Nanyang House is located on the north side of the west side of Zhu Min Street in Nanyang City. It was built in the seventh year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (127 1) and served as the prefect of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 0/50 existing houses/KLOC-with strict layout, grand scale and magnificent momentum. The existing Nanyang Mansion complex is of great value to the study of the planning, shape, development and changes of the ancient government offices in China, as well as the attacks of local officials, officials, lawsuits, taxes, rituals and politics.
The magistrate's yamen faces south, on the left and right sides of the central axis, with the front hall and the back bedroom. The existing buildings retain the architectural art of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The yamen buildings located on the central axis include: zhaobi, gate, instrument gate, lobby, silver palace gate, second hall, inner house gate and third hall. From south to north, there are also some wing rooms, annex rooms, wing rooms, list rooms, warehouses, science rooms, official residences, official residences, stables, ancient wells and lotus ponds. The whole building is located in the south, 300 meters long from north to south.
Zhaobi, commonly known as the "shadow wall", is shaped like a figure of eight. It is made of blue bricks with a living friend under it. On the back of the blue bricks are brick carvings such as "Nanyang Fucheng" and "Nanyang Mansion". The appearance of zhaobi can shield the architectural environment and create a solemn, rigorous and mysterious atmosphere. Another special function of zhaobi is to remind officials. In the middle of the zhaobi of ancient government offices, the legendary monsters such as Tan, antlers, lion's tail, cow's hoof, Longlin, jade cup, coral, cash cow and Ganoderma lucidum are usually painted, which are all treasures of the world. Legend has it that this beast is very greedy and will swallow everything. Later, he saw the rising sun at the seaside and wanted to swallow it and drown it in the sea. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang imposed severe punishment. In order to punish corrupt officials, he tortured them to death, skinned the whole person and put them on the grass man as a warning for officials entering and leaving the yamen. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang realized the disadvantages of harsh officials and abolished the punishment of stripping grass. The law stipulates that government agencies at all levels must draw a pattern of "greedy" eating the sun to achieve the purpose of vigilance. The yamen painted the word "greed" on the wall, and it was customized and used until the late Qing Dynasty. Zhaobi, gate and splayed wall constitute the first courtyard of the building. According to historical records, in this courtyard, there are two archways facing each other across the street, namely Zhaofu Square and Tumu Square, outside the two ends of the zhaobi wall and the splayed wall. "Zhao Fu" and "Du Mu" refer to Zhao Xinchen and Du Shi respectively, both of whom are famous Nanyang secretariat in Han Dynasty. Zhao Xinchen led the construction of a famous water conservancy irrigation project on the tributary of Baihe River, and was honored as "Zhao Fuqu". A section of this canal still exists on Laobaihe Road in Xinye County, Nanyang City. Du invented the famous water platoon, improved the iron management technology in Han Dynasty, and greatly improved the labor efficiency. These two governors made outstanding contributions to the economic development of ancient Nanyang, so they were honored as Zhao Fu and Du Mu by later generations. In the Qing Dynasty, the magistrate changed the East-West Yuanmen in front of the ancient yamen into archways to follow suit, and the title of "parents" came from this.
The gate is 22 meters away from Zhaobi, which is the entrance and exit of the mansion and a symbol of the architectural order of the mansion. Take the Yamen Gate as an example: according to the ancient custom, from the Imperial Palace Gate to the Jiupinguan Gate, the order is: Red Gate Gold Nail Copper Ring, Green Gate Gold Nail Tin Ring and Black Gate Tin Ring. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Nanyang magistrate was a four-level official, and the government gate used a black iron ring.
