What are the defamiliarization techniques in literature?

He said: "art exists to restore people's feelings about life and let people feel things ... the essence of art is to let people feel things, not just to know things." The skill of art is to make the object strange, make the form difficult, and increase the difficulty of feeling and the length of time, because the feeling process itself is an aesthetic purpose, and we must try to delay it. " Shklovsky's "defamiliarization" poetics theory is an important milestone in the history of the development of western "defamiliarization" poetics, and it is also a symbol of the maturity of western "defamiliarization" poetics. "Defamiliarization" is the core concept of Russian formalism, and it is also the issue that formalists are most concerned about. In his view, "literary speech not only creates strangeness, but also is strangeness itself". This theory emphasizes that the content and form are contrary to the common sense, common sense and common things that people are used to, and at the same time go beyond the common situations in art. The basic principle of defamiliarization is the persistence and conflict of various identities that are seemingly unrelated but internally related. It is this persistence and conflict that creates the appearance of "unfamiliarity" and gives people sensory stimulation or emotional shock. Defamiliarization was put forward by Russian formalist Kraffszky, but the word defamiliarization can be traced back to Aristotle's time. Aristotle did not formally put forward defamiliarization, but used such expressions as "surprise", "unfamiliarity" and "strangeness": "It is good to give ordinary things an unusual atmosphere; People like to be moved by unusual things. In poetry, this posture pattern is common and suitable for this posture pattern, because people and things near poetry are far from daily life. ..... the best of all' discoveries' is the' discovery' that happened from the plot itself and surprised the audience through events that conform to the laws of nature. ..... With strange words, the momentum is elegant but not vulgar; ..... They are strange because they are different from popular words, so they can be negative and not popular. " People often turn a blind eye to things around and in front of them. Then "defamiliarization" means making ordinary things unusual, thus increasing the freshness. With freshness, interest naturally comes up. Just as "art comes from life, art is higher than life." Stories in film and television works may happen to different characters, at different times and at different addresses, but the writers condense these things together to make them compact, and then dramatize them, making them become the experiences of a protagonist or things connected together on a main line, so that the artistically processed, enlarged or deformed stories can arouse the fresh aesthetic feelings of readers or audiences. Pay attention to the distinction between story and plot. Let's just say that everyone can tell stories. However, not everyone can become a screenwriter or novelist. The key is that the plot enriches the story, thus making the story a novel or a script. A successful film and television work must properly handle the aesthetic distance, that is, a certain distance must be kept between the aesthetic subject and the aesthetic object, which is the necessary premise of aesthetic experience. "Beauty comes from distance". But if the aesthetic distance is too close, the audience will feel dull, too far, and the audience will feel empty. The key to the problem is a "degree", which should be just right. In fact, works and interpersonal relationships are the same. Example: Deformation