to Dongshan: Sorry, I brought a prostitute to Dongtu Mountain. I am a prostitute now, and he is a prostitute in the grave.
On the theme of Li Bai's female poems
No.6, 2006 Author: ● Cheng
Li Bai is a talented poet bred by the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His extraordinary self-confidence and conceit, arrogant independent personality, bold and free-spirited bearing and romantic feelings of free creation fully reflect the character and spiritual outlook of scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poetry creation is full of surging passion and imaginative imagination, which is both magnificent and unpredictable, and the artistic conception is natural and beautiful. In particular, his female poetry creation shows exquisite art of language use and rich social connotation. Li Bai's women's poems enthusiastically praised the fine character of working women, deeply sympathized with the unfortunate experiences of ancient women, and strongly criticized the cruelty of the ruling class to women. The immortal value of these female poems lies in that they truly reflect the feudal society in China, especially the real life of women in the Tang Dynasty. This paper makes a simple analysis of the theme and content of her female poems.
When evaluating Li Bai's poems, Wang Anshi once said that Li Bai's poems are "ten poems about women and wine", which shows that Li Bai has many poems about women. According to statistics, there are more than 900 poems by Li Bai, including more than 250 poems about women. Basically, there is one poem about women for every four poems. The theme types of Li Bai's female poems include the following aspects:
First, Bixing style
In Li Bai's poems, the humanity of female images is weakened and the politics is more prominent. Mainly through the love relationship between men and women and the attachment relationship between king and courtiers, the love between men and women has a similar relationship with the love between king and courtiers through its uncertainty. This kind of poems can be divided into two categories: one is to express Li Bai's attachment to the king directly with the attachment between men and women. take for example
"Antique" 27 "How can I be a gentleman?"
The sixth part of "Feeling Xing": "Ann can afford to be a gentleman, * * * take a threesome?"
The first part of "Mi Bai Ci": "Yang Qingsong, with white teeth, is beautiful in the north and east. And sing white and stop green water, and have long sleeves and a thin face. "
Second: "At midnight, Wu Ge touched your heart, touched your heart and rewarded you. He is willing to be a pair of mandarin ducks in the sky and on the ground, and fly to Qingyun once. " Wait a minute.
First, it is a metaphor that men and women are lovelorn and women are abandoned to show something in return. For example:
"How long can it take to convince people with color?" (Antique 44)
"Your Majesty loves Emei, but he has no choice but to kill people in the palace." ("Yu Hu Yin")
"I have been jealous of Emei since ancient times, and Hu Sha buried his teeth." ("Picking Flowers in Khotan")
Second, poems that blame women.
Poems about women can be divided into two parts: Gong's Poems about Women and in my heart forever's Poems about Women.
(1) palace hatred poetry. It mainly describes the regional and spiritual survival dilemma of a large number of isolated women in the harem. Li Bai wrote many such poems. For example, there are two songs about resentment, Nagato's Resentment, Changxin Palace, and Zhongshan's Song of My Concubine. Among them, Nagato's complaint is the most popular.
A cloud:
The sky belongs to Beidou and hangs on the west building, and there is no firefly in the golden house.
Moonlight wants to reach Nagato Hall, so don't worry about the palace.
The second cloud:
The long sorrow in Guidian does not remember spring, and the golden house has autumn dust.
Hanging in the clear sky at night, people take photos alone in Nagato Palace.
First, there are no characters in the whole scene, the feelings in the scene emerge on the paper, and the people outside the painting are ready to come out. The first two paragraphs of the poem are midnight, the season is cool autumn, and the place is empty and cold. This gives people an unusually bleak feeling. The last two sentences, "If you want to go to Nagato Palace by moonlight, don't worry in the palace for a while", subtly lead to melancholy by moonlight. This is the imperial secretary who is sad when he sees the moon or the moonlight shining on the sad person. But these two poems do not allow characters to appear, saying that sadness is "made" by moonlight. The implication is that in the deep palace, the sorrow is as deep as the sea, and the moonlight shines everywhere, so going to the long hall is just a "stop it" sorrow. From the perspective of the whole poem, what is presented to the readers is a picture of a deep palace on a moonlit night, with the horizontal slope of bucket handle as the perspective and the fireflies in an empty house as the close-up view. The realm is so gloomy and cold that you can imagine the suffering and lovesickness of people in the deep palace.