In ancient times, Yimen was called Huanmen. In the Han dynasty, a ring was built on both sides of the government and the county government, and a wooden door was added between the last two rings, which was called the ring door. In Song Dynasty, taboo was avoided, and the ceremony was changed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the second door of the yamen was called the Yimen, which means "there is an instrument to be like", and it was the place where the competent officials greeted the guests. "Official Ceremony of Minghui Temple" records that on the day when the new official took office, he dismounted in front of the instrument door and the welcoming officer welcomed him into the instrument door. When the government manages the festive ceremony, the emperor is lucky, and when reading the imperial edict or holding a major sacrificial ceremony, he should also open the door wide. In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Xuan Tong Puyi, Yimen was once changed to "Yimen". The instrument door is usually closed. People go in and out of the government office and take the east side door, that is, the east side of the government office instrument door. According to the ancient system, there is also a matching room on the west side of the official instrument gate, that is, the "ghost gate". Most of the yamen are just one, and the "Ghost Gate" of Nanyang Mansion is the same as the Yimen East Annex, with three rooms and five frames, but the height is slightly reduced. Both sides of the east and west doors of Yimen communicate with the six rooms (officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals and workers) in the house, and with the lobby in the house. The lobby is the central building of the whole yamen, and the instrument door is the gateway to the lobby.
The lobby of Nanyang Building is magnificent. The lobby was rebuilt in the fifth to eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1648- 165 1 year). Although it has been repaired several times in later generations, the columns, sandalwood beams and beams are rarely replaced, maintaining the architectural style and technology of the Qing Dynasty. Fuya's lobby consists of two parts: the lobby and its front roll shed. It is located on a bluestone base, with a height of 1.2m and three steps, with a platform in front and three steps behind. The main body of the lobby is a typical Qing-style five-lattice building, with front and rear beams (including the front row of gold columns removed in Ming Dynasty). The practice of using a bucket arch on the eaves to expose the interior of the hall shows the high standard and rigorous dignity of the hall. The lobby was called "Don Juan" in ancient times, or called purlin, main hall, public hall and court according to its functions, or called Zhongxian Hall, Aimin Hall and Jinbi Hall. In Qing Dynasty, Nanyang Mansion Hall was called Gonglian Hall, which was the place where the magistrate read letters, met officials, held important ceremonies and tried cases publicly. There is a case-solving in the middle of the lobby, with etiquette signs such as "silence" and "avoidance" on both sides. According to the ancient custom, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, as a four-grade official, had four etiquette: green slate, apricot yellow umbrella, green fan, copper stick, leather needle and silence avoidance. There is a screen in the background of the lobby case, decorated with clouds. In front of the hall, there are three classes of officials standing in the shed. When the yamen tries criminals, they are often held in front of the hall in torture room and under the platform for trial. The magistrate got up and walked to the hall, followed by his master. The east and the west were turned into a folder to record the confession of the church. When encountering major cases that can be tried in public, officials and Taiwan adults always open their doors wide and let people flock to the front of the hall to watch, so as to show justice in law enforcement.
The silver palace gate is the third door of the government and the gateway of the second hall. The silver palace gate means a door to greet guests respectfully, but it is actually a ceremonial door. In some places, it is not necessary to make this door in front of the yamen hall, but to set a screen door directly behind the screen of the hall. The Yayin Palace Gate in Nanyang Mansion was rebuilt by Gu Jiaheng, the magistrate of Qing Dynasty, with a history of 150 years. Yingongmen has two wing rooms in the east, two rooms in the west and five rooms in the annex. The scale system, like the silver palace gate, should be rebuilt at the same time. Among them, there is also a doorway in the Ming room of the East Annex, which is the gateway to the East Courtyard. Its corridor is connected with the Yin Palace Gate as a whole, and the entrance of Dongshan directly leads to the hall and courtyard (grain catching hall) of the auxiliary building of the government office. In this way, a vertical and horizontal axis network centered on Yin Gongmen is formed, which connects all the main government buildings and realizes the overall unity of functional structure.
