What is in Dali?

Dali, the full name of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the west of central Yunnan Province, with Erhai Lake in the east and Diancang Mountain in the west. The climate here is mild, the land is fertile and the scenery is beautiful. It is one of the earliest areas in the southwest frontier of China. As early as 4000 years ago, there were activities of primitive residents in Dali. Dali has the reputation of "wind, flowers, snow and moon", that is, Xiaguan wind, Shangguan flower, Cangshan snow and Erhai moon. It is 2090 meters above sea level, adjacent to Chuxiong Prefecture in the east, Pu 'er City and Lincang City in the south, Baoshan City and Nujiang Prefecture in the west and Lijiang City in the north. The capital of the Autonomous Prefecture is located in Xiaguan, Dali, 338 kilometers away from Kunming. The total area of the autonomous prefecture is 29,459 square kilometers. The mountainous area accounts for 83.7% of the total area, and the dam area accounts for 16.3%. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is more than 320 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is more than 270 kilometers. Terrain Dali (1 photo) Dali Prefecture is located at the junction of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The landform is complex, and there are many Dali symbols similar to the Three Pagodas Temple. To the west of Diancang Mountain is the alpine canyon area. East of Diancang Mountain and west of Xiangyun are steep slopes of Zhongshan. The mountains in the territory mainly belong to Yunling Mountain and Nvshan Mountain, and Diancang Mountain is located in the middle of the state, like an arched screen, towering and straight. Xueban Mountain at the junction of Jianchuan County in the north and Lanping Bai Autonomous County in Nujiang Prefecture is the highest mountain in the state, with an altitude of 4,295 meters. The lowest point is the Hongqi Dam on the Nujiang River in Yunlong County, with an altitude of 730 meters. There are many lakes in the state, with 0/8 watersheds (dams)/kloc-0, with an area of over 1.5 square kilometers and an area of ***7 1.49 square kilometers. It accounts for 6.6% of the total area of the state. Most of the basins are linear basins, distributed in belts, and arranged into six belts from west to east. The Quaternary mountain glacier site is located in the high mountain area west of Erhai Lake and north of Yongping. Diancang Mountain in Dali is the name of the last ice age in China. Climate Dali Prefecture is located in the low latitude plateau. Under the comprehensive influence of low latitude and high altitude geographical conditions, the monsoon climate characteristics of the low latitude plateau are formed: (1) the temperature difference between the four seasons is small, close to the tropic of cancer, the solar radiation angle is large, and the variation range is small. The average annual temperature is 12.2- 18.9℃, and the maximum annual extreme temperature is 30.4℃ and the minimum is -7.8℃. One climate feature is that the annual temperature difference is small and the four seasons are not obvious. "The qi of the four seasons is often like early spring, with cold ending and summer ending in temperature", and the temperature difference between the four seasons is not big; ⑵ Dali has distinct dry and wet seasons. In winter (165438+1October to April of the following year), the rainfall in dry season only accounts for 5 ~ 15% of the annual rainfall, and in summer (5 ~ 65438+1October), the rainfall in rainy season accounts for 85 ~ 95% of the annual rainfall. (3) The vertical difference is significant. Due to the complex topography, the altitude difference is great, and the vertical climate difference is remarkable. The temperature decreases with the elevation, and the rainfall increases with the elevation. The valley is hot, the dam area is warm, the mountain area is cool, the mountain area is cold and the three-dimensional climate is obvious; (4) Meteorological disasters are mostly due to the instability of monsoon circulation and the influence of different weather systems, and there are many meteorological disasters in Dali Prefecture. Common meteorological disasters mainly include drought, low temperature, flood, frost, hail and strong wind. It can be summarized as: 1. The typical three-dimensional climate in Dali is a low-latitude plateau monsoon climate. Due to different altitudes, there are south subtropical zone, middle subtropical zone, north subtropical zone, warm and humid zone and middle temperate zone. Cold and wet zone and other six climatic zones. The temperature decreases with the elevation, which has the characteristics of hot valley, warm dam area, Liangshan area and cold mountain, and is suitable for the growth of different plants. Because of the terrain and altitude. Dali scenery 2 The temperature is generally low in the northwest and high in the southeast. The highest annual average temperature is in Nanjian, which is 65438 08.9℃, and the lowest is in Jianchuan County, which is 65438 02.3℃, and the central part is about 65438 05℃. Due to the influence of topography and climate, the rainfall in the northwest is