Wisteria, also known as Zhu Teng, or Zhao Teng, Zhao Douteng and vine, belongs to the genus Wisteria of Butterfly Family and belongs to deciduous climbing shrubs. Buds appear in March and bloom in April, with 20 to 80 iris flowers per shaft. Wisteria is cultivated wild or everywhere, and its roots and seeds are used as medicine, which is sweet, slightly warm and slightly toxic. Bark contains two kinds, flowers contain volatile oil and leaves contain genistein. Wisteria language: intoxicating love, yearning for you. Wisteria will bear pod-like fruit after flowering, which hangs between branches and has a special taste. Sometimes it blooms again in late summer and early autumn. Ears and pods set off against the green leaves. Under normal circumstances, potted wisteria should be cut off in time to avoid nutrient consumption. Wisteria is a deciduous vine. During its dormant period, the branch layout can be adjusted in combination with pruning to maintain a beautiful posture. Wisteria has a long life and extensive management. As long as sufficient sunshine and proper water and fertilizer are guaranteed, flowers will bloom every year.
Maintenance method of wisteria:
A, pruning and maintenance:
3/ 1. Pruning in dormant period is mainly to adjust vine types, make its growth trend fixed, properly thinning branches to facilitate the utilization of nutrient space, and delete some non-flowering branches.
3/2. Post-flowering pruning can be carried out by strongly pruning the branches of the previous year, erasing too many buds and appropriately reducing the height to ensure the shrub shape and sufficient strong branches in that year. After autumn, before flower bud differentiation, the branches should be properly pruned and thinned to keep the buds under long branches differentiated into flower buds.
3/3. After defoliation in winter, carry out a comprehensive pruning of plants, cut off dry and dead branches, and shorten the branches of that year by 1/3 to 2/3, so as to make them different in length and patchwork. In winter, move to a cold room or spend the winter in a sunny place outside, and keep the basin soil from freezing. Wipe off the dense buds in time after germination in spring, so that nutrients can be concentrated on the remaining branches, which is beneficial to flowering. Turn over the pot once every 1-2 years before germination, remove some old soil when turning over the pot, and put some fertilizers with high phosphorus content such as decomposed animal hoof and broken bone residue at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. Potted soil should be loose, fertile and slightly acidic soil with good drainage.
Second, fertilization and maintenance:
Fertilization and maintenance of wisteria can be divided into three steps: (1) Apply base fertilizer, preferably organic fertilizer, around the stem of wisteria in autumn, and water it after application. (2) Before germination in early spring, it is advisable to apply concentrated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 times every half month, and then apply phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizer 1 times before flowering. Don't use too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise only branches and leaves will grow, and flowers will be scarce or not bloom. (3) Pruning in time after flowering, cutting off pedicels, and topdressing nitrogen-based compound fertilizer or base fertilizer 1 time.
Third, specific measures:
(1) water
Wisteria consumes a lot of water, but it is still better dry than wet. Pot soil is only wet and dry, which is not conducive to its flowering. The principle you should master is not to water, but to water thoroughly. Especially in the flower bud differentiation period in August, water should be properly controlled. Normal watering can be carried out in September. Water less after the leaves fall in late autumn. In the growing season of spring and summer, we should fully water and keep the soil moist. After autumn, it is necessary to control watering to prevent autumn shoots from sprouting, which is conducive to more flowers in the coming year.
(2) Fertilization
Applying thin fertilizer frequently is an important measure to make wisteria flourish. During the growing period, the pancake fertilizer can be applied once every half month with watering until July-August. Fertilization will continue in September, but the frequency and concentration should be reduced appropriately. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied properly before flowering. Applying pancake fertilizer and water once every half month during the growing period of wisteria, and applying phosphate fertilizer before flowering can make the flowers flourish and increase the ornamental effect.
(3) Pruning
When wisteria grows tender buds in spring, it is necessary to properly pick off dense buds. When the new branch grows to more than 20 centimeters long, the long part can be cut off. Usually, we should pay attention to cutting off long branches, diseased branches and weak branches at any time. Pruning should also be done during the dormant period. In September, the old leaves of wisteria are prone to aging and drooping, which affects the appearance. You can pick old leaves and promote the germination of new leaves. The sprouted new leaves are green and tender, which can delay the defoliation period and prolong the viewing period.
