The general goal of Chinese curriculum standard for reading teaching is: "to have independent reading ability, pay attention to emotional experience, have rich accumulation and form a good sense of language." Learn to use a variety of reading methods. I can initially understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop my personality and enrich my spiritual world. " In order to enrich students' humanistic quality, the curriculum standard puts forward a clear requirement in the "fourth phase" of compulsory education: "Appreciate literary works, have your own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of works, and get beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life." From this perspective, cultivating students' literary appreciation ability is the focus of literary works teaching. (teaching philosophy)
The ninth grade (the second volume) Chinese arranges four unit texts according to four literary genres: poetry, novel, prose and drama, aiming at cultivating students' ability to read different literary works, understanding the connotation of works, gaining emotional experience and absorbing the essence of literary works; Infiltrated in the works, we get an understanding and enlightenment of nature, society and life.
Talking about Life is the first text of Unit 3, Book 2, Grade 9. It is a "life experience" essay with metaphor, symbol and philosophical meaning published shortly before the death of Bing Xin, a centenarian. It is not only profound in philosophy, broad in image and vivid, but also concise and sophisticated in writing, just like a beautiful prose poem. The full text is "a work", with clear thinking and strict rules. The opening part leads to the topic, then narrates the life course of A Spring River and A Green Tree, and finally speaks his own mind, sublimates his own philosophy, and tells the author's life "experience" after a hundred years of vicissitudes. It reveals the process and general law of life from growth to strength and then to weakness, as well as the same law of pain and happiness in life, and expresses the will to struggle in life and the spirit of open-mindedness and optimism. It can be said that it is a model of "prose teaching" and the best "model". As an enlightenment course, Talking about Life plays an important leading role in the study of other texts in this unit in terms of ability cultivation, emotional cultivation and method guidance. (textbook understanding)
Second, talk about the necessity of "appreciation" (learning situation analysis)
The ninth grade students have the ability to read, understand and analyze. They like this kind of beautiful prose, especially reading aloud. The main reason is that its language is vivid, concise and rational. However, it is very difficult to accurately understand and comprehend the emotional words in the text, especially many sentences with profound philosophy. When reviewing the examination papers of senior high school entrance examination, it is not difficult to find that many candidates often lose more points in "Modern Chinese Reading Questions" than in "Appreciation Questions" or "Annotation Questions", and the articles are often irrelevant and become a mere formality, resulting in "outspoken" or "clerical errors". The reason is that students have not accumulated enough reading experience, language taste, life experience and reading methods. "The topic is outside class" and "Kung Fu is in class". Only by strengthening the cultivation of students' appreciation ability of literary works can they gain some regular knowledge and appreciate the beauty of the text, thus improving their appreciation taste and aesthetic taste.
Third, talk about the guidance of "appreciation" (instructional design)
Perceive the text on the basis of reading aloud (reading aloud is the best perception. Students can directly feel the work itself and stimulate emotional experience through the freedom of listening, following, reading and reading, thus paving the way for further understanding and appreciation of the work. ) Guide students to do three things: choose a group of elegant words to read, choose some beautiful sentence tastes, and choose several wonderful metaphors to say.
1, choose a set of elegant words to read:
There are many elegant words that students can choose by screening. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to three types of words-adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Because writers often work hard on these three kinds of words when honing their language, they are the most expressive words in the language. For example, adjectives such as "happiness and courage", "anger", "happiness and shyness", "soul and soul terror", "vastness", "greatness", "light" and "darkness" in the article describe the different psychological states of "a river flowing with water" in different life processes. Verbs such as "roar", "chant", "gallop", "whirl", "gather", "break the shell" and "break free" express the will and open-minded optimism about life. Appreciation of "three words" can be done in the following ways:
(1) Image perception method:
Combined with reading aloud, the meanings of verbs and adjectives are "three-dimensional" in the mind, such as "carefully ponder;
(2) word substitution comparison method:
For example, in the sentence "Finally one day, he danced feebly in the air, groaned under the roots, and the earth solemnly extended its arms to receive him, and he plunged into her arms silently", the added words were replaced by "withering" and "crying", so that students can compare the similarities and differences, and it is not difficult for students to find that "dancing feebly" and "groaning" vividly show that the fallen leaves bid farewell to the branches and their lives melt away.