greater than that in the southeast. The rainfall increases with the elevation, forming seven rain areas, namely Triple Mountain, Xuebang Mountain, Diancang Mountain, Jizu Mountain, Wuliang Mountain, Laojun Mountain and Diaocaohou Mountain, with rainfall of 2400-2500mm. The average annual rainfall in China is 1053 mm, with the largest in Yunlong County and the least in Binchuan and Xiangyun. Therefore, there is a saying that "there is no cold and heat in four seasons, and it becomes winter when it rains". Dali has a small temperature difference all year round, Changchun has no summer, and spring and autumn are connected, which is suitable for sightseeing all year round. (3) precipitation; Quanzhou is a medium-sized water resource area in the province, with surface runoff of 65.438+0.059 billion cubic meters, underground runoff of 3.23 billion cubic meters and per capita water consumption of 565.438+0.93 cubic meters. The main hydrological rivers are Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and Honghe River (Yuanjiang River), and there are more than 60 large and small rivers/kloc-0, which are feathery all over the state. There are 8 major lakes in this state, including Erhai Lake, Tianchi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake, East Lake, Jianhu Lake, Haixi Lake and Qinghai Lake. This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data. Editing the historical evolution of this humanistic environment Dali once had a prominent position and role in the long historical years. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dali was the only pass of the "Shu-Shen National Road" (from Chengdu, Sichuan, through Dali and Baoshan, Yunnan, to Myanmar, and then to India). This passage has played an important role in promoting the contact between Dali and the mainland, and promoting the friendly exchanges and economic and cultural exchanges between China and Southeast Asian countries. Dali is one of the earliest cultural birthplaces in Yunnan. According to archaeological excavations, Neolithic sites are widely distributed around plateau lakes centered on Erhai Lake. The ancestors of Bai and Yi people planted rice, domesticated livestock and engaged in gathering, fishing and hunting in this beautiful and rich land, creating an ancient Dali civilization. During the feudal period of Han and Yuan Dynasties (BC 1 10 ~ BC 105), Yu Ye, Yunnan, Xielong and Subi counties were established in Dali in the Han Dynasty, which belonged to Yizhou County. Since then, Dali has been formally incorporated into the territory of the Han Dynasty. Dali belonged to Yongchang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Yongchang County and Yunnan County in the Shu and Han Dynasties. The Jin Dynasty belonged to Yongchang and Yunnan counties in Ningzhou; Liu Song belonged to Yunnan, Dongheyang and Xiheyang counties in Ningzhou; During the Southern Qi Dynasty, it belonged to Yunnan, Dongheyang, Xiheyang and Yongchang counties in Ningzhou. Sui Dynasty belonged to Zhou Kun; In the 4th year of Tang Wude (62 1), "eight states and seventeen counties" in Erhai area, and Linde 1 year (664) was changed to Yaozhou Dudufu. In 1930s, with the support of the Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao, one of the "six imperial edicts" in Erhai area, unified Erhai area and established Nanzhao State. Two years later (902), Zheng Maisi, the powerful minister of Nanzhao, launched a palace coup, established Dachang and Guo, and Nanzhao died. In the second year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (927), Dadiandao and Dayi were established one after another. In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping joined forces with 37 troops from East Yunnan to March into Dali, overthrowing the country of "Ningguo" and establishing Dali. In the first year of Bao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1253), Kublai Khan led an army to destroy Dali and build Yunnan Province. Nanzhao Dali lasted more than 500 years, which made Yunnan form a stable political unity, laid the southwest frontier of the motherland and promoted the rapid development of economy and culture. During the Yuan Dynasty, the political center of Yunnan moved eastward to Kunming, and the Yuan Dynasty set up 20,000 households in Dali. In the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1274), the roads were diverted, prefectures and counties, and Dali belonged to Dali Road, Heqing Road, Wei Chu Road and Yunlong Hall. In Ming Dynasty, Dali belonged to Dali, Heqing, Hua Meng, Yongchang and Chuxiong. In Qing Dynasty, Dali belonged to Dali Prefecture, Lijiang Prefecture, Yongchang Prefecture and Mongolian Zhili Hall. 19 13, Dali area belongs to West Yunnan Road. 1929, the national government implemented a two-level system of provinces and counties. There are 13 counties in Dali, namely Xiangyun, Midu, Binchuan, Fengyi, Hua Meng, Dali, Yongping, Yunlong, Yangbi, Deng Chuan, Eryuan, Jianchuan and Heqing. In the late 1940s, the Yunnan provincial government set up administrative supervision departments in Dali, Hua Meng and Heqing. On February 1950, 1 Dali Commissioner's Office was established, with jurisdiction over Customs, Dali, Fengyi, Deng Chuan, Binchuan, Xiangyun, Midu, Hua Meng, Yunxian, Mianning, Shunning (Fengqing), Yongping, Yangbi, Yunlong and Eryuan. 