Freud's masterpiece

Freud Sigmund 1856 was born in a Jewish family in Austria on May 6th, and 1873 studied medicine at Vienna University with excellent results. 1883- 1885, conducted important research on brain marrow and served as a lecturer in neuropathology; The anesthetic effect of cocaine was also found. Under the influence of J. Sharko, his interest shifted from clinical neurology to clinical psychopathology. 1895 co-authored with brower the study of hysteria, which initiated psychoanalysis. It is believed that the psychological process suppressed by consciousness is transformed into physical symptoms and hysteria, which can be treated by psychoanalysis. Technically, he abandoned the ancient hypnosis and replaced it with free association, that is, let the patient say whatever he wants, so as to discover the hidden cause. After analyzing many cases, he was convinced that sexual problems played an important role in the occurrence of neurosis. It is found that not only parents often have incest impulse, but this impulse is more manifested in children, even in infancy, which is the so-called Oedipus complex. He discovered the importance of dreams in psychoanalysis and thought that "dreams sum up the psychology of neurosis".

In the book Interpretation of Dreams (1895), the mechanism of dreams is incisively analyzed: in dreams, one thing is condensed into another, one person is replaced by another, and the dreamer's wishes are often met in disguise.

1908, on the basis of "Wednesday Conference on Psychology", he founded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. 19 10 developed into an international psychoanalytic association. He soon became famous all over Europe and was invited to give lectures in the United States. His theory shocked the medical community. 19 12 He systematically expounded the theory of the subconscious mind. It is believed that when an idea is suppressed by the conscious world, it still exists in the subconscious world and can be a hidden motive. In 1920, he reiterated the principle of seeking happiness-not seeking happiness, that is, the adaptation process between the impulse to seek happiness and the harsh reality of the outside world; It is also reiterated that internal stability is a psychological activity, which can minimize tension.

1923 Freud suffered from oral cancer and underwent surgery. In the same year, self and id were published, which divided the psychological structure into three layers: id, ego and superego. IUD is a treasure house of all kinds of instincts and desires. The part of Ayaad that is influenced by the external environment is called ego; The superego restricts instinctive activities, which is unique to human beings. After 19 1 1 year, there were differences within the international psychoanalytic association. A. Adler, W. Stark and C. Rong parted ways with Freud successively. 1938 after the Nazi occupation of Vienna, he moved to Britain.

Freud died in London on September 23rd, 1939.

As a doctor who treats mental illness, Freud founded a set of theories about human psychological structure and function. His views are not only widely used in psychiatry, but also in artistic creation, education and political activities. The main points of Freud's theory were revised and developed by later generations. People realize that people's behavior is not only dominated by sexual desire, but also social and economic factors play a role in the formation of personality and the cultivation of nature. Although Freud's theory has been repeatedly criticized, it has not damaged his image at all. His excellent theory, therapeutic technology and deep understanding of the hidden parts of human psychology have created a brand-new field of psychological research. The theory he founded fundamentally changed his view of human nature.