Author: Du Fu
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
Precautions:
1, Li Guinian: a famous musician in Tang Dynasty, appreciated by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and later lived in Jiangnan.
2. King of Qi: Li Longfan, the younger brother of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, is famous for his studiousness, intelligence and elegance.
3, ordinary: often.
4. Cui Jiu: Cui Di, who ranks ninth among the brothers, is Cui Kun's younger brother. When Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was in power, he used to be the supervisor of the temple, which was very popular with him. Cui was a famous surname at that time, which showed that he was valued.
5. Jiangnan: refers to the area around Hunan Province today.
6. Flowering period: late spring, usually referring to the third month of the lunar calendar. Falling flowers have many meanings, such as old age, social ills and chaos.
7. Jun: Li Guinian.
I have seen your performance in the Qi Palace before.
In front of Cui, I have heard your singing many times and appreciated your art.
Spring in the south of the Yangtze River is the season of falling flowers.
I didn't expect to meet your old acquaintance at this moment.
Center:
Sentimental and cold. Li Guinian was a famous singer in the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He often sang in the aristocratic giants. Du Fu was brilliant when he was a teenager, and he often went in and out of the gates of Li Longfan, the king of Qi, and Cui Di, the supervisor of Chinese books, in order to appreciate Li Guinian's singing art. The first two sentences of the poem are recalling the past communication with Li Guinian and expressing the poet's concern about the prosperity in the early years of Kaiyuan. The last two sentences are feelings about the decline of state affairs and the erratic artists. Only four sentences sum up the vicissitudes and life changes of the whole Kaiyuan period (note: the Kaiyuan period was 7 13 years and 74 1 year). The language is extremely plain, but the connotation is infinitely rich. [4]
Li Guinian was a famous singer who took care of him during the Kaiyuan period. Du Fu and Li Guinian met for the first time in his youth when he began to chant Phoenix, which coincided with the so-called Kaiyuan Prosperity. At that time, princes and nobles generally loved literature and art, and Du Fu, because of his early talent, was extended by Li Longfan, King of Qi, and Cui Di, Supervisor of Chinese Books, so that he could enjoy Li Guinian's singing in their mansion. An outstanding artist is not only a product of a specific era, but also a symbol of a specific era. In Du Fu's mind, Li Guinian is closely connected with the prosperous Kaiyuan era and his own romantic youth life. Decades later, they met again in Jiangnan. At this time, after eight years of turmoil, the Tang Dynasty has fallen from the peak of prosperity and fallen into many contradictions. Du Fu wandered around Tanzhou, scattered his bones, running around bitter but not warm, and his later situation was extremely bleak; Li Guinian also lives in Jiangnan. Every time there is a beautiful scenery, he will sing a lot of songs and smell it in his seat. He has to stop crying and drinking (Ming Taizu Miscellanies). This encounter will naturally lead to the infinite vicissitudes that Du Fu has been smoldering in his chest.
Appreciate:
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times. Although the poet is recalling his past association with Li Guinian, what he reveals is his deep nostalgia for the flourishing age of Kaiyuan. These two sentences seem very light, but the feelings they contain are deep and dignified. In front of Qi Wangfu and Cui, it seems that a few words were casually said, but in the eyes of the parties, the place where these two literary celebrities often gathered gracefully was the place where colorful spiritual culture was concentrated in the heyday of Kaiyuan, and their names were enough to evoke the poet's good memories of the heyday. At that time, when poets came in and out, it was unusual and not difficult to get in touch with an art star like Li Guinian. Looking back many years later, it was a distant dream. The feeling of separation between heaven and earth contained here, readers must combine the following two sentences to taste. In the overlapping singing and chanting, the two poems reveal the poet's infinite attachment to the prosperity of Kaiyuan, as if to prolong the aftertaste.
Dream-like memories can't change the present reality after all. Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance. Jiangnan, with its beautiful scenery, was originally a paradise for poets in Chengping era. During this period, the poet really faced the withered season and the wandering artists with white hair. When the flowers fall, it seems like an impromptu book, but it seems different, intentionally or unintentionally. These four words are metaphors of the declining world, social unrest, the decline of poets and diseases, but the poet does not deliberately use metaphors at all, which is particularly confusing. Coupled with the ups and downs of the function words of "just right" and "you", there is infinite emotion between the lines. The beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is in a strong contrast with the chaotic life experience of being divorced from the times and sinking. An old singer and an old poet reunited in wandering, and the flowing scenery dotted with two haggard old people became a typical portrayal of the vicissitudes of the times. It mercilessly confirmed that the flourishing age of Kaiyuan has become a historical relic, and an earth-shaking change reduced Du Fu and Li Guinian, who had experienced the flourishing age, to an unfortunate level. Feelings are deep, but the poet wrote that he met the monarch when he fell out of the flower, but he accepted it with gloomy mood, pregnant with deep sigh and painful sorrow in silence. So at first, but in the end, I didn't even want to say a word, which was very meaningful. In Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian commented on this poem: the meaning was not applied, but the case was not solved. The poet's unspoken meaning is not difficult to understand for a party with similar experience like Li Guinian. For readers who are good at understanding people and discussing the world in later generations, it is not difficult to grasp. Just as Li Guinian sang in "Playing Ci in the Palace of Eternal Life", the songs in the sky were clear at that time. Nowadays, drums are drumming along the street, singing endless dreams of rise and fall, playing endless sighs, sighing for mountains and rivers and so on. Although the meaning is not more than Du Fu's poems, it is very similar to what the playwright deduced from Du Fu's poems.