Secondly, the beginning of "Gui Dian's long sorrow does not remember spring" not only reveals "sorrow", but also "long sorrow", which means that the people in the poem are not worried because of the bleak scenery of the current autumn night, but are worried all year round. Even if spring comes to the earth and everything recovers, it can't alleviate the sadness at all; Because of her sadness, she can't feel spring, or even remember it. It can be seen that the spiritual life of this palace maid is in deep trouble. This "Nagato Palace Man" has a unique feeling about seasons, environment and moonlight. Spring comes year after year, saying "I don't remember spring" seems that spring hasn't come for a long time; The dust in the house does not belong to any season, but "autumn dust" gives the dust a bleak sense of season; The bright moon hangs high in the sky, shining on all beings, and saying "independence" is like "the meaning of the moon is bitter." Through this description, the readers are presented with the miserable situation that the vast number of ladies-in-waiting live a lonely and desolate life in the deep palace of hell on earth, which reveals the corner of the cold feudal system.
(2) poetry that will always be in my heart. The poem "in my heart forever" mainly describes the physiological and psychological life state of women who are waiting to be married in boudoir or whose husbands are not around. Li Bai's poems about forever in my heart are relatively more than those about palaces. For example, Yu Jiefen, Green Water Song, Antique, Crying at Night, Farewell, Spring Thoughts, Donation, Ba Nv Ci, Long March, Loneliness, Popular in the North, Homesick Border, Learning from the Past.
Details such as "Crying at Night": "The sky near Huang Yuncheng wants to live, and it cries on the dumb branches. In the machine, Jin Qinchuan is female, and the blue yarn is like smoke. Stop the shuttle and remember the distant people. The window is empty and tears are raining. " In the sentence "The brocade in the machine is Qinchuan woman, and the blue gauze in the window is like smoke", the poet did not make any specific description of the appearance and dress of Qinchuan woman (Qinchuan woman refers to a thoughtful woman who represents her husband in Guanzhong area of Tang Dynasty), only let you stand outside her boudoir, vaguely see her lonely figure and hear her low voice through the smoky blue screen window in the twilight. What makes people feel this way is not the appearance of Qinchuan's daughter, but her heart, her thoughts and feelings. "Stop the shuttle and remember the distant people, the window is empty, and tears are raining." A woman locked in a boudoir has her heart firmly tied to her husband far away. Sadness and depression can't be solved. Recalling the love I once had, feeling the loneliness at this time, and all kinds of thoughts come to mind, how can I not "cry like rain"! Liao Liao's numerals vividly show the psychological living state of "Qinchuan woman".
In addition, many poems of in my heart forever are exquisitely written, fresh and lovely. For example, the fifth time in "Yue Nv Ci": the lotus picker in the west field, seeing the guest singing back. He smiled and hid in the lotus, pretending to be ashamed.
See Jade Family for details: "Her jade steps are cold and dew, and she soaks socks at night. Behind her closed window, why is she still waiting, looking at the glory of the autumn moon through the crystal glass? Although the title of this poem is marked with the word "resentment", the poem is only painted on the back, and the word "resentment" is not seen at all. Build quiet and independent steps and let the cold dew soak the socks, which shows the depth of the night, the long standing and the deep resentment. Deep resentment, late at night, I can't help being lonely, from outside to inside, but behind the curtain, I can't stand the loneliness of the bright moon. Like the moon has pity on people, as people have pity on the moon. If people don't accompany the moon, what can they accompany? The moon is silent, and people are silent, just looking at the moon blindly. This resentment is deeper than resentment. The whole poem can't see the posture and psychological state of the characters, and the poet seems indifferent, only seeing the meaning through the movements of the characters, so it shows its subtle meaning and dreamy aftertaste.
Third, geisha poems.
