Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, and green leaves are lush and never fall. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony. Three hundred ancient poems, book of songs translation, peach blossom folk songs, annotations.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, bright red as fire. The girl is getting married and going back to her husband's house in high spirits.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom and fruits are numerous, big and numerous. The girl is getting married, having children early and having a prosperous heir.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, green leaves are lush and never fall. This girl is getting married, and Qi Xinhui will help her family get along in harmony.
It is famous to appreciate this poem. Even those who have only read a few books of The Book of Songs generally know that "Taoyao will burn its glory". Why is this? I think there are several reasons: first, the images created in the poems are very vivid. It is really well written to compare the beauty of a girl with bright peach blossoms. After reading such a famous sentence, who wouldn't see a girl image as bright as a peach blossom and full of youth as a small peach tree? In particular, the word "burning" really gives people a bright feeling. Yao Jiheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty who wrote The Book of Songs, said that this poem "praises the ancestors of people through the ages" is not an excessive compliment. Second, just four sentences convey a jubilant atmosphere. This is very valuable. "Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. It is appropriate for my son to return to China and stay at home. " Read it carefully, and an atmosphere of jubilation and happiness will fill the lines. "Tender peach branches, bright peach blossoms. That girl is getting married today, bringing joy and beauty to her husband's family. " Look, how beautiful. This kind of emotion and desire embodies the people's love for life and their pursuit of a happy and beautiful family. Thirdly, this poem shows that a girl should not only have the gorgeous appearance like a peach blossom, but also have the inner beauty of "comfortable room" and "IKEA". This poem congratulates people on their marriage, but unlike other poems that congratulate people on their marriage, it either boasts how prominent the man's family background is or shows how rich the woman's dowry is. It is to say "suitable for his family" over and over again, so that the family can become beautiful and truly superior. This reminds us of Confucius' praise of the Book of Songs: "There are 300 poems, which, in a word, say' thinking innocently'." Of course, Confucius' words are very rich in content, but does it also include the above thoughts reflected in Yao Tao? Mr. Chen Zizhan said, "After the Revolution of 1911, I also saw people in rural areas holding weddings and singing three chapters of Yao Tao ..." (Selected Translation of National Style) Combining the ideas expressed in this poem, it is easy to understand the three chapters of the song "Farmers Married", Yao Tao.
Yao Tao's writing is also very particular. It seems that I only changed a few words and sang it over and over again. In fact, the author is very attentive. The first chapter is "flower", the second chapter is "reality" and the third chapter is "leaf", which expresses three different meanings with three changes of peach trees. Writing flowers is to describe the beauty of the bride; Realism and writing leaves, don't they make readers think more and further? Dense peaches and lush peach leaves are really a prosperous scene!
This poem is not difficult to understand, but the truth contained in it is worth exploring.
One question is, what is beauty, and what is the concept of beauty expressed by Yao Tao in the pre-Qin period? "Peach blossoms fly away, burning its splendor", beauty, beauty like peach blossoms, beauty is not beautiful? But even this would not be enough "A son should go back to his home and his family should live in harmony." This is the only complete method. This concept of beauty was very popular in the society at that time. The concept of truth, goodness and beauty appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chu Wuju and Chu Lingwang had an argument about "what is beauty". Wu Ju said: "If you are beautiful, you are beautiful, up and down, inside and outside, big and small, far and near.". If it is beautiful in the eyes, it will be embarrassing if it is reduced to financial use. Is to gather people's interests and self-styled barren people. What is Hu Mei's behavior? " It is obvious that Wu Ju's view is "harmlessness is beauty", that is, goodness is beauty. Moreover, all aspects of "up and down, inside and outside, size and distance" should be measured and harmless. The main feature of this view is to emphasize the consistency between "goodness" and "beauty". Replacing beauty with goodness actually gives beauty a strong political and ethical significance. "What is Hu Mei's behavior?" This means that it is not beautiful for rulers to squander wealth, waste manpower and material resources and indulge in excesses. It should be said that this view has certain political significance. But it denies the difference between "goodness" and "beauty" and the relative independence of beauty. It does not recognize the beauty of "eye view", which is its serious limitation. Although this concept of beauty had its opposite at that time, some people noticed the beauty of "eye view", but this view of taking goodness as beauty should be said to be representative in pre-Qin aesthetics, and the aesthetic concept of pre-Qin Confucianism mainly developed in this direction.
