Ghost ship flaunts the original work of the Pacific Opium War (poem)
Opium in Britain, America and Russia
Like a ghost
Quietly landed on the land of the Qing Dynasty.
From this time on.
Silver keeps fleeing abroad with smoke.
The remains of Qing dynasty
Skinny
Deteriorating
From high officials to soldiers
From soldiers to ordinary people
Yawns followed.
Daoguang is desperate.
Give Fang Shangjian to Lin Zexu.
So Qing can also practice with cannons.
I have been hoarse for a long time.
Therefore, the river at the Pearl River Port is as calm as ever.
Lin zexu. Deng tingzhen. Guan Tianpei.
Like three sharp knives.
The throat of an opium dealer.
Opium dealers were terrified and lost their loved ones.
A shocking 2.3 million Jin of opium was handed over.
June 1839
Daqing. Humen beach
The Qing people watched the Opium War in Humen, which was very popular.
…………
June 1840
The English Union Jack has an immortal heart.
Appear in the Pacific Ocean.
British warships broke into the Pearl River Estuary.
Launched an appalling opium war.
……
The British devils invaded Dinghai County.
North to Haikou, Tianjin
..................................................................................................................................................................................
In my panic, I lost all my face.
Put Lin Zexu's black veil on the head of the traitor Qishan by mistake.
Daoguang sat in the court.
The Englishman blew his beard and stared at Qishan in Guangzhou.
So the cowardly and daring traitor Qi Shan.
I personally signed the "acrid draft agreement" to cede land and pay compensation.
……
Daoguang suddenly felt dull on his face.
Decided to fight Britain
But he keeps making mistakes.
I sent another Yishan in Adou who had no money to help.
Command the army
A weakened body.
Continue to get hurt
Guan Tianpei, a lonely hero, died in Haiphong.
Fortunately, there are Sanyuanli people and Ningbo Blackwater Party.
Left him some face.
However, the total defeat of the Qing Dynasty is a foregone conclusion.
Don't be sad.
……
Qing became the mouth of Britain, France and the United States.
Eat whatever you want.
a piece
fat meat
From this time on.
The blue sky is full of historical haze.
How many people are still in their hearts?
Network patriotic passion
2. About the Second Opium War. Second Opium War (1856-1860)
Anglo-French invasion:
After the First Opium War, the strongest desire of capitalist powers is still to expand their aggressive rights and interests in China. 185 1 After the Taiping Revolution broke out, the powers thought it was an excellent opportunity to step up their aggression against China. Britain, France and the United States made two requests to amend the treaty in 1854 and 1856, and Russia will also respond. The request of the four countries to amend the treaty was not approved by the Qing government, so they were determined to seize an opportunity and use it as an excuse to wage war. 1856 Britain and France launched a war of aggression against China on the pretext of boating and Father Ma.
The Second Opium War lasted more than four years, from June 1856 to June 1860+0 1. The people of China fought bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the aggressors. However, due to the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government, the war ended in China's failure. During the war, wherever the British and French allied forces went, they burned, killed and looted, doing all kinds of evil, which caused the Chinese nation to suffer again. 1860,10,000 In June, 2000, the British and French allied forces looted and burned the Yuanmingyuan Garden, a garden with thousands of gardens. The invaders also had to admit that "in this way, we destroyed the most precious wealth in the world in the most barbaric way ... You can't imagine how magnificent this palace is, let alone the French and British troops ravaged this place".
Russian aggression:
After the Opium War, the Qing government was busy dealing with foreign colonists and suppressing the Taiping Revolution, resulting in the emptiness of the northern border defense. Russia has stepped up its occupation and illegal occupation of many strategic places in the Heilongjiang River basin and south of Lake Balkhash, and has been looking for opportunities to fix the occupied territory of China in the form of treaties. 1856, the British and French allied forces attacked Guangzhou, and appointed Putyatin as the minister to negotiate the border issue with the Qing government. 1858 in may, Siberian governor Muraviev was captured by British and French allied forces, and forced Heilongjiang general Yishan to sign the sino-Russian love-fainting treaty by force. According to this treaty, Russia occupied more than 600,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains. At the same time, China's territory of about 400,000 square kilometers east of the Wusuli River was divided into two countries.
1860165438+10 In October, after the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Britain, the British and French allied forces began to withdraw from Beijing. Russian ambassador to China Ignachev used "successful mediation" as an excuse to put forward new territorial claims. On June 4, 65438, the Qing government signed the Beijing Treaty with Russia, ceding 400,000 square kilometers of land east of Wusuli River to Russia, opening Kashgar as a commercial port, and setting up consulates in Kashgar and Cullen. At the same time, Russia also imposed its proposed western border direction on China. 1864, Russia forced the Qing government to conclude the Northwest Border Reconnaissance Contract, which occupied 440,000 square kilometers of land east of Kashi Lake in Dzhambar, and became the biggest beneficiary during the Second Opium War.
