Wang Anshi
The eaves of Mao Yan are long and quiet, without moss.
Flowers and trees are all planted by hand.
Fields protected by water will be green,
Two mountains and one row (2) send green.
To annotate ...
Mr. Hu Yin: Yang Defeng, Wang Anshi's neighbor when he lived in Zijinshan, Jinling.
②: Road arrangement: Push the door open.
Brief analysis
Wang Anshi retired to Jiangning in his later years, and his mood became calm. He studied Buddhism by reciting poems and created many quatrains describing scenery and expressing emotions, which are widely known. Huang Tingjian commented: "Gong Jing wrote a poem in his later years, which is elegant and refined." (See the previous volume Hu Zai "Tiaoxi Fishing and Concealing Conghua" (Volume 35). Zeng Jiji's Poems on Zhouzhai also said: "Gong Jing's quatrains are strange all over the world", "The quatrains are strange, written by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty, written by Gong Jing in this dynasty, and these two are correct". There are two poems entitled "Mr. Yin wrote the wall of the lake", which are very distinctive and have been mentioned in most literary history. Mr. Hu Yin is another name of Yang Defeng and a neighbor of Wang Anshi. This poem describes the characteristics of Mr. Hu Yin's residence, writes an elegant artistic conception, and uses a delicate pen. Under the thatched eaves, because the owner often cleans and there is no moss, it looks clean and the whole yard is quiet. Please note that the poet said "quiet without moss", not "pure without moss". Here, "static" and "pure" focus on different objects, and the former contains more meanings than the latter. Because "clean" is the stone under the eaves of the thatched cottage, which only means a layer of cleanliness, while "quiet" is to decorate the whole environment and write an atmosphere. Besides, since the word "long sweep" has been said and the complement "no moss" has been clearly stated, there is no need to add the word "clean". The second sentence says that the flowers and trees grow well, and they are all planted by the director himself. These two sentences start from a small place and describe the scenery of Mr. Hu Yin's residence. While describing the external scenery of thatched eaves and flower beds, it also describes the inner temperament of the owner. This is a quiet, elegant and neat person. The last two sentences describe Mr. Hu Yin's living environment from the big picture: "One water protects the field, and two mountains turn green." Running water guards the fields and surrounds green crops; The two peaks are facing the house, as if to push open the door and give the owner a green hill. The poet uses antithesis, personification and metonymy to describe the scenery with emotion and interest. Mountains and rivers are heartless things, but poets say that water "protects fields" and mountains "send green". Water has a sense of protection for the fields, and mountains have a sense of intimacy for people, which makes the originally lifeless landscape human, soft, lovely and vibrant. Originally, water was surrounded by green crops, but the poet did not say specific plants, but replaced them with plant colors, saying that "green will be surrounded" and surrounded by green; Cyan, which is also empty, can't be made, but the poet said that mountains should be "green", turning reality into emptiness and full of poetry. The fact is that Mr. Hu Yin's home is close to the mountain. As soon as the host opened the door, he saw the green mountain peak. But if it is written as a castle peak, there is no poetry at all. The poet put it another way, wrote from the opposite side, took the mountain as the subject, turned silence into action, and created a beautiful sentence. This is really ingenious and amazing. The last two sentences are so well written that they are not entirely original by the poet and are for reference only. According to the Preface to Gaizhai in the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a poem by Shen Bin in the Five Dynasties: "The land turns around the city and the mountains surround the country." Wang Anshi's poems are modeled after Shen Shi's. Compared with Wang's words, Shen Shi is much inferior, dry and boring. Wang Anshi's skillful hand is far superior to blue because of its blue color. Therefore, people are very familiar with these two poems, but few people know about Shen's poems.