Confucius also holds such an aesthetic view that "three hundred poems, in a word, is called" thinking without evil ",and the fundamental reason for his appreciation of" three hundred poems "is" innocence ". He spoke highly of Guan Yu's beauty, because it is "happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt" (The Analects of Confucius Bashu), which meets the requirements of goodness. When evaluating people, he said: "If you have the beauty of the talent of the Duke of Zhou, you will be arrogant and stingy, and the rest will be insufficient." (The Analects of Confucius Taber) Goodness and beauty, goodness is the dominant aspect. Even when choosing a residence, Confucius said, "Benevolence is beautiful." Where you live, benevolence is "beauty". It can be seen that Confucius' judgment of beauty is based on goodness.
But Confucius' aesthetic view is advanced after all. It is different from Wu Ju's point of view, and has begun to distinguish between beauty and goodness as two different standards. "The son's name is Shao:' All look good, all are good'; It is called' Wu':' Perfect, not perfect'. " Of course, through the evaluation of Shao and Wu, we can see that perfection is only perfection, but it can't be said to be beauty, and perfection is the foundation.
At this point, if we look back at this chapter of Yao Tao, I'm afraid we can better understand the aesthetic thought it reflects. In people's ideas at that time, it was as gorgeous as peach blossoms and as bright as eyes, but it was the beauty of "seeing in the eyes", only "perfection, not perfection". Only with the moral character of "keeping the house at home" can you be regarded as a beautiful girl and a qualified bride.
The second question followed. The specific content of beauty is not only "gorgeous as a peach blossom", but also "livable", that is, the combination of beauty and goodness. So, how should we understand and evaluate this concept? Why did the pre-Qin people regard family and marriage as so important?
Attaching importance to marriage and family is not only reflected in Yao Tao, but also in the whole Book of Songs. In a sense, The Book of Songs puts this aspect in the first place. Yao Tao is the sixth of 305 articles, and its position in The Book of Songs is very prominent. If we put five more articles before Yao Tao, we can see more clearly that marriage and family issues really occupy an unparalleled position in The Book of Songs.
The first of the 300 articles is Guan Ju, about a young man who falls in love with a beautiful girl. He misses her day and night and longs to marry her.
The second article, Ge Tan, tells the story of a woman's feelings before returning to her hometown to visit her parents, as well as her diligent housekeeping and filial piety.
The third article, Curled Ears, is about the husband's long journey and his wife's missing.
The fifth article "Katz", congratulations on having more children.
The sixth chapter, Yao Tao, congratulates people on their wedding and wishes the bride "a suitable home".
The above are the first few of the 300 articles (except the fourth article). They write about love, marriage, the yearning for husband and wife to leave, the desire to have many children, going home to visit relatives and so on. It can be said that the main problems in married life have been discussed.
A book of songs, 305 articles, the first few articles are almost all about marriage and family issues, is it thought-provoking? No matter who edited "Three Hundred Poems", whether Confucius deleted or arranged poems or did some positive work for "Three Hundred Poems", there is no doubt that they all attached great importance to marriage and family issues.
How should we recognize and comment on this issue? During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the level of productivity was still very low, and the family was the most basic unit of society. Everyone relies on their families to cope with difficulties, overcome natural disasters and strive for a happy life. Of course, they want family harmony and unity. Marriage is a big event, because it concerns the future of the family. Therefore, the couple's main hope is to "get married". Very easy to understand.
In terms of rulers, it is much more complicated. "Book of Rites University" quoted Yao Tao as saying: "Suit your home, and then you can teach others." This really hit the nail on the head. Family is the most basic unit of society, and the consolidation of family is closely related to the consolidation of society. In the Han Dynasty, there appeared the theories of "three cardinal guides" (the monarch is the minister's guide, the father is the child's guide, and the husband is the wife's guide) and "five permanent guides" (the five relationships of monarch, minister, father and son, couple, brother and friend). Both the "Three Cardinal Principles" and the "Five Permanent Principles" are based on the relationship between husband and wife, which is regarded as the beginning of human relations, and the other four relationships are derived from it. Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty, said: "It is wrong to have heaven and earth and then everything, everything and then men and women, men and women and then couples, and couples and fathers and sons and ministers, and ministers and ministers rise and fall, and rise and fall and then be polite and righteous. Men and women are the basis of the three basic principles, and everything comes first. " From this discussion, we can also see why the rulers attach so much importance to marriage and family issues. Listening to ancient music is afraid of lying down, and those who take pains to listen to Zheng have a very different famous saying. He said: "If the family is poor, you will think of a good wife, and if the country is chaotic, you will think of a good face. Inheriting the ancestral temple and enlightening future generations, if you can't do it, if you can't use your heart! " IKEA stands for Guo Yi. In their eyes, "IKEA" and "Guo Yi" are the same thing, and of course they are considered very important.
"Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. No matter how many exegesis writers have written about Yao Tao since ancient times, a girl who is as beautiful as a small peach tree and a peach blossom in the hot spring sun will always live in readers' hearts. People sincerely wish her: "Her son should go back to China and stay at home."