Treaty signing:
1In May of 858, the British and French allied forces invaded Dagu Fort and threatened to attack Beijing. On June 23, the Qing government was forced to sign the Tianjin Treaty with Britain, France, Russia and the United States. Main contents: Minister in Beijing; Open Niuzhuang, Dengzhou, Tainan, Danshui, Chaozhou, Qiongzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing and Zhenjiang as trading ports; Foreign merchant ships can freely enter the trading ports along the Yangtze River; Foreigners can travel to the mainland on business; Foreign missionaries can preach freely in the mainland; China paid 6 million taels of silver to Britain and France. 1860 10, British and French invaders occupied Beijing. The invaders threatened to burn down the Forbidden City, forcing the Qing government to sign the Beijing Treaty between China and Britain, China and France, and China and Russia as a supplement to the Tianjin Treaty. The added clauses include: opening Tianjin as a commercial port; Divide Kowloon into Britain; Allow foreigners to buy and sell people in China; The confiscated Catholic church property will be returned, and French missionaries can rent and buy fields to build churches at will in various provinces; The reparations to Britain and France each increased to 8 million taels of silver.
As soon as the Beijing Treaty was signed, ministers such as Britain, France and Russia immediately said that as long as the Qing government "fulfilled the treaty" seriously, it could get "any assistance". 186 1, 1 year, the Qing government established the "Office of the Prime Minister for International Affairs". 1862 65438+ In October, the Qing government decided on the policy of "borrowing teachers to help suppress". Since then, reactionary forces at home and abroad have colluded with each other to suppress the revolutionary struggle of the people of China, and China has fallen deeper and deeper on the semi-colonial and semi-feudal road.
3. The Second Opium War (1856~ 1860) was a war of aggression against China jointly launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States.
It was named because its essence was the continuation and expansion of the Opium War, also known as the war between Britain and France. Motivation and Background After the Opium War, western capitalist powers invaded China one after another.
However, they are not satisfied with the privileges and benefits they have obtained, and deliberately step up their violation of China's sovereignty and economic plunder. 1854, the 12th anniversary of the signing of treaty of nanking.
Britain misinterpreted the provisions of the Wang Xia Treaty 12 years later that trade and sea areas could be slightly changed, invoked the MFN clause, and demanded a comprehensive revision of the treaty of nanking from the Qing government. The main contents are as follows: trade throughout China, legalization of opium trade, exemption of import and export goods from customs duties, and the presence of foreign minister in Beijing.
France and the United States also requested to amend the treaty respectively. The Qing government refused and the negotiations were fruitless.
1856, the Wang Xia treaty expired for 12 years. With the support of Britain and France, the United States once again asked for a comprehensive revision of the treaty, but it was still rejected by the Qing government.
Therefore, the western powers are determined to launch a new war of aggression against China. It was the spring of 2008, and the Crimean War was over.
With the victory of Britain and France, more troops were transferred to China. Russia was defeated and tried to make up for the loss by invading China.
The United States actively expanded outward and adopted the policy of collaborating with Britain and France to invade China. 1844 Article 34 of the Wang Xia Treaty between China and the United States stipulates that "all trade and sea areas may be slightly changed, and it shall be handled fairly by the two countries after 12 years."
According to the principle of benefit sharing, Britain, France and the United States proposed to amend the treaty twice in 1854 and 1856, and Russia also took the opportunity to seek benefits. However, the request of the four countries to amend the treaty was not allowed by the Qing government, and the powers began to find excuses to send more troops.
185 1 After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom broke out, the powers thought it was a good opportunity to grab benefits from China. After the First Opium War, the anti-foreign activities of Guangdong people occurred from time to time.
At that time, Ye, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi and Minister of Trade for Five Ports, took a tacit attitude and ignored all foreign complaints. [edit this paragraph] fuse18561kloc-0/0 In October, Britain used the "yarrow incident" as an excuse for war.
Arrow is a China ship. It was registered with the British authorities in Hong Kong for smuggling, but it has expired. On October 8th, 65438/kloc-0, Guangdong navy arrested several pirates and suspected sailors on the Yarrow.
This is purely an internal affair of China and has nothing to do with Britain. At the behest of the British Ambassador to China, the British acting consul in Guangzhou wrote to the Governor of Guangdong and Hong Kong, Ye, saying that the Arrow was a British ship, and fabricated a story that China soldiers insulted the British flag flying on the ship, demanding the release of the arrested persons and apologizing.
At first, Ye Chenming argued, but later compromised and sent all the prisoners to the British consulate. In order to further expand the situation, Parkes was critical and refused to accept it.
10 year 10 on 23rd, the British ship suddenly broke into the estuary of Humen and attacked the battery along the Pearl River, flagrantly provoking a war of aggression. Then, the British army shelled Guangzhou and once invaded the inner city.