Summary:
Four poems, from Singing of the Kings of Qi, Cui Qian to Reunion in the South of the Yangtze River, have been connected with the vicissitudes of the times and the great changes of life for 40 years. Although no poem directly relates to the life experience of the times, through the poet's recollection and regret, it shows the shadow of the great turmoil that brought havoc to the material wealth and cultural prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, as well as the great disaster and trauma it caused to people. It can be said that the chaos of the World Games, the ups and downs of the Chinese New Year, and the desolation of each other are all among them (Sun Zhu's comments). Just as there is no set on the stage of an old play, the audience can imagine a very broad spatial background and event process through the singing performance of the actors; Also like a novel, it often reflects an era through a person's fate. The successful creation of this poem shows that a short genre like quatrains can have a great capacity for a great poet with high artistic generalization and rich life experience, and when expressing such rich content, it can reach an effortless and seamless artistic realm.
This seven-character quatrain is a household name, and it is the swan song of Du Fu's later creative career. It has been praised by many generations. For example, Shao commented in Qing Dynasty: The beauty of children is seven, which is a picture scroll. Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties also said that the romance of this poem is beyond the pen and ink, and it can be counted quietly, which can be equivalent to Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip. This is a unique piece of music. In the poem, recalling the present and thinking about the past, the chaos in the world, the ups and downs of the years, the gathering and dispersion of human feelings, and the desolation of each other are all concentrated in these short 28 words. Language is very simple and profound, and it contains very rich social life content. The ups and downs of the past constitute a sharp contrast, which makes readers feel deep and dignified in their poems. Comments on "Du Shi Shuo" by Huang Sheng in Qing Dynasty: The feeling of ups and downs in the past and present is beyond words. See the charm between the lines, the touch between the lines. Even if written by Long Biao (Wang Changling) and Sacrifice (Li Bai), there is nothing wrong with it. Is to know that the public in this body, must be incorrect, never heard. If there are seven-character quatrains for other purposes, you can also take this as a joke.
Du Fu will go to Jingnan to bid farewell to Li Jian.
Will go to Jingnan to bid farewell to Li Jian.
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Your noble righteousness drives the present, and you have been in Jianzhou for three years.
But seeing that Wen Weng can be vulgar, I don't know that Li Guang has not been sealed.
The road crosses the temple, and the sky enters the blue waves to catch the boat.
When will the military meet? Spring breeze looks back at Zhong Xuan Tower.
Precautions:
1, envoy: refers to Anguo, Ji Li. At that time, he was a very talented local official and was not reused by the court. His name is unknown.
2. Wen Weng: a native of Shu County, Lujiang (now Lujiang, Jiangxi and Anhui) in the Western Han Dynasty.
3. Li Guang: a famous Western Han Dynasty.
4. Meng Hao: Tang Meng Beach, located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, five kilometers east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province, was a famous dangerous beach of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in ancient times.
5. Zhong Xuan House: the place where Wang Shen, a writer in the late Han Dynasty, took refuge in Jingzhou.
Translation:
Your noble morality and justice run through the whole era.
But trapped in a state of sparse sword, you can't ascend.
The world only knows that Wen Weng can change customs,
But often forget that Li Guang can't be a marquis all his life.
When passing the beach,
I watched my boat rise and fall on the water with fluffy temples.
There are many wars these days. When can we meet again?
Perhaps it is the spring breeze and warm season to meet in Zhong Xuan Mansion.
Appreciate:
This poem was written in 763. At that time, Li Jian was appointed as the secretariat of Jianzhou, a brilliant local official who was not valued by the imperial court. Du Fu went there the year before last and had contacts with him. This year, Du Fu prepared to go to East Sichuan and wrote this poem for him.
Rhyme is bound by rhythm and antithesis, and it is easy to be flat, weak and procrastinating, just as Liu Xizai said: Harmony is often easy to make but difficult to change. ("Outline of Poetic Arts") And these seven laws are written in a vertical and horizontal way, rotating freely, and the sentences are rising, which makes sense everywhere. In the process of taking and throwing, they can also reflect the fine context.