Recite Yao Tao, you will get drunk if you don't drink it.
Yao Jiheng commented on this poem in Qing Dynasty: "Peach blossom is the most colourful, so it is used to describe women and is the ancestor of beauty." . Since ancient times, beautiful women have always been favored by extraordinary people, and literature is even more generous, adding fuel to the fire. Whether it is "last year today, in this door, people face peach blossoms." , or "jade wrist pillow fragrant cheeks, peach blossom face open." Reading, it is more profound and interesting than "Taoyao Yao, burning its China".
Read it silently for several times, and then unfold the imaginary picture. You will see that thousands of years ago, when the peach blossoms were in full bloom, the Millennium wind passed through the "burning" peach forest, swaying gorgeous peach blossoms and graceful peach branches, as if there was an intoxicating fragrance bursting with the wind. But you can't tell what it is, because if you look carefully, there is a leisurely and moving woman among the peach blossoms. The fragrance of the girl is mixed with the fragrance of flowers, which is the taste of happiness.
The woman in the painting is blushing, shy and evasive, but she can't help looking around excitedly. Against the backdrop of peach blossoms and burning flowers, if people are peach blossoms, happy happiness will immediately come to mind, and you can even hear a woman's voice: "I want to marry you today, I want to marry you today ..."
The return of the son means that the beautiful bride is getting married. Return, the woman said to marry back. After praising the beauty of the bride who is about to get married, poetry began to extend, and people turned their attention to their marriage life. What's it like? In the poem, we sing "for his family", "for his family" and "for his family".
Suitability, harmony and happiness mean that the room is where the husband and wife live and the home is within one door. If it is an undisguised compliment to the bride Rong Bi Peach Blossom, it is an implicit hiding of a woman's "goodness" in a pleasant room. Imagine that if the couple can make the whole family happy and harmonious after going through the door, it is not enough to have a beautiful face. You must have a kind heart, so that your in-laws, aunts and uncles can accept it, and you can be accepted by your in-laws, so that your life can be smooth and happy.
From peach blossom to peach fruit, and then to peach leaves, the three changes contrast, outlining the prosperity of male-female marriage. The ancients skillfully combined the external beauty like peach blossom with the proper internal goodness, expressing people's beautiful yearning for a harmonious and happy family life. Poetry 300 begins with all aspects of love and marriage, which shows the importance of family and marriage. This is not only the expectation of people's life, but also the hope of the rulers. The so-called "raise their families first, then teach their people." To put it bluntly, it is based on IKEA, Yi Shi and pleasant Guo Yi.
Elegant analysis of the peach's death, burning its brilliance. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.
The Book of Songs is that peach grove. The flowing Xiapi, like the bride's red veil, was gently lifted by the spring breeze. The plump appearance of these fruits is so cute. They are really like a group of children, huddled among the branches and leaves, laughing and laughing. Only with these fruits, spring will not be deserted. Didn't you sigh when the peach blossoms opened? You are worried that this season flies like a boat, hiding the worries of an eighteen-year-old girl and hiding too many spring-like flowers. You're too embarrassed to say it.
You cried with my little sister all night before she got married. You think you will cry like this one day, leaving home, leaving your parents, riding a burly horse with a red cloth on your head. I don't know why, and I don't ask why. I will wholeheartedly give myself to the strange groom. When my sisters came back to Ning's home, they were in full bloom like pears. You ask them, "How are you going to get married?" They replied, "It's really good." When they asked again, they smiled and said, "What's the hurry? You will know sooner or later. " You are a little envious of them and secretly guess: Will I be happy as a bride?
The peach blossom that burns it is a fire, a fire in spring, a fire in your heart, which ignites your inexplicable lovesickness. The young man walked in the room many times, both elegant and strong. When he met you, he grabbed your soul with a smile. "Will he marry me?" You waited gently, Xia Chan finished singing, autumn geese flew by, and finally there was news on a snowy night. He was talking to his brothers and sisters by the fireplace, and you heard every word through the window. Your heart is like a lively deer, and you are worried that it will go away.
A happy marriage finally settled on that snowy night. Peach blossoms are blooming again, and the beautiful girl is getting married. Bless her. She started a new life with good wishes. From now on, she will be a good wife and mother.
Appreciation of artistic features This is a poem to congratulate a young girl on her marriage. According to the Zhou Li, "Mid-spring makes men and women." In the Zhou Dynasty, girls usually got married in the bright spring when peach blossoms were in full bloom, so the poet began with peach blossoms and sang a hymn for the bride. Old theories, such as Mao Xu, think that it is related to empresses and kings, but today people don't take it.
