Li Bai's "Into the Wine": the first song to persuade wine in ancient and modern times
Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?
Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, bring the wine in! Let your cup never stop! .
Let me sing you a song! , let your ears participate! ：
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me get drunk forever and never be rational! .
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .
Five flower horses, golden jubilee, give them to the boy for good wine, and share the eternal sorrow with you!
-Li Bai's "Into the Wine"
1
Will enter the wine, the poem of Han Yuefu belongs to Han Xuange. "Yuefu Poetry" Volume 16: The ancient word "I will drink wine and get white" is mainly about drinking and singing. Judging from the creation of the predecessors, there are people who drink at court and those who drink in tourism, all of whom have the intention to persuade them to drink. Yuan Xiao Shi Yue: "Tang people are still lingering, and Taibai fills them with words to show himself." (Supplementary Notes on the Classification of Li Taibai's Poems)
The title of the poem is also "cherishing emptiness" and "cherishing emptiness and drinking".
2
There are different opinions about the writing time of poetry.
It is generally believed that Li Bai was expelled from the palace during the Tianbao period. For example, Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty compiled by the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences: "It was written after the Hanlin returned the gold. Li Bai was very depressed at that time, and this article expressed his mood. " According to the Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, the book was written in the 11th year of Tianbao (752).
Bashu Bookstore put forward different opinions on the chronological annotation of Li Bai's Complete Works, which is considered to be the same as those of Reward Cen Xun, Seek Yuan Danqiu, Treat Wine with Poetry, See Zhao and other works. The location is Angelababy Mountain Residence where Yuan Danqiu lived in the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736). The reason is: "Looking at Li Ji, before he entered Chang 'an, there were few feelings in his works, let alone complaints; "Second, after I entered Chang 'an and went to Korea, I was extremely sad and complained. Only after entering Chang 'an and before entering Chang 'an, people often grumble and complain. This is true of Liang, and so is Fu Liangyin, especially Into the Wine. "
The statement of the twenty-four years of Kaiyuan is very reasonable.
three
Can drink, persuade people to drink. The meaning of "please" is pronounced qing This pronunciation has a long history. The antithesis in Jiyun and Hongwu Zheng Yun is "Thousand Sheep Chop" and "Rhyme Club" is "Seven Sheep Chop", which is different from "Good Chop" and "Bright Chop" in your legend and your legend. "Liangqie" and "Ziliangqie" are translated into the pronunciations of Beijing (homophony with Jiang) and Jiang (homophony with Jiang) in today's Beijing dialect. Please help Bo with upright generals, such as The Book of Songs Feng Weiman and The Book of Songs Xiaoya in the First Month.
four
There are various explanations about how the water of the Yellow River moved to the sky. For example, money is optional: "Gage said it was too high." Tang Ruxun's Interpretation of Tang Poetry: ... It is said that Kunlun, the source of the river, never returned to the sea; If a person's appearance suddenly changes, unlike a river, but you can't drink it? "Bashu Bookstore's Chronology of Li Bai's Complete Works" Note: "Yang Yingshan in Yuandanqiu is not far from the Yellow River, so it rises with the Yellow River." Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House's Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry: "The Yellow River has a long history and a great gap, such as falling from the sky, spilling thousands of miles and entering the sea eastward." (Author Zhou Xiaotian)
These explanations are reasonable, but they are neither comprehensive nor accurate. In fact, Li Bai's poem mainly uses the poems and poems of Han Yuefu's long songs: "When will the hundred rivers return to the east and the sea to the west?" A lazy youth, a lousy age. "Li Bai changed Hundred Rivers to Yellow River. In addition, the saying that the water of the Yellow River comes from a high place is obviously a well-known geographical knowledge in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Zhihuan wrote "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" in Liangzhou Ci, and Li Bai wrote "To Pei XIV": "The Yellow River fell into the East China Sea, and Wan Li wrote it in his heart. "Can be used as evidence.
five
Highgarden Spiegel is a lovely lock. Some people say that Gao Tang refers to his mother, which is wrong. The reason for this is the following：
First of all, "Gaotang" in Tang poetry mostly refers to "Gaokaiting" or "Gaotang". For example, Zhang's "Youzhou Night Drink" "There is a high hall banquet, so you can forget the evening heart." Wang Wei's "The Spectator" "My beloved son traveled to Zhao Yan, and Gao Tang had an old relative."
Secondly, in Li Bai's other poems, "Gaotang" basically refers to "Gaokaitang" or "Gaotang". For example, "the candle in the high hall in the sunset glow is dim, and hanging the tassel is not anti-Hosta." ("Three Poems of Mi Bai" (Part III) "When you get started, you are ashamed to go to high school." ("Antique") "Gao Tang's pink walls are full of flowers, and Cangzhou is bright before the candle." ("Song Tongmeng Hui Jin Shu Love Candlelight Landscape Mural")
More importantly, from a poetic point of view, the last sentence "You didn't see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of the sky and entered the ocean, never to return" refers to the irreversible passage of things in space; "Didn't you see the lovely hair in the bright mirror of the high room? Although it was silky black in the morning, it turned into snow at night" is an irreversible passage of life in time. The former is a natural phenomenon, while the latter is a life phenomenon; The former is him (it) and the latter is me. It corresponds to neatness and naturalness. If the meaning of mother and filial piety comes out here, it will destroy this correspondence. "Into the Wine" is a poem to persuade friends to drink and promote the idea of eating, drinking and having fun, which has nothing to do with parents and filial piety.
