2. Romanticism: There are two meanings. One is the romantic trend of thought, and the other is the principle followed by romantic creation.
3. Realism: There are two meanings. One is the realistic trend of thought, and the other is the principle followed by realistic creation.
4. Classicism: supporting kingship; Advocating rationality; Elegant language; Observe the "three unifications".
5. Naturalism: rejecting the romantic imagination and emotional factors, unilaterally developing the principle of realistic reproduction of life, and pursuing pure objectivity.
6. The floorboard of modern western literary schools. Including symbolism, stream of consciousness, expressionism, existentialism, absurdism, new novels and black humor.
7. Symbolism: it advocates expressing the theme of the work and expressing the author's thoughts and philosophy through symbol, suggestion, comparison and association.
8. Futurism: denying tradition, praising movement and strength, breaking language rules and following intuition.
9. Expressionism: Oppose copying, advocate purely reflecting the image of the world, and emphasize the absoluteness of subjective acceptance.
10, Surrealism: anti-tradition, anti-reality, advocating obedience to subconscious creation and so-called "automatic writing".
1 1. Existentialism: pay attention to the suffering of life in the absurd and nihilistic world, realize the existence of absurdity, and emphasize self-choice.
12, New Novel: Oppose fiction, strive for objective description, resist tendency and construct a new novel structure.
13. Literary genre: a group of writers who have similar or identical literary concepts, creative tendencies, artistic pursuits and aesthetic styles in a certain historical period.
14, literary concept: literary concept is a view of literature and an answer to "what is literature?" Literary ideas are developing and changing.
15. Four elements of literature: abrams, a contemporary American scholar, pointed out that the four elements of literature refer to the world, writers, works and readers.
16, Reproduction Theory: The four elements of literature emphasize the corresponding relationship between "world" and "work", that is, the work is an imitation or reproduction of the world.
17, Expressionism: The four elements of literature emphasize the relationship between "works" and "writers", that is, works are the natural expression, expression and transmission of writers' emotions.
18, Practice Theory: Among the four elements of literature, the relationship between works being used by readers is emphasized, and literature is considered as a tool that can serve a certain social goal.
19. Objectivity: Among the four elements of literature, the author believes that once a work is born from a writer's pen, it has complete objectivity. Has nothing to do with the original author or reader. It is isolated from external reference objects and is a "self-contained" body, which has produced the so-called "objectification trend"
20. Experience theory: among the four elements of literature, it emphasizes the relationship between readers' intention to experience the work, and emphasizes that readers' reading of the work is experience and creation.
Knowledge points of "Introduction to Literature": noun explanation 2 1, symbol matrix: a rectangular schema composed of four symbol elements, used to express the meaning of characters' actions. This is a model put forward by Gremas to study action logic.
2. Implied author: When the author in real life enters the narrative activities in the work, he enters a special psychological state different from the daily real life. This psychological state is usually called the author's "second self", that is, the consciousness that plays a leading role in the whole work, which is the implied author.
3. Hidden narrator: It refers to the situation that it is difficult for readers to find the narrator's voice in the narrative text. "Hidden narrator" does not mean that there is no narrator. In fact, the "hidden narrator" hides behind the characters, silently dominating them and letting them say what the narrator needs to say.
4. Recessive receiver: The narrator telling a story is a kind of language communication behavior, and there are potential receivers in the narrator's mind. This kind of receiver set by the narrator and implied in the narrative action is the implied receiver.
5. Lyric principle: In the process of creating lyric works, the author always follows certain lyric principles intentionally or unintentionally. In the process of expressing emotion and creating lyric works, the principle that the author consciously or unconsciously follows when dealing with the relationship between emotion and reason, emotion and reality, emotion and language is called lyric principle.
6. Symbol matrix: It is a rectangular schema composed of four symbolic elements, which is used to express the meaning of the characters' actions. This is a model put forward by Gremas to study action logic.
7. Implied author: When the author in real life enters the narrative activities in his works, he enters a special mental state different from daily real life. This state is usually called the author's "second self", that is, the consciousness that plays a leading role in the whole work. This is the implied author.
8. Hidden narrator: It refers to the situation that it is difficult for readers to find the narrator's voice in the narrative text. "Hidden narrator" does not mean that there is no narrator. In fact, the "hidden narrator" hides behind the characters, silently dominating them and letting them say what the narrator needs to say.
9. Recessive receiver: The narrator telling a story is a kind of language communication behavior, and there are potential receivers in the narrator's mind. This kind of receiver set by the narrator and implied in the narrative action is the implied receiver.
10, lyric principle: The author always follows certain lyric principles in the process of creating lyric works, whether intentionally or unintentionally. In the process of expressing emotion and creating lyric works, the principle that the author consciously or unconsciously follows when dealing with the relationship between emotion and reason, emotion and reality, emotion and language is called lyric principle.
1 1. Lyric strategy: When creating works, the author always adopts some methods and means in grammar or rhetoric to achieve the purpose of lyricism and strengthen the effect of lyricism. Such methods and means are called lyric strategies.
12. Lyrical grammar strategy refers to the ways and means to strengthen lyricism from the perspective of language structure (including the formation and change of words, the organization of phrases and sentences). Mature and excellent lyric writers know this well. For example, the poet has a so-called "poetic language", which refers to a language expression different from the usual language. Poetry language often breaks the existing language norms and pursues a special language effect.
