First, lyric poetry in The Book of Songs is the mainstream. The Book of Songs is almost all lyric poems except the epic poem in Daya and several chapters in Xiaoya and Guofeng. Moreover, from the perspective of the maturity of poetry art, the level of lyric poetry is obviously higher than that of narrative poetry. And Homer's epic in ancient Greece, which is roughly contemporary with The Book of Songs, is completely narrative.
Just as Homer's epic laid the development direction of western literature with narrative tradition as the main one, The Book of Songs also laid the development direction of China literature with lyric tradition as the main one. China's later poems are mostly lyric poems; Besides, lyric poetry has become the main style of China literature.
Secondly, the poems in The Book of Songs, except for a few, fully reflect the real world, daily life and daily experience. Here, there is almost no mythical world beyond the human world, and there are no special images and experiences of gods and heroes (this is the basic material of Homer's epic).
Some are about political turmoil, spring ploughing and autumn harvest, and the joys and sorrows of love between men and women. Later, China's poems and even other styles were characterized by daily life and reality. Daily life, daily events and people are always the central materials of literature.
Thirdly, in connection with the second item mentioned above, The Book of Songs has obvious political and moral color as a whole. Whether it is mainly produced in the upper class of society or in the folk, there are a considerable number of poems, which are closely related to current affairs and politics and criticize the improper behavior and moral corruption of rulers.
Although its significance mainly lies in maintaining a reasonable degree of rule and giving people more relaxed living conditions, it is of course valuable for the development of society.
2. Li Sao is a romantic lyric poem with practical significance. In poetry, the poet uses a lot of exaggerated and romantic expressions, whether it is the portrayal of the hero image or the description of some things. The full use of myths and legends has spread colorful fantasy wings and strengthened the charm of Li Sao.
In Li Sao, Bi Xing is widely used. For example, he used vanilla as a metaphor for the nobleness of poets, for the relationship between men and women as a metaphor for the relationship between monarch and minister, and for driving horses as a metaphor for governing the country.
The form of Li Sao originated from the oral creation of Chu people, and the poet turned it into a novel, which contained rich contents. Its language is refined, absorbing many dialects of Chu language, and its sentences are quite distinctive.
Chu Ci is a collection of poems by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others during the Warring States Period, edited by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty and written by Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These poems use the poetic style and dialect rhyme of Chu State to describe the local customs of Chu State, which has a strong local color, hence the name "Chu Ci".
Li Sao was written after Qu Yuan was demoted. This poem has a certain position in the history of China, because poets are also called "poets".
Extended data
1, the creative background of the Book of Songs
Joo Won?, the birthplace of the Zhou Dynasty, was suitable for agriculture. Poems such as Gong Liu and Mianmian Guaju in The Scholars all show that Zhou prospered the country with agriculture, and the development of agriculture promoted social progress. After the conquest, the Zhou clan became the master of the world, and the patriarchal clan system, land, slave private ownership and the rule of aristocratic lords became the social and political characteristics of this historical period.
Apart from the tyranny of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the replacement of Shang and Zhou Dynasties by Western Zhou Dynasty was mainly related to its slavery economic system. After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to alleviate the sharp contradiction between production relations and productivity and class struggle, slavery was transformed into serfdom.
As Wang Guowei said in On the System of Shang Dynasty: "The political and cultural changes in China were not carried out during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties ... On the surface, the three major changes in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties were nothing more than the rise and fall of a surname and the transfer of the capital. Judging from the implication, the old system is abolished and the new system is promoted, and the old culture is abolished and the new culture is promoted ... "
Compared with Shang Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty promoted the rapid development of social spiritual civilization due to the great changes in the economic system. As a representative of literature, the appearance of The Book of Songs is an inevitable product of the progress of the times, which in turn promotes the progress of social civilization.
2. The creative background of Li Sao.
Regarding the creation date of Li Sao, Sima Qian said in the preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong: "Qu Yuan was demoted and wrote Li Sao." Accordingly, it is regarded as after Qu Yuan's exile.
Nowadays, people have different opinions about this. Some say that Qu Yuan did it after he was demoted, or that Qu Yuan did it after he was demoted to the king of Chu. Some say that it was done at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and some say that it originated from it, sometimes at the beginning. So far, there is no conclusion.
As for the reasons for the creation of Li Sao, Sima Qian quoted Liu An's Li Sao from Biographies of Historical Records of Qu Yuan, saying: "Qu Ping's illness is not clever enough, flattery is too bright, and evil songs are harmful to everyone. Fang Zhengzhi couldn't tolerate it, so he wrote "Li Sao" with sadness and meditation. " He also said: "Qu Yuan went straight on the right path, exhausted his loyalty and wisdom to serve the monarch, and was poor in the world.
Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? Qu Ping's work Li Sao is self-reproach. Qu Yuan's "sadness" and resentment are closely related to the political reality of Chu State. Li Sao is a political lyric poem written by him according to the political reality of Chu State and his own grievances.
Because the twists and turns describe the poet's life experience, thoughts and circumstances, some people regard it as an image record of Qu Yuan's life course and call it the poet's autobiography.
Baidu encyclopedia-Lisao
Baidu Encyclopedia-The Book of Songs