The local soldiers and civilians bravely resisted. Due to the shortage of troops, the British army was forced to withdraw from the Pearl River inland river in June 1857+ 10, waiting for reinforcements.
Signing the Treaty * * * Article 56 of the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty, with annexes; The Sino-French Tianjin Treaty consists of 42 articles, with about 6 articles attached. The main contents are as follows: ① the minister is stationed in Beijing; Niuzhuang (later renamed Yingkou), Dengzhou (later renamed Yantai), Taiwan Province Province (later renamed Tainan), Danshui, Chaozhou (later renamed Shantou), Qiongzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanjing and Zhenjiang were turned into trading ports; (3) allowing foreign missionaries to enter the mainland to preach freely; (4) Foreigners should travel and trade in the Mainland; ⑤ Foreign merchant ships can sail in the Yangtze River port; ⑥ Revise the tariff and reduce the tonnage tax of merchant ships; All landowners to Britain four million and two thousand silver, two million and two thousand silver to France.
Prior to this, Russian and American envoys used the status of "transferor" to sign the Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty 12 and the Sino-American Tianjin Treaty 30 with the Qing government in June 13 and June 18 respectively, and seized almost the same aggression privileges as those obtained by Britain and France except compensation. Paragraph 9 of the Sino-Russian Tianjin Treaty also specifically stipulates that the two countries will send personnel to explore the "previously undefined border" and "make sure to bring the border clearing into this peace treaty" so as to solve it in the future, thus laying the groundwork for China to be further plundered by Russia.
After the Tianjin Treaty was signed, the British and French allied forces withdrew from Tianjin, and the coastal roads went south one after another. Emperor Xianfeng was worried about the content of the treaty at this time, which made Gui Liang and others negotiate with the representatives of Britain and France to amend the Tianjin Treaty, cancel the terms of envoys' stay in Beijing, inland travel and Neijiang trade, and tried to prevent Britain and France from changing the treaty in Beijing.
165438+ 10, Gui Liang and other representatives of Britain, France and the United States signed the Treaty on the Restoration of Trade Regulations, stipulating that the opium trade should be legalized; Customs levies 100% tax on the hourly value of import and export goods; Foreign goods are transported and sold in the mainland, only paying 2.5% sub-tax, and all domestic taxes are exempted; Hire an Englishman to help with customs and taxes. However, Britain and France cannot change the terms of the Tianjin Treaty, but insist on changing the contract in Beijing.
The British and French governments were far from satisfied with the privileges seized from the Tianjin Treaty, and deliberately used the opportunity of exchanging contracts to provoke war again. 1In June, 859, British Minister Proust, French Minister Brun and American Minister John Eliott Ward, after rejecting Gui Liang's proposal to exchange contracts in Shanghai, respectively led their fleets to Dagukou in an attempt to deter the Qing government from exchanging the ratification documents of the Tianjin Treaty by force.
The Qing government fortified Dagu and ordered Hengfu, the governor of Zhili, to send a note to the British and French envoys, specifying to land in Beitang and go to Beijing to change the contract via Tianjin. Their entourage shall not exceed 20 people and shall not carry weapons. The British and French envoys flatly rejected the arrangement of the Qing government and insisted on returning to Beijing by the fleet through Dagukou.
1858 After the British and French fleets retreated, the Qing government put Prince Horqin in charge of the defense of Dagu area. On June 25, the British and French allied forces suddenly attacked Dagu Fort.
Under the command of monk Qin, the defenders fought bravely and the battle was extremely fierce. Shi Rongchun, the magistrate of Zhili, and Ruyuan, the deputy commander of the Drum Club, took the lead and were killed successively.
As a result of fierce fighting, the British and French allied forces were defeated, losing many ships, killing more than 400 people, and the commander of the British fleet, Herb, was also seriously injured. In the battle, the American fleet helped the British and French troops retreat.
In August, American special envoy John Eliott Ward went to Beijing in disguise from Beitang and returned to Beitang with Zhili.
4. Celebrity of the Second Opium War 1859 (the ninth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty) In June, the second Tanggu War under the command of Senggelinqin, the main generals of the Qing army were Shi Rongchun, the governor of Zhili, and Long Ruyuan, the deputy general of Daguxie.
Of the 13 British warships participating in the war, 6 lost their combat effectiveness and 4 were destroyed or sunk. About 1200 British troops entered the war, with 578 casualties.
About 60 French troops took part in the war, with casualties 14. Herb, the British commander, was seriously injured, and so was his deputy.
The commander of the French army was also injured. They also captured 1 British and American soldiers alive and seized 3 sampans, 4 1 foreign guns and many other military supplies.
Only 32 people were killed or injured in the Qing army, and Dagu Fort was only slightly damaged. The second big sale campaign ended in the victory of China people and the fiasco of the enemy.
This is the biggest victory of China's army against foreign invaders since the First Opium War.