1956, Yunxian County, Mianning County and Shunning County belong to Lincang District, Heqing County and Jianchuan County of Lijiang District belong to Dali District. 1956165438+1October 22nd, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture was established, and Shimonoseki was designated as the capital of the autonomous prefecture. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Yuye County was established in Dali, and the organizational system of Yuye County remained until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the "six imperial edicts" in Erhai area had more and more influence. With the support of the Tang Dynasty, in the 26th year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 738), the Six Imperial Letters were unified and Nanzhao State was established. In the 27th year of Kaiyuan (AD 739), Nanzhao capital moved from Weishan to Taihe City (near Taihe Village in Cangshan, Dali), and then moved to Yangmao City (west of Dali ancient city). Nanzhao, the later established three dynasties and the capital of Dali are all in Yang Mao. Dali has been the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan and the capital of Nanzhao and Dali for more than 500 years from the 8th century to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the13rd century (that is, from the establishment of Nanzhao in 738 to the fall of Dali in 1253). The panorama of cultural relics and historic sites in Xiaguan, Dali has a long history, and there are many cultural relics and historic sites, which are widely distributed in and around the ancient city of Dali. They are centered on the ancient city and linearly distributed along the foot of Cangshan Mountain and the shore of Erhai Lake. Dali has identified 50 key cultural relics protection units at different levels. Founded in the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1382), the ancient town of Pingshan Dali, which has been completely preserved to this day, has a beautiful water environment like a mirror and simple and elegant commerce, and has become the main carrier of local history and culture, including the three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, the ruins of Taihe City (including Nanzhao Dehua Monument), monuments, Cangshan Temple, Buddhist pagoda and Xizhou white residential buildings. Major cultural relics and historic sites in Dali: Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple, Yunnan Yi Ancient Town, Weishan Ancient City, Zhoucheng of Bai Village (the hometown of tie-dyeing), Yan Jiayuan, Jianchuan Wood Carving, Thousand-year-old Bai Village, Yunlong Taiji Map, cremation tombs of Daci Temple, and standardized rich flowers of Hutou Mountain ancient buildings. Ethnic Culture Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture is a multi-ethnic area dominated by Bai people. Yi, Hui, Lisu, Miao and Han nationalities live in the territory. All ethnic groups have their own unique customs and habits, colorful ethnic weddings, funny activities of stealing relatives, endless customs of taking out birth names and grabbing names, simple transactions of exchanging one load of millet for one load of pears, and simple funerals of Hui people, which constitute a unique ethnic customs "Grand View Garden". There are more than 1.4 million Bai people in Yunnan, 80% of whom live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Bai nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well. After the film Five Golden Flowers became famous at home and abroad, all Bai girls were called "Golden Flowers" by Chinese and foreign friends, while Bai boys were called "A Peng". Jinhua and Apeng spread their own unique culture and art, from the vernacular "Mountain Flower Monument" to the "37 15" white harmony that is still being sung today. There are also a variety of colorful ethnic festivals and markets, such as: around Sanling, transplanting rice seedlings, March Street and other Dali local cultures are splendid and rich in ethnic customs. As the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan for hundreds of years, Dali is a big city in western Yunnan, with a wealth of literati and celebrities and rich historical documents. In addition, the Bai people, who occupy a major position in the local area, have always had a high cultural literacy. Therefore, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dali has been known as "a famous literary country". Since ancient times, talented people have come forth in large numbers. Dali culture is the product of the integration of Central Plains culture, Tibetan culture, Southeast Asian culture and local national culture. It is an ancient culture with a long history and splendid history in the southwest minority areas of China. It is an important part of China's cultural chain. The costumes, residence, marriage, beliefs, customs and festivals of the Bai nationality are full of unique national interests. These rich ethnic customs add to the historical and cultural atmosphere of the ancient city and the charming color of Dali's historical and cultural city. Dali, a famous