Li Bai spent most of his life roaming around the world. His lonely journey to the end of the world is bound to lack his wife's emotional comfort. Therefore, he sometimes indulges in drinking and courting prostitutes to satisfy his emotional lack. Therefore, prostitutes and wine are common images in his poems. Such as Yang Rebel, Showing Jin Lingzi, Six or Four Poems of Jin Lingzi as a Prostitute, Seeing Prostitutes in Handan Nange, Sending Beauty to Strangers, Sending a Section to Qi Niang, Drinking, Taking Prostitutes to the Peach Blossom Garden in Xiashan, Liangqi, and Seeing Prostitutes in Wesma House during the Water Army Banquet, etc. , are very happy to describe. Yang Rebellion is rich in poetic imagery and strong in life. For example, in the poem, "Crows gradually stop crowing after returning to their nests, and live sweetly among willow flowers." This place is full of scenery and fun. "Drunkenness" certainly does not exclude drunkenness, but also includes the intoxication of tenderness between men and women, which shows the intense love and the interest like a duck to water to the fullest. The singer in Yang Rebellion persuaded him to get drunk, which made the tone of life more cheerful and romantic, and also set off the social reality of economic prosperity and relatively liberated social atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, other female themes.
Due to his long-term wandering abroad, Li Bai wrote many poems about his wife out of concern and yearning for her. For example, in the 19th year of Kaiyuan, a poet in Chang 'an wrote to Mrs. Xu in Anlu, "... in the jade window, you can make clouds with your hands. Playing this meaningful song, I have a daughter Luo ... "(the first part of Twelve Clouds) praised my wife's beauty, versatility and lingering love for herself. "In Xunyang" was written by Li Bai to his wife when he was in Xunyang prison: "I don't know if I cry, but I will cry into the house. Many gentlemen and Cai Yan invited Tsao Gong with tears in their eyes. Knowing what happened to Wu, there is no difference between pity and death. Rugged stone road, folded into Qingyun. If you lament when you meet each other, the mourning field can be heard. " In the poem, Cai Yan is used as a metaphor for the guru, and the behavior and feelings of the guru running around to save himself from prison are written. Li Bai was the earliest poet in the Tang Dynasty who expressed the deep affection between husband and wife in his poems. In Yue Nv's five poems, the poet described a group of girls living in the water town in the south of the Yangtze River with praise: the simplicity and innocence of barefoot girls who don't need fishtail socks and have frosty feet, the boldness and amorous feelings of girls who flirt with their eyes, and the shyness, admiration and heartbreak of girls who pick lotus flowers shyly. Li Bai's description does not contrast with the description of stone, but focuses on their naturalness and purity, which has the aesthetic characteristics of "clear water produces hibiscus and natural carving"
Li Bai also has some poems describing Yang Guifei, expressing her beauty, affection and affection. For example, in the first song of "Three Songs of Qingping Tune", Mu Shaoyao and Yang Guifei wrote together interactively. Flowers are people, people are flowers, and flowers and flowers are integrated. The poem "The cloud needs clothes, the flowers need capacity" describes that Yang Guifei's clothes are really like skirts and feathers, surrounding her plump jade capacity. "The spring breeze blows the threshold and the flowers are like flowers." Beautiful peony flowers are more beautiful in the crystal dew, but also make people look more energetic. At the same time, the poet does not show traces, and compares Yang Guifei to a heavenly daughter, which is really exquisite. The second song is supported by the depressed goddess and Yan Fei, Yang Guifei. The third song returns to reality from the fairyland ancients. Yang Guifei is "the beauty of dumping the country", combining peony with "dumping the country" into one "two-phase happiness", and then unifying "watching with a smile", so that peony, Yang Guifei and Xuanzong are naturally integrated. "Aquilaria pavilion languishes in the north" is spent outside the fence, making people languid. How elegant and interesting. These three poems are rich in language and fluent in words, which integrate flowers with people. This makes people feel that the spring breeze is full of paper, the flowers are full of eyes, the face is blurred, the beauty is like jade, and the beauty of Yang Guifei is vividly on the paper.
In a word, a brief look at the themes and characters described in Li Bai's female poems shows that most of the female images in Li Bai's female poems are praised and eulogized by Li Bai, which are entrusted with Li Bai's own life ideals and pursuits, and externalized with the shadow of the times, psychology and Li Bai's own personality. Therefore, from another aspect, it shows Li Bai's unique personality, strong sense of care and equality; It also shows the joys and sorrows of women's life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty from another aspect.