The previous filth was not enough to brag, but now there is no end to debauchery.
In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day.
The first two sentences of this poem reflect his failure in the past two exams, his lost mood and his cold reception. Compare the fame and pride you get now. It highlights the sulking in the comfort after high school, and the idea of sneaking into Longmen is boiling. In the last two sentences, he said that he galloped proudly across the horse in the spring breeze and saw the flowers in Chang 'an in one day, showing an extremely happy mood.
Through this poem by Meng Jiao, we can see the importance of imperial examination to literati at that time. Climbing to the top is soaring and then entering another track of life.
There was even a tradition of "catching husbands under the list" in the Song Dynasty. It is said that rich gentry and officials all over the country are scrambling to choose Deng's son as a son-in-law. Sometimes they even use guns directly.
Professor Dai Jianye said in his interpretation of "seeing all the flowers in Chang 'an in one day": "Meng Jiao sees all the beautiful women in Chang 'an in one day because many dignitaries and squires are vying for him to be a son-in-law." He compared the flowers in Chang 'an to the beauty of Chang 'an. Although this explanation is a bit exaggerated, it is still quite interesting.
The imperial examination, a relatively fair and just system for selecting officials, can completely change the fate of life after ranking first. This makes the poor students in the world see hope. It greatly stimulated the reading enthusiasm of the Tang people, made the world style of writing extremely prosperous, and played a very positive role in the development of Tang poetry in particular.
The reason why the Tang Dynasty attached importance to the imperial examination was that the side effects of the official selection system became more and more obvious. The influence of the gate and the gentry became more and more powerful, and Emperor Wendi of Sui felt that he was in control of the gentry, which was out of control. He initiated the imperial examination system and wanted to select some non-gentry officials through the imperial examination system to slowly change the pattern of the imperial court at that time.
Because the system was not perfect at first, the gentry were unwilling to harm their own interests and United to oppose and resist the popularization of the imperial examination system. Because the Sui Dynasty was too short and the imperial examination system was still in the process of perfection, the Sui Dynasty was gone. Therefore, during the Sui Dynasty, the imperial examinations achieved little.
The imperial examination system in Sui Dynasty was not successful, so why did the imperial court spend a lot of manpower and material resources to implement the imperial examination system after the establishment of Tang Dynasty? There are several reasons:
1, concentrated. The main reason for the failure of the imperial examination system in Sui Dynasty was the obstruction of the gentry. On the surface, the rapid demise of the Sui Dynasty was due to Yang Di's fatuity, but in fact it was also due to the excessive influence of the gentry. The Tang Dynasty itself was established with the help of the "Guanlong gentry".
Those in power in the Tang dynasty clearly realized that centralization was necessary and the gentry could not expand any more. So as not to follow in the footsteps of the Sui Dynasty.
The system of intermediate nine grades is the foundation for gentry to become bigger. In order to centralize power and gradually weaken the influence of the gentry, we must find an official selection system that is beneficial to the court.
Although the imperial examination system in Sui Dynasty was not very successful, it was in the interest of those in power. Therefore, since Tang Gaozu, the imperial court has been committed to promoting the imperial examination system.
By the time of Emperor Taizong, the "Shandong gentry" was still very strong. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, there were many collisions and frictions between the imperial court and the "Shandong gentry", and Emperor Taizong took weakening the power of the "Shandong gentry" as a top priority. Even ordered Gao Shilian to compile clan records. In the reconstructed genealogy, Li of the royal family was ranked first, followed by consorts, and Shandong gentry was ranked third. Therefore, Emperor Taizong paid more attention to the imperial examination system.
The implementation of the imperial examination is of great significance to the imperial court, which is also an important reason why the Tang Dynasty attached so much importance to the imperial examination. Tang Gaozong and Wuhou even presided over the examination in person, which is the origin of the court examination.
The Chronicle of Emperor Gaozong, an old Tang book, was published in the spring and February of four years, and pro-government tried to raise a jury. There are 900 people, but Guo and Zhang Jiuling live in the first place, so they are ordered to write a letter to the museum and worship its fighting.
Through a series of measures taken by the imperial court and the smooth implementation of the imperial examination system. By the time of Wu Zetian, the strength and image of "Shandong gentry" had greatly declined. This also proves the role of the imperial examination.
2. Select talents. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the world, the lack of talents was also the reason why the imperial examination system was vigorously promoted by the court. The old talent selection mechanism does not look at talent, but at family level. The ancients said that "scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce" can only be elected officials if they are born as "gentry".
