Sixty years of wind and rain, sixty years of spring and autumn.
1942, Comrade Mao Zedong published "Speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art", which is a bright lighthouse and guides the direction of socialist literature and art in China.
However, there are still some different views on the reasons for the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art and the background of Comrade Mao Zedong's speech.
Time flies. It is said that only a few participants in the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art are still alive. Time takes people away, but the truth of history cannot be forgotten. Before and after the meeting, I listened to Comrade Mao Zedong's speech and took part in some activities. That period was a turning point in my life and literary career. Like many of my contemporaries, under the guidance of my speech, I became a conscious revolutionary and soldier. Every time I think about this, I feel a heavy responsibility: I should leave a true and accurate history, not a distorted history. Only in real history can future generations fully feel the truth and glory of Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art. ..
The speech was delivered during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which was a great era, surging like the sea, and the Chinese nation ushered in a new life in the battle of death. "Red Star" shines on China, China's * * * production party becomes the banner of national liberation, and millions of progressive young intellectuals and many literary and art workers in Qian Qian rush to Yan 'an with ideals and passion. It's really like a sea of people and singing everywhere.
However, as Comrade Mao Zedong said in On Contradictions: "The interdependence and struggle of contradictions contained in everything determines the life of everything and promotes the development of everything. Nothing does not contain contradictions, and there is no world without contradictions. " After 1940, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered a very difficult stage. Internationally, Hitler's fascist siege of Stalingrad is in a critical situation. At home, the Kuomintang reactionaries took the opportunity to strengthen the blockade and attack on the liberated areas. At that time, life in Yan 'an was very bitter, the military uniform was tattered, and millet and potatoes were eaten every day. In this case, although most people still maintain high revolutionary fighting spirit, some people's petty-bourgeois vacillation is also exposed, and there is a gray trend in Yan 'an.
In fact, before this, the ideological struggle in the literary and art circles had already begun. Although some writers claim to be "revolutionaries", as Comrade Mao Zedong said, coming to the liberated areas from the garret does not mean being integrated with the people in the liberated areas. At a large rally in memory of Lu Xun, some people even said, "My pen directs the two parties"! It caused fierce criticism at that time. At around 1942, this trend of thought spread like rain and fog. There is a bulletin board at the mouth of Dabie ditch, called "Qingqi Team", which is covered with all kinds of strange small print newspapers. In addition, the bigger position is the literary supplement of Jiefang Daily, which published some remarks slandering the * * * production party and the liberated areas.
Comrade Hu Qiaomu quoted a document 1943 in his memoirs, summarizing the problems exposed by Yan 'an literary and art circles:
On the issue of "the writer's standpoint", some people think that a writer can do without Marxist-Leninist standpoint, or that having Marxist-Leninist standpoint will hinder writing. On the issue of "writing light and writing darkness", some people advocate "exposing darkness" to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the revolution. Writing light is "formulaic (so-called eulogy)", and now it is "the era of essays" From these thoughts, there have been serious debates about "the relationship between culture and the Party, the relationship between party member writers and the Party, the relationship between writers and real life, and the combination, improvement and popularization of writers and workers and peasants". Disputes within writers, disputes between writers and other parties are also endless. "("Hu Qiaomu recalled Mao Zedong ",p. 254).
In this gray ideological trend, many people have written many things that are contrary to the party, and I am no exception. At that time, I wrote two novels, both of which were published in the journal edited by Jun Xiao. Now I can't find them. Those two articles propagated petty-bourgeois sentiments, vilified workers and peasants cadres, inflated themselves and denied reality.
At that time, I was a branch secretary of Wenkang. Yan' an has two literary and art units, one is Lu Yi (Lu Xun Art College), and Zhou Yang is the dean; The other is "Wenkang" (Yan 'an Branch of China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles). Ai Siqi, secretary of the Central Cultural Committee, is the director and Ding Ling is the deputy director. Later, Ai Siqi was transferred to Jiefang Daily, and Hu Qiaomu took over as the secretary of the Culture Commission, leading "Wenkang". These two units have gathered a large number of writers, artists and young artists. Far apart, but frequently connected in series, one after another, the evil wind and cold rain intensified. One day when I reported to Hu Qiaomu, I suggested that the two party organizations should have contact to stop this abnormal situation. Hu Qiaomu said that you should go to Lu Yi and talk to Zhou Yang about this problem.
"Lu Yi" is in Qiaoergou Church. Starting from Wenkang, it will cross Yang Jialing and Liangqingshan along Yanhe River, then turn east and cross the vast airport. I climbed the mountain to Lu Yi. Maybe Hu Qiaomu called, and Zhou Yang seems to be waiting for me. On that day, the two of us had a heart-to-heart talk and finally agreed that the two party organizations should communicate and cooperate with each other when something happened. This conversation is very important, and the relationship between "Lu Yi" and "Wenkang" has become close and United.
Then one day, Ding Ling and I took a walk together and walked past Yang Jialing, where the central government is located. Ding Ling pointed to the top of the mountain and said, There is a fierce occasion here tonight. As soon as I heard it, I understood that what she meant was that her article "March 8 Feelings" was going to be criticized, and I advised her to treat it calmly.
Sure enough, at the meeting to discuss the revision of Liberation Daily, the military leaders were very angry at all kinds of strange phenomena in Yan 'an literary and art circles, which set off a storm of fierce attacks. He Long criticized Ding Ling and said, We are fighting at the front. Why do you scold our commander-in-chief? As far as I know, Comrade Mao Zedong also persuaded the army not only to criticize the writers and artists, but also to get close to them, influence them and change them. Since then, He Long and Wang Zhen have visited everyone in Wenkang. They are humble and kind, and get along well with everyone.