(4) Pests and diseases
Wisteria has leaf-eating pests such as dead leaf moth, aphid and thorn moth. The dead leaf moth can spray trichlorfon or phoxim 300 times. Aphids and stickleback moths can be sprayed with 80% thiophanate-methyl 1200 times solution (control is better in May and June).
Summer: Wisteria leaves are dark green, and she stretches out strong bones and muscles, with more and more leaves and extremely lush growth. Walking into the long corridor, everything is green, and even the clothes are reflected in light green. With the singing of birds, it gives people a refreshing feeling of lingering. Only then did I realize that there was a slight breeze blowing gently, and I came face to face with a refreshing fragrance.
Autumn: She is like a beautiful poem, a wonderful painting. Yellow wisteria leaves fall slowly with the autumn wind.
Winter: She is more like a clean girl. On the abrupt vine stem, the snow is piled up and wrapped in silver, which is very charming.
Improper maintenance and management of potted wisteria often leads to non-flowering. Potted wisteria: If you overwinter indoors, the room temperature should not be too high, otherwise you will not be able to fully hibernate, which will consume too much stored nutrients and affect the next year's flowering. Correct fertilization: potted wisteria will affect flowering if it lacks fertilizer or fertilizes too much. Generally, diluted cake fertilizer is applied before flowering, and long-acting phosphate fertilizer is applied after flowering to promote flower bud differentiation. No more fertilization in winter and summer. The vines of potted wisteria will stretch and climb to consume nutrients. If this situation is found, it should be cut off immediately, otherwise the vines will grow rapidly and the plants will not bloom.
Wisteria uses:
1, garden use:
Wisteria blooms first in spring, and its ears are big and beautiful. Moreover, wisteria is resistant to various harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine and hydrogen chloride. As a deep-rooted plant, the taproot is very long and the lateral roots are few, so it grows particularly well in deep, loose and fertile soil.
2. Medical application:
Wisteria contains volatile oil, seeds contain genistein and bark contains glycoside. Taste, sweet, bitter, warm, slightly toxic. It has analgesic and insecticidal effects, and is mainly used for treating abdominal pain and pinworm disease. Note that seeds contain cyanide compounds, which may be poisoned if used too much. Although it is used to treat pinworm disease, it should not be taken for a long time.
3, decorative applications:
Wisteria is a long-lived tree species and is deeply loved by people. Adult plants have long stems and many flowers, clusters of inflorescences are hung between green vines, and slender pods sway in the wind. Since ancient times, China literati have liked to write poems and paint on it. In the courtyard, use it to crawl around scaffolding to make a flower gallery, or use it to crawl around dead trees, which means dead trees are born. It can also be made into a cliff-style bonsai with beautiful posture, and placed on the tops of several high shelves and bookcases. Flowers and trees are sparse and the old piles are placed obliquely, which has a unique charm.
The beauty of wisteria
First, it is beautiful: its vines are mostly left-handed, and its plant type is rigid and simple, which can be as high as 10 meter. The leaves are pinnately compound, and each leaf has 7- 1 1 lobule. Lush onions are soft and full of vitality. Every year in late spring, there will be a bunch of lilac butterfly spikes, each with 5 petals and a flower core. Each ear has 10-20 flowers, about a foot long, drooping gently and emitting bursts of fragrance.
Second, the beauty of branches and vines: Wisteria is a climbing shrub in Leguminosae, also known as Hua Teng and Wisteria. Its branches are extremely thick, which can be vines or trees. Gu Teng has been planted in Beijing Zhongshan Park for hundreds of years, and some vines are difficult for two people to hold together. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, some wisteria can exist independently without attaching to other things. Even if it withers in half, once it is cared for, it can revive the dead wood, germinate new buds again and stubbornly rush to the journey of life.
Third, the beauty of modeling: the air is extremely dirty, but wisteria is thriving and can help purify the environment. Moreover, it has strong plasticity and adapts to various shapes. Between parks or courtyards, arches, hedge walls, flower stands and pavilions can be shaped to increase the aesthetic feeling of artificial modeling. Therefore, among all kinds of lianas for vertical greening, although there are flowers such as campbell, morning glory covered with thick shade, yellow and white honeysuckle, crackling and dazzling fireworks, they are not as colorful, elegant and agile as wisteria, and are praised as "the first vine in the world" by many flower lovers.