Professor Dai Jianye: "If you want to be a prime minister, you must come from a first-class or second-class gentry. If you come from a ninth-class family, you can only be a county magistrate at most. "
When I was born, I already decided whether I can be an official in my life, what kind of official I can be, and where there are people who are willing to study hard. Even the gentry can't, let alone come from a poor family. Therefore, the imperial court was short of talents.
The implementation of the imperial examination can alleviate the shortage of talents in the imperial court. Moreover, the choice of talents is also very wide.
3. The success of the imperial examination system in the early Tang Dynasty greatly restricted the development of the gentry. The implementation of the imperial examination system selected a large number of politicians for the imperial court, such as Yao Chong and Zhang Jiuling. The rulers in the middle and late Tang dynasty strengthened their determination to carry out the imperial examination system. With the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, its contribution to the imperial court is increasing, and its social influence is also increasing. Therefore, the imperial court paid more and more attention to the implementation of the imperial examination system.
Xue, the prime minister of the emperor's period, said: "I still have three hates in my life, one of which is that I don't care about Jinshi." I am the prime minister, but unfortunately I didn't get into the Jinshi exam. It can be seen that it is a glorious thing to become a scholar through the imperial examination, which also reflects how successful the imperial examination system was at that time.
Why did the imperial examination promote the success of the imperial examination system in the development of Tang poetry, greatly promoted the enthusiasm of the Tang people for reading, and made the Tang people's thirst for culture and worship of literati reach an unprecedented height. Tang poetry also got rapid development and progress in this period. Why did the imperial examination promote the development of Tang poetry? There are three reasons:
1, the content of scientific research form.
The imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty were divided into two categories: regular subjects and system subjects. Regular subjects are held every year, and system subjects are temporarily set by the Emperor.
Temporary and irregular scientific research, presided over by the emperor himself, is called the production department. The imperial examination system still has a certain shadow. When examiners mark papers, the word-of-mouth of candidates is often one of the considerations.
There are many general subjects, which are divided into scholar, Ming Jing, Jinshi, Fa Ming, Shu Ming, Ming suan, etc. according to candidates' conditions and examination contents. Although there are many subjects, Ming Jing and Jinshi are still the main subjects in selecting officials.
The main examination contents of Ming Classics include classics and Mohism. Sticking classics is a bit like filling in the blanks in modern exams. Test questions are usually extracted from a classic sentence and covered with a few words. Candidates need to fill in the missing words;
As for Mo Yi, there are some questions and answers about the Bible. Examining Jinshi mainly requires candidates to create poems with specific themes, and sometimes add classics.
After Tang Gaozong, the status of Jinshi gradually surpassed that of Ming Classics and became the only important subject in the imperial examination. The main reason for this phenomenon is the candidates of Jinshi, who don't memorize. It is a scholar's true talent and practical learning, an understanding of classics, ancient books and historical books, and a view of current affairs and government affairs.
The Ming Classics are much simpler, and you only need to read the classics to get in. In addition, the selection criteria for Jinshi are very strict, and the number of people admitted is often only one tenth of that of Mingjing. At that time, there was a saying: "at the age of 30, I was quiet and I was a scholar at the age of 50", which revealed the difficulty of being a scholar.
Because, Jinshi mainly tests poetry and fu. Therefore, writing poetry was a fashion at that time. Scholars should not only study classics, read poems and write poems, but also become their main direction of learning. It can be said that if you can't write a good poem, you are not a scholar.
Therefore, the implementation of the imperial examination system greatly promoted the development of Tang poetry, and it was extremely rapid.
2. Examination qualification.
After the implementation of the imperial examination system, it is no longer, only the gentry can enter the DPRK as officials. "Agriculture, industry and commerce", everyone in the world can participate in scientific research. This makes those poor scholars see hope, and also makes all scholars in the world see hope. It also makes more scholars, and many people hope to change their own and their families' fate through the imperial examination.
After all, there were only a few "gentry", so before the implementation of the imperial examination system, there were not many scholars, and even fewer people liked to write poems. It can be said that before the implementation of the imperial examination system, writing poetry was a noble game. With the implementation of the imperial examination system, people with lofty ideals all over the world have come to study and compose poems. Therefore, with the implementation of the imperial examination system, the number of people reading and writing poems increased geometrically.
After graduation, the fish jumped into the Longmen.
Once you pass the exam, you will get the carp yue longmen, which will completely change your destiny. This is the core factor that stimulates people all over the world to read books and poems.