(3) Omit the comparison method:
For example, can you delete the word "still" in the sentence "the power of progress still urges him to move forward ..."? Through comparative reading, students find that the adverb "still" highlights a powerful and unyielding life force.
Of course, from the emotional color and antithesis of words, students can also be guided to explore and appreciate the text by grasping the "cut-in point" of "word".
2. Choose some beautiful sentences:
In addition to a large number of emotional descriptive sentences, there are many beautiful sentences containing philosophy. We can guide students to find the "repeated interval" sentences written by the author in "A Spring River" and "A Little Tree", such as "He melted and naturalized, so he is not happy or sad!" And "but I dare not say the afterlife, and I dare not believe in the afterlife!" After students find out, guide them to understand the author's intention of writing like this. First of all, these repeated sentences are solemn and stern, vivid and thoughtful. They are the rational sublimation of the author's emotional description of life, which not only shows the level of the article, but also strongly expresses the author's calm and open-minded attitude towards life. In addition, there are many profound philosophical sentences at the end of the article, such as "not every river can enter the sea, and if it doesn't flow, it will become a dead lake;" Not every seed can become a tree, and those that don't grow will become empty shells! " ; " Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain complement each other. "
"We should thank life in happiness, and we should also thank life in pain. Happiness is exciting, but pain is not beautiful? " Wait a minute. To appreciate these sentences, we should first guide students to combine the perceptual description in the previous article (the "three-character appreciation" in front is the foundation. Exile imagination, mobilize emotions and use image thinking, not only to "learn analytically", but also to "feel comprehensively" these sentences; We should not only "rationally understand", but also "cordially experience" and truly "see the author's thoughts and feelings". Secondly, on the basis of feeling and experience, combined with your own reading experience, tell your own reading comprehension.
3. Choose a few wonderful metaphors:
"Life" is an ordinary topic, but at the beginning of this article, there are waves, not "what is life" but "what is life". The literary metaphors of "a spring river" and "a small tree" vividly describe the process and general law of life from growth to growth, and then to weakness, as well as the same law of life's joys and sorrows. Guiding students to appreciate these two wonderful metaphors is the key to teaching, and we can also appreciate them by "ellipsis comparison method". Teachers can have doubts: can you delete one of the two metaphors? After reading the text again, students will find that four "sometimes" are used to write "Spring Water in One River", focusing on the course of life; Writing "A Little Tree" used five "Maybe", while writing life course focused on different situations of life. So the two metaphors have both * * * and personality, and neither of them can be deleted. On this basis, students can also be guided to appreciate the metaphor sentence at the end, "May there be enough clouds in your life to make a beautiful evening". With these teaching preparations, students can "have rules to follow and laws to follow" in the "imitation sentence" practice in the "reading and writing" link.
This teaching design adopts the teaching idea of "plate type", focusing on guiding students to "gather beauty" in order to achieve the purpose of "full activities and rich accumulation", to borrow Mr. Yu Yingchao's words: "Literary talent is based on language.
Collect beautiful and essential language materials in the text. ""The collection of texts is a process of carefully combining the beautiful language materials in the texts and connecting the creative work of teachers and students in reading teaching. " Gathering essays is a well-designed and orderly language analysis and accumulation activity, in which students can get aesthetic education, language education, learning skills education and thinking training. Therefore, Selected Works is a good form to appreciate prose, which avoids the piecemeal appreciation of "one hammer in the east and one hammer in the west" and facilitates students to form some effective language modules; At the same time, we can pay attention to students' independent activities, highlight students' dominant position in reading, and also let students master the reading methods of this kind of style, so that students can draw inferences from one another and achieve the purpose of "teaching is for not teaching".