historical and cultural city, is known as the national Dali scenic spot and the double crown. Dali scenic spots mainly include Cangshan, Erhai, Bai ethnic customs and historical and cultural cities of Dali and Weishan. Bai Wedding Bai Wedding Someone once said in a word that attending the wedding of Bai people in Dali area can not only taste the famous special food and delicacies of Bai people, but also see colorful national costumes and experience a rare and interesting unique national customs. The marriage of Bai nationality is monogamous. In the past, most marriages were arranged by parents, and the man had to pay an expensive bride price, and it cost a lot of money to hold a wedding. Although it has been greatly improved with the development of the times, it still retains the traditional and ancient customs. After a man and a woman are freely in love or introduced, and have been engaged to determine the relationship, when they get married, the man should ask someone to set up a colorful shed before the wedding day. And the night before the wedding, people who can sing and act in the village should be invited to sing (commonly known as bench play, that is, one person plays the piano, several people play different roles as singers or ask people to sing tunes to congratulate (that is, suona accompaniment), Big Ben Zhong Xian and so on. People eat, drink and taste fruits and tea prepared by their hosts. Drinking and singing until midnight, all the people present, men, women and children, ate a bowl of Yuanxiao to celebrate this happy reunion in advance. The next day, a happy day, the guests began to hold a banquet in the morning. When the guests began to taste fruit wine and enjoy delicious food, the groom, accompanied by the accompanying Lang, stepped on the music of "Longteng" played by suona and toasted the guests table by table. This kind of respect requires both hands to kneel on the tray to toast and drink (only a plate or a bowl of tea). In some places, the groom does not go to the wedding, and the accompanying lang and daughter are led by the matchmaker to attend the wedding in the sound of suona. At the door of the woman's house, the suona player had to play cheerful and enthusiastic music such as "Bees Crossing the River", "Line-up" and "Wedding Reception" for six times before several elderly male and female relatives came out to welcome the newcomers. However, interestingly, in some places, wedding guests were just about to enter the door when they were stopped by several old people in the woman's house, using several pairs (that is, couplets) or asking some unexpected questions, such as: "Where are you from?" "What did you meet on the road?" Let the matchmaker or groom answer. People call this custom "road test". This kind of question and answer should not only be resourceful, but also pay attention to decision-making. It is witty, interesting and knowledgeable. If either party can't respond immediately; It often causes a hearty and pleasant laugh. In some places, the groom had to attend the wedding, and he also met a "road test". People call it "uncle test" or "groom test". After the wedding guests of Dali Shuanglang entered the door, four or six little boys offered them bitter tea, sweet tea and sugar tea one by one. Then, the matchmaker (or groom) visits the bride's parents, siblings and elders, and the bride's parents dress the matchmaker's children in red. At this time, the newly-married bride (bride) is going to cry loudly. People call this kind of crying "crying marriage". Generally, you cry your parents first, then your brother, sister-in-law, elder and female companion. This cry is not only crying, but also singing the thoughts of parents' upbringing and brother and sister-in-law in segments. I don't know what to do with my sister-in-law's affection, my partner's friendship, and the care and care of my elders. If I have a disagreement with my sister-in-law, I will take this opportunity to cry, sing out my grievances with music, and then go out with the people who say hello. On the way to the groom's house, in some places, the bride takes a sedan chair or rides a horse and goes on her way to the cheerful and exciting music. Before the wedding procession returned to the man's house, the elders of the man's house had already greeted him at the door. As soon as people enter the door, the new wife will go upstairs to dress up surrounded by bridesmaids and elders. While the bride is getting dressed, the person who is going to give the bride some pointers is already waiting at the necessary position under the stairs leading to the new house. It is said that this bride's custom has been handed down for happiness. Before the bride was dressed up and ready to enter the bridal chamber, I saw two boys aged about 65,438+00 holding torches lit by Song Ming and flying into the bridal chamber from the stairs with people's joy. Then the new wife, surrounded by two bridesmaids, strode into the bridal chamber, and people were scrambling to pinch the bride, laughing and laughing. There is a saddle on the threshold of the bridal chamber, a sieve on the door, and a mirror in it. There is a bow on the mirror, and three arrows are