It is for these reasons that poetry became the most popular literary genre in the Tang Dynasty. It has also made unprecedented development in quantity and quality.
What specific influences did imperial examinations have on Tang poetry? The Tang Dynasty was the most successful period in the history of China's poetry culture. It can be described as "unprecedented, no one will come after." Poetry of any era can't be compared with Tang poetry.
Song Yu Yan said in Cang Lang Shi Hua: "Or ask why Tang poetry wins our court?" "Tang studies poetry, so I specialize in learning more, and my poetry is not as good as mine."
Yan Yu's analysis is objective and to the point. Indeed, taking poetry as a compulsory subject in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty made the achievements of poetry culture in the Tang Dynasty reach an unparalleled height.
What influence did the imperial examination have on Tang poetry?
1, social atmosphere is formed.
After the selection and distribution of officials was changed from the nine-product system to the imperial examination system. Scholars all over the world have opportunities. As long as they can study hard at the cold window, they will have a chance to make a difference. Those "scholars" who want to be officials in North Korea must also study hard. The atmosphere of the whole society suddenly changed, and everyone fell in love with reading. Everyone is proud to be a scholar and become a scholar in the world. Everyone learns to write poetry. A good poem will be respected by the world.
2. Poetry is no longer the patent of aristocrats.
Before the Tang Dynasty, Yu Xin, Xie Lingyun, Wu Jun, Bao Zhao, Xie Tiao and Shen Yue, including Tao Yuanming, were all famous poets. They were all "gentry" or their ancestors were officials and generals.
Before the Tang Dynasty, it could not be absolutely said that poetry was exclusive to "gentry" and "aristocrats", but most poets came from good backgrounds. The biggest reason is that there are too few poor scholars and even fewer poems. Poetry has become the exclusive pronoun of "gentry".
Since the implementation of the imperial examination system, the number of scholars has increased geometrically. Moreover, scholars who want to take the imperial examination must learn and write poems. Therefore, from the beginning of the imperial examination, poetry is not exclusive to the "gentry", but everyone in the world, "everyone can poetry."
The quantitative change of the number of people reading and writing poems is the greatest influence and promotion of the imperial examination system on Tang poetry.
3. Influence on the quality of Tang poetry.
The quality of poetry directly affects whether it is the first place. It can be said that poetry is a stepping stone to promotion and wealth. Therefore, only those who are good at this have the opportunity, and life will change. It can be said that at that time, the best way to change life was to write poetry, and a good poem was needed.
Therefore, the study and research of poetry reached a new height at that time. In addition, the number of people writing poems has also increased dramatically. Tang poetry changed from quantitative change to qualitative change.
Many people in modern times say that "all good poems are written by Tang people", but I don't agree with this view. Where there is a truth that a good poem has been written, it is just that different levels of attention lead to different results. Dare to write a metrical poem into the college entrance examination, accounting for 50 points. I promise that in 20 years, Du Li of our time will appear.
4. The richness of poetic themes.
With the implementation of the imperial examination system, poets have one more subject to write poems. We all know "drinking poems", "farewell poems", "frontier poems" and "pastoral poems". And the appearance of the imperial examination, there is one more "imperial examination poem".
There are many poems about the imperial examination, such as: choosing a hometown, writing articles, roaming and inviting names, failing the list, and so on.
Like a famous poem, Zhang Ji's "a night-mooring near maple bridge" was written when he went out to play after falling behind. Jia Dao's The Next is more famous. wait for
The appearance of poems on the theme of imperial examinations greatly enriched the theme of poems.
5. A large number of famous poets were admitted to the department.
Zhang Jiuling, Chen Ziang, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Du Mu, Wang Wei, Li Shangyin, Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Liu Yuxi, Wang Changling, Cen Can, etc. A large number of well-known poets once ascended the throne. This can reflect the promotion of the imperial examination to poetry at that time.
It is precisely because there are so many famous poets who have been in the first place. They greatly enhanced the confidence of scholars all over the world. Let more people read and learn poetry. This is a virtuous circle.
Therefore, through the above points, it can be said that the implementation of the imperial examination system has prospered the poetry culture and promoted the development of Tang poetry.
Conclusion The implementation of imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty played a vital role in the prosperity and progress of Tang poetry. China's poetry culture made a great breakthrough in quality and quantity in the Tang Dynasty.
The implementation of the imperial examination system had an indelible impact on China's poetry culture.