During this period, in addition to literati poems, there were Yuefu folk songs, ci fu, novels and literary theories in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is also an important stage of literary development. Confucianism lost its exclusive position and gradually declined. Metaphysics and Buddhism declined from prosperity to decline, which had a great influence on people's thoughts and literary concepts. Literary creation not only gradually got rid of a lot of bad habits of quoting classics, but also paid attention to the free expression of writers' feelings. And there are also many explorations in the form of expression of works. Literature in this period mainly includes three forms: Ci Fu, Parallel Prose and Prose. Compared with the prose of Han Dynasty, prose has changed obviously, from plain and dignified appearance to clear and dignified appearance. The creation of ci and fu also presents a new pattern, and the appearance of lyric fu is an important symbol of this change; Under the influence of paying attention to duality, melody and algae decoration, parallel prose appeared and matured.
In the early Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jian 'an literature, with three Cao sons (Cao Caopi) as the main representative, was gloomy and frustrated in style, heroic and passionate, and served the country. In the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, folk songs were mainly used to express the feelings of men and women, which were graceful and euphemistic.
Folk songs in the Southern Dynasties have a similar feature in content, that is, almost all of them are love songs.
Nine times out of ten these love songs are written by women, prostitutes and concubines. Some are still pornographic and have a strong sense of powder. So there are three main reasons: first, most of them are not from rural areas, but "city songs" with urban capital as the source; Secondly, they were incorporated by the rulers, not to "observe the customs and know the thickness", but to meet their dissolute needs; Thirdly, the beautiful natural environment and rich economic conditions in Jiangnan make it possible for young men and women, merchant boatmen, prostitutes who advocate Excellence and ordinary citizens to fall in love with spring.
Among the existing martial arts songs, there are 42 midnight songs, 75 midnight songs at four o'clock, 25 Huashan songs and 89 most important ones. Some write about the desire for love, such as "Midnight Song" (when I first wanted to know Lang); Some write about the joy of acquired love, such as "Reading the Nocturne" (killing chickens); Some write about the suffering of lovesickness, such as "Songs at Four o'clock in the Midnight and Winter Songs" (cold birds lean on high branches); Some write unswerving love, such as Winter Song at 4 o'clock at midnight (ice is three feet thick) and Huashan Ji (Huashan Ji, you will not die); Some write resentment against ungrateful men, such as "midnight song" (often troubled by two meanings); Some write about the unhappiness of marriage, such as Reading Nocturne. The language of these poems is simple and fresh, the feelings are sincere and delicate, the style is gorgeous and weak, and the sadness is lingering, which truly reproduces the complex mentality of Jiangnan women on love issues and is full of life breath.
Western songs are mostly about the parting feelings of businessmen and women on boats near the water. Many of them are love poems related to labor, which are different from Wu Shengge's boudoir atmosphere in emotional appeal and have a cheerful and lively style. For example, Shicheng Music (100 pieces of cloth sails), Mochou Music (Huan Wen Xiayangzhou), Nahetan (Huan Wen Xiayangzhou) and (you can find more when you fold it), Bapu (Qingpu holds purple velvet) and (Chaofagui), etc., or sign up, or duet, or be straightforward.
Shenxiange is a kind of folk xiange that entertains gods, and it has the characteristics of love between man and god. Some write about the beauty of male gods, which is manifested as "female pleases male ghosts", such as "Bai Shi Lang Qu" (Shi Ruyu); Some write about the private life of the goddess, expressing "men like women and ghosts", such as Qingxi sister-in-law.
The artistic characteristics of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties are mainly reflected in the following points: First, there are various genres, including four words, seven words and miscellaneous words in addition to five words; Second, the language is popular, simple and vigorous; Third, the expression is straightforward and the style is rough and bold, which is in sharp contrast with the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties. The unique artistic features and profound ideological content of the Northern Song are beyond the reach of the folk songs in the Southern Dynasties.
At that time, there were few descriptions of festivals in the Central Plains, and there were almost no Spring Festival works. Literature grasps the main context. Unless it is a special study, it is reasonable that no one will look for such non-mainstream works. First, there are few works; Second, it has little practical significance and no academic value. Who asked the landlord to do such meaningless homework?