Wang Changling
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
The poem "Chusai" is highly regarded as the representative work of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, and also ranks first among the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. Its momentum and its own poetry are thought-provoking. I will take this quatrain as an example to talk about the methods and skills of appreciating poetry.
Appreciating poetry can be divided into four steps, the first step is reading poetry, the second step is deliberation, and the third step is taste.
The first poem:
Reading poetry is the first reaction and behavior to get an ancient poem. Whether it is meditation or full of emotion, the first feeling of getting a poem, whether it is catchy or sad and meaningful, is deeply impressed in this eye. Take the four-character poem "Out of Fort" as an example. Four lines can be divided into two categories and four sentence patterns:
There are two kinds of standing postures: 1, standing closed, the first sentence rhymes, and 2, standing closed, the first sentence does not rhyme.
There are two opening patterns: 1, starting from the flat, the first sentence rhymes, and 2, starting from the flat, the first sentence does not rhyme.
Generally speaking, the first two or four sentences are homophonic; The third sentence rhymes differently. The penultimate word in the second sentence is usually a conjunction; The whole poem has lofty artistic conception, elegant language and profound meaning.
The first sentence is rhyming (up and down)
(flat) flat (flat) flat,
It is flat, flat, flat.
(flat) flat,
(Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping.
The first sentence is flat and flat without rhyme (flat and flat)
Read it through before proceeding to the next step: deliberation.
Second review
Jia Dao "Birds perch on trees by the pool, and monks knock at the door." . "The interesting part of this poem should have an impression. Write poetry carefully, and appreciate poetry carefully. Every word and sentence with rich connotation should be carefully scrutinized, so that the whole poem can be more three-dimensional in front of readers. For example:
The literal translation of "going out of the fort" is as follows: Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the moon has shone on the frontier fortress, and Wan Li has not returned his foot soldiers. If there are brave generals like Wei Qing and Li Guang, they will not let the enemy's iron hoof step over Yinshan Mountain.
If a poem is translated literally in this way, it will be tragic and sad, and it will not be reflected. Let's take it apart and consider it slowly. Qin and Han Dynasties are two glorious and powerful times in China. With a stroke of the pen, the author seems to sketch, but it just shows the bleak scenery of the frontier, with a strong sense of picture. Before the "Moon" and "Guan", the poet decorated it with the words "Qin and Han Dynasties", which turned this picture of the moon approaching Guan into a picture of time, and endowed the border of Wan Li with a sense of history. Frontier fortress and the moon are two things that are sung all the year round in Yuefu poems. With the modification of time words, a sense of sight that will last for thousands of years is full of praise. The "people who have not returned from the Long March" originated from the "people who have not returned from the Great Wall" in Lu Sidao's Join the Army in Sui Dynasty. "Man" refers to both soldiers who died in battle and soldiers who are still guarding the border. The word "unpaid" combined with the above sentence points out that the border issue has not been solved since Qin and Han Dynasties. "But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain." In this poem, a late famous Li Guang appeared, pointing out directly that the imperial court employed improper people. Without such a famous Li Guang, Huma can't cross the Yinshan Mountain.
This is the scrutiny of words and sentences, the role of words in the whole poem and the source of words, which all affect the appreciation of the whole poem.
The third taste
Poetry here is not the meaning of poetry, but the artistic conception and soul of poetry. Artistic conception is an aesthetic category tempered from China's lyrical literary creation tradition. The so-called artistic conception, "meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings, "environment" refers to the life picture created by the author, and "artistic conception" is an intriguing artistic realm created by the combination of the author's thoughts, feelings and life pictures. Simply put, it is lyrical by borrowing things. Ancient poetics, also known as "realm", refers to a comprehensive artistic atmosphere formed by the fusion of the life picture depicted in the works and the thoughts and feelings expressed, which can make the appreciator feel infected or gain beautiful feelings through imagination and association, such as being on the scene. Wang Guowei said in the History of Song and Yuan Dynasties: "Writing feelings is refreshing, writing scenery is in people's eyes and ears, and words are as they say." The best of ancient poetry is this. Wang Guowei also said: "If you can describe the scenery and true feelings, you will say that there is a realm, otherwise you will say that there is no realm. "In fact, what really reflects the artistic beauty of a poem should be the organic combination of emotion and scenery, and the close relationship between emotion and scenery. According to the classification of poetry, it can be divided into farewell poems, frontier poems, pastoral poems, nostalgic poems, object-chanting poems, mourning poems, traveling poems, in my heart forever poems, war poems, lyric poems and narrative poems.
Frontier fortress belongs to frontier fortress poetry. The most representative frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, after the previous scrutiny, combined with the poet's era and position, it is easy to analyze the artistic conception of this poem, such as:
Who is Wang Changling? Ancient scholars regarded Wang Changling as the representative of "character" and called him "a poet saint". Li Bai wrote a song for Wang Changling, "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyao had this letter". "Huayang fell to the ground, Wen Daolong crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. " Wang Changling, with a cold heart, can only compare with the bright moon. Since he is the representative of "character", his political career will naturally not be so smooth. Meng Haoran once wrote "Send Wang Changling to Lingnan" for Wang Changling who was demoted on the way. Ok, now we know who Wang Changling is. Let's take a look at the background of Wang Changling's writing this poem. The Journey to the West was written by Wang Changling when he was sent to the Western Regions in his early years, which coincided with the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, the Tang Dynasty won many battles, and the self-confidence of the whole nation was very strong. It also made the people overwhelmed, the soldiers were buried, the families looked forward to the return of their sons, and the people's desire for peace was extremely strong. Therefore, the poem "Out of the Wall" not only describes the broad artistic conception of the border, but also reflects the people's desire for peace in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Ancient poetry is different from novels or songs. There is no such thing as "a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets", and poetry is closely related to the situation. If you don't know the creative background of Bunker and Wang Changling's life experience, then on frontier poems, "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen." This sentence is even sadder. The artistic conception of a poem is the most critical point in evaluating the connotation of a poem, just as you taste it back and forth at the entrance of tea, the taste will come out, otherwise the bitter taste is not as good as a cold water.
Mei Yaochen said that a good poem is "a scene that is difficult to write, such as in front of you, with disrespect." To appreciate an ancient poem, we should feel "inside the poem" and "outside the words". In fact, ancient poetry is very rigorous, and many excellent poems and famous sentences in ancient poetry have been passed down through the ages. Although there are factors such as content, technique and even style, its artistic charm will last forever, but it is first attributed to the expression of language. Although poetry can't reproduce color intuitively like painting, it can arouse readers' corresponding association and emotional experience through language description. The ancients wrote poetry, paying attention to tempering literary talent and scrutinizing the meaning of words. Anything that refines a good word at a key point makes the whole sentence Youlong dancing and fascinating. China's early four-character, five-character and seven-character ancient poems, although there is no metrical requirement, must rhyme. There were metrical poems and quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, also known as metrical poems. This new style of poetry has certain formats and rules in terms of sentence number, word number, level tone, rhyme, antithesis and so on. Metric poetry has become the basic form of China's ancient poetry, and the requirements of classical poetry such as "leveling", "rhyming" and "antithesis" have greatly increased the expressive force of Chinese.