The second hall of Nanyang Mansion is second only to the lobby. Its width is 2 meters less than that of the lobby, but its depth is more than that of the lobby 1.8 meters. So its height is more meaningful, and the whole building has a dignified and solemn atmosphere, but its tall and dignified image in the lobby is slightly different. At the same time, because the golden pillars in the second hall are supported by five beams, the ceiling is set at the height between the five beams, and the indoor space of the second hall is tall and spacious, which highlights the unique environmental momentum of the second hall of the government and shows the magnificent cultural heritage deliberately created by the government buildings. The existing Nanyang Fu Ya Er Tang was rebuilt in the early Qing Dynasty in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647) and the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1843). Fu Fengfeng, the magistrate in the late Qing Dynasty, also repaired and repaired the defect. The tablet on the hall once recorded "thinking of the hall", now called "thinking of the hall", which is an important subject of Gu Jiaheng, the magistrate. According to relevant information, major cases of government agencies are generally heard in Hall 2. After copying the confession in the copying room, the magistrate often goes out of the hall, enters the wing from the west of the second hall (the entrance of Xishan Gate), signs the judgment in Shizhuxuan, and then goes to the lobby for public hearing. Because Hall 2 is the main office of the magistrate, most government agencies are arranged around Hall 2, including the grain harvesting hall in the east, the criminal trial hall in the west, the tax department in the east and the Zhao Mo office in the southwest. There are Li Taotang, Gui Xiang Room and Xurixuan in the east, and Chrysanthemum Garden, Jiuyuan Garden and Hongqiao Pool in the west, which provide a unique resting place for government officials after their official duties. Especially in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, many buildings on both sides changed their functions due to the increase, change and merger of government internal institutions. Outside the courtyards on both sides of the Second Hall, more pastoral scenery is reflected: through the simple and elegant lintel partition, along the winding and deep path, you can see the quiet house, chrysanthemum garden and leek garden in Huaiyin, smell the fragrance of peaches and plums, hear birds singing and insects singing, and hear the bells and drums in the morning. You can also imagine the life scene where the magistrate invited the screen friends to catch up and hold a large banquet.
Entering the door, there are three courtyards, of which two rooms and rooms on both sides of three courtyards form an east-west courtyard, as well as an east-west courtyard and verandah. The whole courtyard is more luxurious and magnificent than the previous buildings. Tang San, also known as the official residence, has a plaque "Yan Si", which is where the magistrate handles internal affairs. It has a reception room, a study and a dressing room, where the sheriff often receives superior officials, negotiates confidential matters and handles privacy cases. It is not only an inner temple, but also the resting place of Yanju, the chief of Futai County. According to the ancient system, all government buildings should follow the pattern of "front hall and back bedroom". The east hall of the third yamen was turned into a place for handling official business, that is, the inner signing room, and a covered wooden bed was set up in the east half for the magistrate to rest. The two rooms on the west side are turned into magistrate's study rooms, with neat indoor structure, exquisite decoration and elegant furnishings. Antique bookshelves, spacious desks, exquisitely carved antique bookshelves and celebrity calligraphy and painting hanging on the wall all look elegant and generous. Usually, the magistrate learns classics here, writes books and teaches his children to read and write.
Nanyang Fuya Garden covers an area of more than ten acres, with water in the west and overlapping mountains in the east. The whole park is full of rockeries, green water flows through it, pavilions are full of birds and flowers, flowers and plants are flourishing in spring, and fruits and vegetables are fragrant in autumn. On the east side of the courtyard, another bamboo garden is planted, with lush bamboos, quiet and elegant, which is quite unique in Zheng Banqiao's idea that "Ya Zhai lies listening to the rustling bamboo, and it is suspected that it is the voice of the people's sufferings". There is a magistrate's residence in the northeast corner of the garden, which is a group of typical quadrangle buildings in Qing Dynasty. Closed to the outside world, open to the inside, with clear axis, left-right symmetry and reasonable layout. Appreciating flowers and planting trees in the courtyard satisfies the desire of Taoism to follow the customs; Open the door and join the secular life, realize the desire of Confucianism to be born, and find a balance point in the traditional quadrangle with contradiction between Confucianism and Taoism. Strict spatial sequence, symmetrical layout, and progressive spatial hierarchy along the axis also reflect the hierarchical differences among clans, young and old, men and women, masters and servants, and distinguish the hierarchical relationship between people with spatial differences. The traditional feudal ethical thought has been fully displayed in this group of typical official quadrangles.
The official residence is a miniature Forbidden City. Seeing Nanyang's official residence, we can have a deeper personal experience of China's traditional culture.