In addition, how cute Gao Tingming's mirror lock is, and the remnants of Dunhuang in Gao Tang are used as the bedside, which also shows that Gao Tang is a place to hang mirrors, which has nothing to do with parents.
six
Since God has given talents, let them be used! There are the following versions: first, I am born with talent; Second, I was born with money; Third, I was born with handsome talent. In the first edition, the word "open" may be understood as luck, but it still has the disadvantage of unclear meaning; The third edition of "Cai Jun" is not necessarily related to his daughter (Li Baiyou's poem "Zhu Yuyang laughs, dross raises a gifted scholar"), and the poem is abrupt; The second version, with the following sentence "1000 yuan is scattered", looks not high in style. In contrast, today's popular "since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" Is the gentlest and most decent. In fact, I think the second version is more like Li Bai's style, which complements the poems such as "a barrel of wine costs 10 thousand coins, and there are many laughs" and "why should the host say that there is less money?" Maybe the original.
Thousand yuan is scattered, and many versions of "thousand yuan" are "gold". Li Bai's History of Peichang in Shang 'an Prefecture: "In less than a year, I traveled eastward to Weiyang and scattered more than 300,000 yuan. There are several sons who are poor and I have learned from them. " According to Li Bai's language style and living conditions, the amount of his self-reported money may be exaggerated, but judging from his wide range of friends, it should be true that he is generous with money.
There are sheep, cows and pigs when cooking a sheep and killing a cow to stimulate appetite. This may not be an accidental phenomenon, but there are reasons behind it. For example, Li Bai is from northwest Man Zi and doesn't eat pork.
Let me, 300 bowls, a long drink! This is not about Li Bai's actual drinking capacity, but an allusion. Hsuanchan's "Show Books with Brothers and Children": "Zheng Kangcheng drinks 300 cups at a time, but I don't think too much."
seven
Master Cen, Cen Can, is from Nanyang. Yan Zhenqing, the author of the book "Liang Jing Thousand Buddha Temple Multi-pagoda Induction Monument". It is wrong for some people to regard "Cen Can" as Cen Can. Cen Can is fifteen or sixteen years younger than Li Bai, and Li Bai can't call him "Master Cen". To say that Master Cen refers to Cen Xun, the most powerful evidence is "rewarding Cen Xun to find Yuan Danqiu, and treating wine with poetry", which has two messages: First, Cen Xun and Yuan Danqiu are familiar and have been hanging out together; Second, Cen Can, Yuan Danqiu and Li Bai are drinking friends and have a harmonious relationship. In addition, the sentences in the poem, such as "open your face and drink wine, you will suddenly get drunk" and "pay attention to your daughter and smile at the tourists", are similar to "drink wine" in meaning and style.
Dan Qiusheng, namely Yuan Danqiu, lives in Angelababy (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), where Li Bai was invited to visit and stay. Preface to Li Bai's "Topic Yuan Dan Qiu Angelababy Shan Jutu": "Dan Qiu's family is in Angelababy, which is a new business. It is adjacent to Maling in the north, Lianfengsongqiu in the south and Lutai in the south. Extremely eye-catching, clouds reflect depression, which is a good thing. I ran for nothing, so I have this work. " There are more than ten poems related to Yuan Danqiu in Li Bai's poetry collection. It can be seen that they made friends very early and have a deep friendship.
Cao Zhi, formerly known as Chen.
A barrel of wine costs 10,000 coins, and there are many laughs. Cao Zhi's "Famous Capital": "Go back to the banquet for pleasure, and the wine will compete for 1000." Pingle, Taoist temple name.
Five-color horse, the color of horse hair is five patterns, which means trimming the long hair on the horse neck into five petals. Du Fu's "Du Gao Hu Qi Malaysia Airlines": "Five flowers are scattered, and Wan Li is sweating."
Qian, Biography of Historical Records and Meng Changjun: "Meng Changjun has fox white hair, which is worth thousands of dollars."
eight
The most striking feature of this poem is its bold style. Yan Yu said that because of his lofty sentiments, "people can't appreciate words and sentences" (commenting on Li Taibai's poems). Xu Zeng of A Qing Dynasty praised him as "the boldest and most talented" (Two Tang Poems). The basic style of Li Bai's poems is "meditation on the moon god". After drinking too much, under the dual effects of alcohol anesthesia and excitement, the genre was changed to Ode to Dionysus. This poem belongs to Dionysus's type of happy songs.
In addition to its unconstrained style, I think there is another important reason why this poem is so popular: it can be called an eternal masterpiece to persuade wine. China has a long history of brewing and a profound drinking culture. The art of persuading wine has wide practical significance. Li Bai's poems are from the Yellow River gone forever, to the lack of money and flowers, to the fact that only drinkers can be immortal, urging friends to buy wine and drink, with a rainbow of momentum and a flood of epigrams, which people can't refuse. This poem can make the drinker feel powerful and can make the escaper feel ashamed. Throughout the ages, the great power and efficacy of persuading wine in poetry and prose works seems to be unparalleled.