13. Rhetoric strategy of lyricism: it refers to the ways and means to use various rhetorical methods to enhance the lyrical effect. From the perspective of literary history and rhetoric history, there are many rhetorical strategies for lyricism, among which images, metaphors, allusions and paradoxes are the most important four.
14. Metaphor refers to the psychological behavior, linguistic behavior and cultural behavior of perceiving, experiencing, imagining, understanding and talking about such things under the hint of such things.
15. Allusions are historical metaphors, which are psychological, linguistic and cultural behaviors of perceiving, experiencing, imagining, understanding and talking about current events, situations or environments under the hint of myths or historical events.
16, lyric sketch: It is a short lyric sketch. In China, the word "essay" first appeared in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which means a short essay; Western essays originated in Montaigne, France, followed by British bacon. Western lyric prose has the following characteristics: first, it pays attention to describing personal experiences and situations and expressing personal feelings and emotions; Second, it has an open mind and a calm and sincere tone.
17. Lyric works: they are specially used to express feelings and are another kind of literary works relative to narrative works; Specifically, lyric works refer to literary works that take emotion as the core and briefly express and convey the author's inner world.
18. Rhythm: the harmonious tone produced by the orderly combination of words and sounds in lyrics works is called "rhythm". In the west, rhythm is a general term, which can be divided into rhyme and rhythm. Arranging the same sound or similar sounds regularly and repeatedly is called rhyme. Change the length, height and strength of pronunciation repeatedly according to certain rules, which is called regularity.
19, paradox: It refers to the statement that seems contradictory but is true, that is, the so-called "specious" statement.
20. Literary style: refers to the artistic originality of the writer's creative personality in the organic whole and speech structure of literary works, which can arouse readers' lasting aesthetic enjoyment.
Knowledge points of "Introduction to Literature": noun explanation 3 1, composition: also known as composition, which is one of the types at the grammatical level and the overall language composition law of a specific text.
2. Rhetorical level: it is one of the basic levels of literary language organization, expressive and regular to show the application of programs.
3. Generality of literary image: The function that literary image can convey rich internal meanings is called generality of literary image.
4. Typical environment: refers to the living environment of the characters that fully reflects the true face of the real relationship. It includes a big environment with a specific and unique personality that reflects the general situation of social reality relations in a specific historical period; It also includes the specific environment of personal life formed by this historical environment.
5. Combination of reality and fiction: This is the structural feature of artistic conception. Imagination and reality are a pair of philosophical categories, which are applied to the theory of artistic conception. Reality refers to the scenery, shape and environment described realistically, and virtual environment refers to the aesthetic imagination space induced and developed by reality. Virtual reality is realized by real reality, and it should be processed under the control of virtual reality. The combination of virtual reality and real reality has become a unique structural way of artistic conception.
6. Symbolic image: The principle and method of constructing literary symbolic image is called symbolic image. It is the only way to create symbolic images, that is, to pursue the conformity of images under the guidance of abstract thinking and to seek the truth of ideas with absurd fantasies.
7. Absurdity: This is the image feature of literary symbolic images, which means that artists deliberately create unreasonable and abnormal images in order to reveal a certain philosophy or concept.
8. Literary image: refers to the concrete perceptual and artistic life picture presented in the text, which embodies the writer's aesthetic ideal and can arouse people's aesthetic feeling.
9. Typical: refers to the characteristics, aesthetic charm and rich historical implications in the discourse system of realistic works. Also known as a typical character or personality.
10. Characterization: In realistic works, the process in which a writer grasps the most distinctive things in life, strengthens them artistically, and produces them is called "characterization", which is the basic method to create typical works.
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12. Symbolic image: Literary symbolic image refers to an artistic image with absurdity and aesthetic interpretation, which aims at expressing thoughts or philosophies and takes symbol as the basic means of expression.
13. Narration: It is to organize the actions and events of characters through language, thus forming literary activities in the art world.
14. Story time: Story time is the sequence of events in the story, that is, the time process of fictional events in the story. The order and length of this time are given by the content of the story.
15, text time: it is the order of narrative language in narrative text, or the order in which readers read the text; This time is actually the order and length of the narrative language itself.
16. Narrative perspective: Narrative perspective is a specific perspective to observe and explain the content of a story with narrative language. The characteristics of narrative perspective are usually determined by the narrator, and there are four main types: first-person narrative, second-person narrative, third-person narrative and narrative that changes with person or perspective.
17. Narrative marker: it is a narrative means that appears in the text and plays a marker role in understanding the story.
18, Story: is the basic composition of narrative content. The elements that make up the story include three main aspects: the events in social life, the complete plot of causal clues organized by these events, and the specific scenes where these events occur.
19, structure: it is the whole existence form composed of all parts of the story. The structure in narrative works can be divided into two layers: one is the surface structure, that is, the structure of narrative text itself; The other is the deep structure, that is, the cultural structure outside the narrative text.
20. Narrative function: it is a character behavior pattern defined according to the specific role of the character in the plot process. The study of narrative function was put forward by Plop of Russian Formalism School when he studied the morphology of folk stories and fairy tales.