The whole poem is divided into three chapters. The first chapter compares the youthful charm of the bride with the bright peach blossoms. It is often said that the first person to compare flowers with beauty is a genius, the second is a mediocrity and the third is a fool. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, so it is no exaggeration to say that it compares beauty with flowers for the first time. Since then, flowers, especially peach blossoms, have been used to describe the endless stream of beautiful women, such as Ruan Wei's "Love for Flowers in the Past": "Every day, peaches and plums bloom and shine brightly." Hu's "South Village of Jingcheng": "Last year today, at this gate, people's faces and peaches set each other off." Song Chen Shidao's "Bodhisattva Man" words: "Jade wrist pillow fragrant cheeks, peach blossom face open." Have their own characteristics. Naturally, it can't be dismissed as mediocrity and stupidity, but they are all influenced by the poem "The Book of Songs", but the influence is great and small, and the application is clever. What is written here is the fresh peach blossom, which blooms in succession. The newly-married girl in full dress is excited and shy at the moment, and her cheeks are flushed. It is really a peach blossom with a face and charm. There are both descriptions of scenery and characters in the poem, and the scene blends with each other, setting off a happy and warm atmosphere. This kind of scene can be seen even at today's rural wedding. The second chapter is to express my wishes after marriage. Peach blossoms bear fruit naturally. The poet said that its fruit was fat and big, symbolizing that the bride had a baby early and raised a fat doll for nothing. The third chapter wishes the bride's family prosperity with lush peach leaves. It is the most beautiful metaphor and the best tribute to symbolize the happiness of the newly married bride's married life with the fruit with numerous peach branches and the dense shade of peach branches. Zhu's Biography of Poems thinks that each chapter is "Xing", which is reasonable, but it is indeed a comparison between Xing and Xing to play with poems carefully. The poem consists of three chapters, each of which starts with a peach, followed by flowers, fruits and leaves, with distinct levels: from flowers to fruits, and then from fruits to Ye Sheng; Poetry also gradually changes, adapting to the growth of peach blossoms, and naturally blending into one.
After singing the peach blossom, the poet gave a congratulatory message in the spoken language at that time. The first chapter says, "When a son comes home, he must stay at home." That is to say, this girl is going to get married and have a family with Mei Mei. The second and third chapters are changed to "home" and "family" because of rhyme, but there is little difference in meaning. In ancient times, men took women as their rooms, women took men as their homes, and men and women combined to form families. A woman's marriage is the beginning of a family. Zhu's Biography of Poetry explains: "One of them is suitable, and the meaning of harmony is also. The room is where the couple live, and the home is within a door. " In fact, it means that the newlyweds' small home is the room, but they are at home with their parents. Nowadays, the interpretation of modern language is family-specific, which is easier for ordinary readers to understand.
This language is extremely beautiful and refined. Not only skillfully turn it into various inverted sentences and synonyms, but also use the word "one" repeatedly. The word "one" reveals the beautiful character of the newly-married bride living in harmony with her family, and also writes that her beautiful character has injected fresh blood into the newly-built family and brought a harmonious and happy atmosphere. The word "Yi" can hardly be replaced by one word when it hits the floor.
Creation background About the background of this poem, Preface to Mao Shi thinks it has something to do with empresses and kings. Fang Yurun refuted this view in the Primitive Book of Songs, saying that it was "too pedantic to be poetic". Modern scholars generally don't hold the view of Preface to Mao's Poems, thinking that it is a poem to congratulate a girl on her marriage. In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick. In front of Mount Cisse, egrets fly freely, plump mandarin fish swim happily on the river, and peaches floating on the water are so bright and full. There is a tower across the thick wall, and the setting sun shines on it, where peaches and plums are in full bloom and catkins are flying. Peach blossoms spring water, bathing in the water. Peach blossoms on both sides of the strait are baked at sunrise, and the surrounding high willows hang down to the sky. Infinite spring breeze came to the seaside. Convenient and spring work. Meat dyed pink. Spring river warms peach blossom water. Draw a boat bead curtain, and the east wind carries wine. With the passing of my eyes, I will feel honored, and the fragrance of chrysanthemum will occupy spring. A pair of swallows, when did you fly back? Peach branches on both sides of the river are soaked in water, and red peach blossoms are in bloom. Two peaches and apricots reflect the fence and decorate the home of Shangzhou's deputy envoy. Xing Juncao grew in April, and the willow flowers and peach blossoms were half muddy. Plum calyx initial setting powder. I can't feel the loss of the wind in Momo. Goose and duck don't know that spring has passed, but they are scrambling to catch up with peach blossoms. Peach blossoms lag behind silkworms, and when bamboo shoots are smoked, swallows come. Water overflows hibiscus marsh and flowers fly.