The first half of the poem was written in Li Jian, warmly praising his achievements in secularization, and resenting his failure to be blocked. The two meanings in the poem come from high righteousness and sparse life, which makes readers feel more sorry for his bumpy experience in the sinking counties. Wen Weng and Li Guang used two allusions. The Dissemination of Wen Weng's Political Achievements in Sichuan —— A comparison with Ren Jianzhou's secretariat: Li Guang, who has not been sealed, has the same surname as Li Jian. Allusions are apt, but only apt. However, the secularization of Wen Weng has been added, and the unfulfilled marquis of Li Guang has been added. But knowing each other when you see them, you can respond to each other, open and close them, and with the turbulent pen, the spirit emerges, just like making the finishing point and flying through the wall immediately. Not only that, in history, Li Guang has been bitter about his repeated exploits and his failure to win the title, which is a lifelong hatred. Here, I pushed it away, saying that I didn't know that Li Guang had not sealed it, which transformed the old canon, injected new meaning and improved the ideological content of the poem. Here, Du Fu creatively used and integrated the brushwork of the seven-character rhyme into the law. In Du Fu's poems, sentences like "drunken songs" have the same waves as this poem.
The second half describes the feeling of life experience, the feeling of parting, a bigger realm and deeper feelings. The poet started writing completely from the blank, describing the scene that the poet himself was going to Jingnan. When the poet passed by, he saw the sinister wind and waves in Qutang, the sky entered the blue waves, and he saw the vast smoke and waves in Jianghan. This is the place where he passed on his way to Jingnan. Here, the poet did not express his feeling of dying, but rode in a fishing boat and rough waves, forming a vivid image with his temples and temples, showing a picture of a flat boat leaving the gorge. If these two poems are compared to paintings in poems, it is very accurate to use Du Fu's other two poems, but I haven't got any news from my relatives or friends. I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat ("Climbing Yueyang Tower") to explain this painting. At the end of the article, it points out the poet's situation after he arrived in South Beijing. The poet is clearly aware of his time and destiny. Even when I got there, I was still a guest like RoyceWong who took refuge in Jingzhou. At this time, the poet looked back at Shu and missed his old friend, thinking that the enemy would be blocked and we would never meet again, so it was even more boundless and intertwined.
The whole poem was written from Li Jian to the poet himself, and then returned to Li Jian from the poet's own feelings of parting, with a clear turning point. Poems like Du Fu often come from the ethereal realm, which are both tall and straight and thick together, and have the momentum of covering the whole article. In the fourth sentence, it seems that the poet has said everything, but in the fifth or sixth sentence, he suddenly changed a new meaning and opened up a new realm. However, it is not endless, and it always lingers at the end of the beam, echoing the beginning of the article, showing a solid spirit, undiminished charm and intriguing.
The basic feature of Du Fu's seven-law style is that it can create a majestic momentum in the whole article; And this majestic momentum is combined with accurate and plain poetry. Therefore, it can be reflected from this poem that the work can be transformed and the law is not bound by the law.
Ju Chi Shou
Cao lives a long life.
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time.
A poisonous snake flew in the fog and was finally covered with dust.
An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles.
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Translation and annotation
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has an end.
Although poisonous snakes can fly in fog, they will eventually die and turn to dust.
The old swift horse is lying in the stable, and its ambition is still to travel thousands of miles every day.
People with great ambitions will never stop working hard in their later years.
The length of a person's life is not only determined by heaven,
You can live longer as long as you take care of your body and mind.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner feelings.
1. This poem was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), and Cao Cao was fifty-three years old. This poem is the last chapter out of Xiamen. The poem combines philosophical thinking, impassioned and artistic image, showing a positive attitude towards life.
2. Tortoise sentence: Although the tortoise can live a long life, it sometimes dies. God turtle, the legendary psychic turtle, can live for thousands of years. Longevity, longevity.
3, unexpectedly: the end, here refers to death.
4. Viper sentence: Even if Viper can ascend to heaven through fog, it will eventually die and turn into dust. Viper, a mythical creature similar to the legendary dragon, can walk in clouds and fog. The same sound.
5. Ji (J): Good horse, swift horse. (l): manager.
6. It has stopped.
7. Martyr: A person with great ambitions. Old age: old age.
8. Surplus and contraction: originally refers to the change of the length of a person's birthday, but now refers to the length of a person's life. Surplus, full, extended to long. Shrink, lose, extend to short.
9. But: only, only.
10, Yeung Yi: Maintain physical and mental health.
1 1, Yong: Long. Yongnian: Long life.