scattered side by side and fired forward. These mascots are to congratulate a couple for their efforts and courage in the future. A symbol of happiness. The moment the bride entered the bridal chamber, she began to hold a ceremony to worship heaven and earth and her parents. In some places, before entering the bridal chamber, there are ceremonies to worship heaven, land and parents. In some places, when a couple enters the bridal chamber, both of them are fighting for pillows, which is very interesting. It is said that whoever sits on the pillow first will be the future owner. But this only adds a little joy to humor, which is often led by women, and also pursues and conforms to the traditional habits of male domination and female domination. However, at this moment, I don't know who is running Chili noodles in the warm and prosperous charcoal fire. The pungent smell made the bride and groom cry, stopped sniffling and yawning from time to time, made the people inside and outside the bridal chamber laugh, and filled the bridal chamber with a unique exultation. After a burst of laughter, the spicy taste was choking, and the husband and wife drank a glass of wine to show mutual respect and love. At night, in some places, the new bride consists of two elders of the woman, several bridesmaids and several elders of the man's family, and eats a "witch seat" (that is, the bride seat). After the banquet, some places began to hold "worship ceremony" (that is, worship ceremony) in the cheerful spray. "Worship" means that the new wife worships the man's elders. Everyone who is worshipped by her will get a pair of cloth shoes made by herself. When the older generation takes over the shoes, they will give her a few dollars or a small gift. Finally, the younger generation of the bride and the children of the neighbors worship the bride together, and everyone will get a lucky money or a gift. At this time, the old man is smiling, the young man is in high spirits, and the onlookers often burst into happy laughter in the suona sound; This added a lot of joy and warm atmosphere to the wedding. After the "worship", young people crowded into the bridal chamber together, tasted the fruit brought by the new wife's house, and began to engage in funny activities in the bridal chamber with laughter. Bai culture and art: In the long-term social and historical development, the Bai people have created an extremely splendid culture and made due contributions to the scientific development of the motherland. As early as the Neolithic Age, James' ancestors planted many kinds of plants, such as rice, barley, wheat, beans, hemp and so on. When they moved south, they cultivated "extremely fine" mountain fields, built "horizontal canals" and "Gaohe" water conservancy projects at the peak of Cangshan Jade Bureau, and drew 18 streams, with "irrigation factors of thousands of hectares". He has accumulated rich knowledge and experience in calendar, astronomy, meteorology and medicine. For example, Bai scholar, Qu poet, He Zhongji's Astrology Classic in Langwan in Qing Dynasty, Chen's Notes on Heaven Cave, Zhao's Wonderful Prescription for Examining Books, Zhao's Materia Medica, and the Prescription for Saving the Exotic Diseases are all representative works in this respect. Bai people are also outstanding in architecture, sculpture and painting, and many relics are still listed as national key cultural relics protection units. The three famous pagodas in Dali, which are 69.13m high, are divided into sixteen levels. They are beautifully built, similar to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi. Although they have been eroded by wind and rain and shaken by earthquakes for thousands of years, they still stand tall. The statue of Shi Baoshan Grottoes in Chaochuan was a superb skill in carving songs for the working people in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The characters are colorful and lifelike, which has high artistic value. In addition, there are Dali Hongsheng Temple Pagoda, Snake Bone Pagoda, Midu Copper Column Iron Temple, Nannuma Dehua Monument, Yuan Shizu Yan Ping Monument and other architectural sculptures, which are extremely precious historical relics. White painting art is also a colorful purchase. In 899 AD, Zhang Gu and Zhu of butterfly spring, Dali painted "A Long Scroll of National History in Southbound China" and 172 Dali "Painter" Zhang Sheng painted "A Long Scroll of Dali Noodles", which were famous paintings created by the ancient Bai people. It enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, reflecting the high artistic achievements of the ancient Bai people. The people of Qi Yue have also created many beautiful murals, prints, sculptures and woodcuts. Bai nationality also has a rich heritage in history. As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhang's national history, white history and national history appeared. In the Yuan Dynasty, books such as General Cooper and Feng Xuan Reading Yun Zhi were published. Although these books have died today, there are still sporadic fragments and chapters in Ming Dynasty works and inscriptions. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Bai scholars generally sorted out the palm effect of Bai people, such as Ding Yang's Ten-volume Annals of Southern Latitude in the Tang Dynasty, and Heixinzhai's Hundred-volume Biography of Southwest China. In addition, there are Wu Ming's Annals of Ancient History and Shan Qing's Yunlong unofficial history in Qing Dynasty. These works preserve a lot of historical materials. Bai historians have compiled many local chronicles, including Dali Chronicle and Wanli Yunnan Chronicle by Li Yuanyang in Ming Dynasty, Taihe County Chronicle by Zhang in Qing Dynasty, 2 16 volume of Daoguang Yunnan Chronicle by Er Peng and 2 1 volume of Yunnan Chronicle by General Guan, which are all important historical materials about Yunnan in the official history. Eryuan was written by Japanese scholar Yang Qiong. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Zhao Fan of Jianchuan compiled 200 kinds of Yunnan Series, 4 volumes of Ju Gong Chronicle and 20 volumes of Military Stories in Central Yunnan. Zhao Shiming, a patriotic poet, has written Bai Wenkao, Shao Wenkao, Mo Kao, Han Shu Chuan Bu Long, Guang Fu Zhi of Yunnan, Investigation of Sickness in guanxian, Sichuan, and Brief Analysis of Yunnan Management. Zhou Chuizang presided over the compilation of Yunnan Tongzhi New Edition. Drafted the "Tiannan Lightning Collection" and so on. All these have made beneficial contributions to the collection, collation and preservation of Yunnan literature. Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition and colorful folk literature and art. Genesis, Kowloon Myth, Xuan, Duan Chicheng's solution (also known as Snake Bone Pagoda), burning Songming Pagoda, Ejiao Village, Bird Hanging Mountain, West Sea, Little Huanglong and Big Black Dragon, and other beautiful and moving legends, the Bai people have created generations. They describe the life, production and struggle of the Bai people from all aspects, which have been handed down from generation to generation by the Bai people. These legends and stories are unique in conception, wide in subject matter, vivid in content, tortuous in plot, rich in imagination, prominent in characters and of high literary value. After liberation, it was excavated and sorted out, and the History of Bai Literature and Collection of Bai Folk Stories were compiled, which are the treasure house of China literature and art, and the Bai people are a nation that can sing and dance well. The film "Five Golden Flowers" has vividly displayed these customs of Bai nationality in front of the broad masses and is well known by people. The folk songs they sing, including "Bai Diao", "counterpart folk songs", "minor" and "book songs", are generally accompanied by three strings, four na or leaves. Singing and melody styles vary from place to place. Dali is sonorous, Jianchuan is euphemistic and fluent, and Eryuan Xishan is beautiful and moving. But they all adopt the meter of "37 15", and the stress rhymes to the end. For folk songs and minor songs, we often sing by absorbing language, which is the so-called "Chinese music". Ancient Bai ancestors created a kind of dance song closely combined with poetry and dance, which later developed into a dance with local ethnic characteristics. Famous dances include "overlord whip", "octagonal drum", "flying swallow", "dragon lantern dance" and "lion dance". Among them, "Lion Dance" was introduced to the Central Plains in Nanzhao, and once performed for Tang Dezong in the Yinde Hall of Chang 'an Palace. Nanzhao was listed as one of the four major musical genres in the Tang Dynasty, which enriched the art of music and dance in the motherland. Bai folk art "Big Ben Zhong Qu", developed on the basis of folk songs, began in the Ming Dynasty, and the tune * * * has three tunes, nine boards and eighteen tunes. Singing in both Chinese and white, accompanied by three strings, the music changes with the lyrics, the melody is melodious and euphemistic, supplemented by expressions and gestures, which can express complex thoughts and feelings and the psychological activities of the characters, and has taken shape as a drama. Modern famous singers include Jianchuan Zhang Mingde, Dali Black Star, Han Yang and other old artists. After liberation, under the guidance of the party's literary and artistic policies, a new national drama, Bai Opera, was formed on the basis of the traditional two voices of "Big Ben" and "Blowing and Blowing". Its lyrics are still in the form of "37 15" folk songs, with more than 30 kinds of vocals. Singing with four buy, gongs and drums, combined with singing and dancing, has the characteristics of high-pitched, intense, warm and cheerful. 1962, Dali White Troupe was formally established. He has directed and performed plays such as Du Chaoxuan, Burning Mill and Zhai Yi Xia Ke. Later, it was staged in Kunming, Chengdu and Beijing, such as Cangshan Tao Hong, Hongsanxian and Wang Fuyun, which were deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups. Nowadays, Bai Opera is reflecting the Bai people's new life of building a high-level material civilization and spiritual civilization with brand-new contents and traditional forms, and has become another magnificent flower in the Hundred Flowers Garden.