12, fortunately, accidentally: those two sentences were added during the concert, which have nothing to do with the text and are the official end of Yuefu poetry.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a philosophical poem written by Cao Cao in his later years, which expounds the poet's attitude towards life. The philosophy in the poem comes from the poet's real experience of life, so it is vivid and has sincere and strong emotional power; Philosophy and poetry are expressed by visualization, so the perfect combination of reason, ambition and emotion is realized in the concrete artistic image. Four famous sentences in the poem are vigorous in brushwork and vigorous in rhythm, which contain a kind of heroic spirit of self-improvement and profoundly express Cao Cao's strong and enterprising spirit. The rhyme of the whole poem is ups and downs, and the first four sentences are eloquent, but there are still two phrases to calm it down. The next four sentences of Lao Ji turned into passion, and the pen was thunderous, which made this domineering heroic image jump from the paper. And the last few sentences reveal a deep and euphemistic amorous feelings, giving people a warm feeling. The whole poem is ups and downs, and the mechanism is meticulous. Shining with the light of philosophical wisdom, it exudes the feeling of forging ahead. It is full of optimistic tone, unpretentious artistic style, lofty style and impassioned, which shows the poet's enterprising spirit of self-improvement and optimistic spirit of loving life. The length of a person's life is not entirely determined by the sky. As long as he keeps healthy physically and mentally, he can prolong his life. This shows that the poet holds a negative attitude towards fate, and his optimistic spirit of confidence in things depends on man-made, which expresses the poet's lofty ambition of not being unwilling to age, not believing in fate, struggling endlessly and never stopping pursuing great ideals.
Although the tortoise has a long life, there are still times when the snake rides in the fog and turns into dust.
"Zhuangzi Autumn Water" said: I heard that there was a tortoise in the State of Chu who died at the age of three thousand. Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the tortoise lived for three thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Everything is done wrong. Dilemma" records that dragons ride clouds, hydralisks swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same! Like dragons, vipers can ride clouds and fog, and their skills are extraordinary! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and promptly advised people to eat, drink and be merry, and generously said:
An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop! According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Wang Dun, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once drunk and sang Cao Cao, aiming for a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. Wishful spittoon is a holiday, and the spout is short. This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a strong and intense singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation:
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then, in a limited life, people should give full play to their subjective initiative, make positive progress and make contributions.
Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you pay attention to maintenance regularly, you can make it healthy and happy, and you can also prolong your life. Cao Cao's Cloud of Happiness does not mean to sit still and wait for death, but that a person's mental state and physical health are the most important, and he should not be depressed because of old age, but be full of courage-never stop pursuing his ideals and making positive progress, always remain optimistic, constantly strive for self-improvement and keep his mind young. Cao Cao expressed the importance of human spiritual factors to health through personal experience. In this respect, it is also a wonderful health preserving theory. Zhong Rong of the Southern Dynasties wrote a poem "Poetry", which evaluated poets and distinguished grades, putting Cao Cao's poems at a disadvantage. However, Cao Cao's poems have a shocking power, which makes countless heroes fall in love with each other crazily.
Yi Jiangnan Jiangnan Hao
Bai Juyi remembers Jiangnan Jiangnan Hao
Jiangnan is good,
The scenery used to be familiar.
At sunrise, the red flowers in the river win the fire.
In spring, the river is as green as blue.
Can you not remember Jiangnan?
Translation and annotation
1. According to Yuefu Miscellanies, this word is also called Xie Qiuniang, which was written by Tang Li Deyu for the late Xie Qiuniang. Also known as "Looking at Jiangnan" and "Dreaming of Jiangnan". It can be divided into single tone and double tone. Monotonous 27 words, double withered 54 words, all flat rhyme.
2, Yan (sound security): cooked.
3, blue: blue grass, its leaves can dye turquoise.
Make an appreciative comment
This word is written about spring scenery in Jiangnan, and the first sentence is that Jiangnan is good. With a good word that is both shallow and round, it captures all the beauty of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and the author's praise and yearning are also included. At the same time, it is also because it is good to forget. So this sentence has been secretly ridiculed to forget Jiangnan, which has something to do with Jiangnan. The second sentence is familiar with the scenery, pointing out that the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is good, not hearsay, but the author's personal experience and personal feelings when he went out to graze in Hangzhou. This not only implements good words, but also takes care of remembering words, which is a wonderful pen and ink to connect the meaning of the article. Three or four sentences vividly explain the beauty of Jiangnan, highlighting the bright colors of jianghua and the red and green rivers, giving people a dazzling impression. Among them, there are contrasts between the same color and different colors, which fully shows the author's good coloring skills. At the end of the article, I can't forget Jiangnan, which not only expresses the author who was born in Luoyang's infinite admiration and nostalgia for the spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also creates a long lasting charm, bringing readers into a tearful realm.
These words mean that in spring, the riverside flowers red is on fire at sunrise; The green of the river can only be compared with the blue grass. How can all this not remind me of Jiangnan? Through comparison and exaggeration, the poet described the charming spring scenery of Jiangnan water town. Red and green set each other off, dazzling, impressive and fascinating.