The Illustrious Three Souls of Qin·A Trip to Xi’an·Qujiang Pool·The Best Scenery in Chang’an in the Tang Dynasty
Qujiang Pool is located in a low-lying area about 5 kilometers south of Xi’an. It was the ancient Chang’an The most famous scenic spot.
This was previously a large pool that was not too deep. In the Qin Dynasty, the area along the Qujiang River was called "Qizhou", which means "winding". During the reign of Emperor Qin Shihuang, he built a palace here called "Yichun Garden". During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Qujiang Pool was included in Shanglin Garden (Royal Garden), and Qujiang Pool was excavated and cleaned. Because of the twists and turns of its water, it is named Qujiang. During the Sui Dynasty, the city of Chang'an moved south, and Qujiang became part of the city. Qujiang was excavated and dug into a deep pool. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was a superstitious and suspicious person. He believed in the witchcraft of the alchemists and believed that Chang'an City was high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and the geomantic omen was not good. Only by digging the Qujiang Pool into a deep pool could the "kingly spirit" of the Sui Dynasty be preserved. He attempted to use this "win-weary" witchcraft to spread the Sui Dynasty from generation to generation. He also felt that the name "Qujiang" was unlucky, so he changed it to "Furong Pond". During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, extensive construction was carried out on the Qujiang River. Water from the Chan River was diverted from the Yellow Canal at the mouth of Yigu in Zhongnan Mountain into the pond, turning it into a large lake with long north and south, short east and west, curved and rippling water, and was restored. The original name of Qujiang Pool. In the Tang Dynasty, this place was a paradise-like place full of poetry, crowded with tourists, and intoxicating. After the Anshi Rebellion and the war in the late Tang Dynasty, the palaces and pavilions beside Qujiang Pool were destroyed, the channels dried up, and Qujiang Pool declined. Today it has become a flat farmland, with only two architectural ruins, Caixia Pavilion and Ziyun Tower, remaining.
The Qujiang tourist area in the Tang Dynasty was actually composed of a huge group of scenic spots, including Qujiang Pool, Furong Garden, Apricot Garden, Ci'en Temple, Leyou Garden, Qinglong Temple and the Tomb of the Second Emperor of Qin and Hanyao etc.
The most popular place for a banquet is Qujiang Pool
Qujiang Pool was built by the Tang Dynasty people who pursued pleasure into a poetic paradise on earth, where the natural landscape and luxurious and elegant buildings complement each other. Rolling palaces and pavilions on both sides of the bank surround the seven-mile-long lake. The provinces and ministries of the central government of the dynasty also built many pavilions and pavilions here for banquets and tours. There are lots of lotus flowers on the water, and auspicious plants such as calamus and wild rice are planted in the shallow area near the shore. Lu Lun wrote a poem to describe this beautiful scene: "The calamus leaves are turned over and the willow branches are intertwined, and the lotus boats and birds are unknown in the dark. Going to the deepest part of the lotus, the shadows of the Jade Tower and the Golden Palace are mixed."
In the Tang Dynasty, people viewed Qujiang as a tourist attraction The pool is a great pleasure. Especially during the Zhonghe Festival on the first day of February, the Shangsi Festival on the third day of March, the Hungry Ghost Festival on July 15, and the day when the imperial examination results are released, tourists here are crowded, banquets are endless, and markets are everywhere. Not only noble ladies, new scholars, and elegant literati came here to enjoy themselves, but also ordinary people came there enthusiastically. The poet Zhang Ji wrote: "No one does not stay in the garden, and everyone carries wine vessels everywhere." Every year on the third day of March during the Shangsi Festival, the emperor held a banquet for his ministers in Qujiang Pool. Those who could attend the banquet were all royal nobles and feudal literati. , they regard participating in the banquet as the greatest honor.
The picturesque scenery and lively banquets of Qujiang Pool provided inspiration, life materials and a place for poetry writing for poets in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the poet composed a good poem in Qujiang and it would be spread throughout the capital the next day.
Whenever there is a banquet, it is a good time to choose a good partner by the Qujiang Pool. Here, young men and women can have fun together, and many people develop feelings for each other during the play and become privately engaged for life. According to literature records, at that time young men and women played a popular game in Qujiang Pool where they sang Qujiang Tourist Song. "Cut flowers and dress up as lions (hydrangeas) to hit small chains, hold them with Sichuan brocade tassels, and send each other off, singing: 'Don't leave the spring scenery, keep it intoxicating to watch'" ("Historical Stories of Eight Scenic Spots in Guanzhong" edited by Wang Jubao). The dignitaries socialized among the new scholars attending the banquet, looking for a quick son-in-law. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty traveled to Qujiang incognito several times, and many of the palace attendants who went with him never returned. They probably eloped with Ruyihuangjun. There is no record of investigating and punishing such incidents in historical records. It can be seen that the love and elopement of young men and women by the Qujiang Pool was recognized by the society at that time.
Drinking in the Qujiang River is romantic
Qujiang Pool is a gathering place where romantic literati often gather. When they have a happy feast, they put cups full of fine wine on the water On the top, the wine cup is filled with the flowing water. Whoever floats in front of it will drink and compose poetry. This kind of game played by literati is known as "Drinking in Qujiang River", one of the "Eight Scenes of Chang'an" in ancient times.
Drinking in Qujiang River originated from the custom of "cultivating evil spirits" during the Shangsi Festival on March 3rd. Every day on this day, people wash themselves in the water to remove dirt and bad luck. Later, the upper-class nobles and literati evolved this custom into a literati game of drinking wine in the river. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi held many "Qushuiliu Shang" poetry competitions in the forest garden of his former residence in Shaoxing. He also specially built a "Liu Shang Pavilion" in the garden. On the day of the "Wood Festival", he invited dozens of relatives and friends, such as Xie An, Sun Chuo, Wang Xianzhi, etc., to sit by the water of the Orchid Pavilion with nine twists and turns. , drifting in the flowing water, drinking and writing poems, leisurely and contented. This kind of elegant music and happiness would naturally be imitated by the elegant and talented literati of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, drinking in Qujiang River became one of the important activities for the citizens of Chang'an, especially the new scholars who were proud of their success.
Before the new scholars signed their names under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, they often held a banquet in the Apricot Garden, which was called the "Xingyuan Banquet".
The Apricot Garden is located on the west bank of Qujiang Pond. It is named after apricots are the main scenery in the garden.
And because it is opposite Ci'en Temple and close to the south of the temple, it is also called "South Garden". Every spring, apricot flowers bloom everywhere, the fragrance is everywhere, and the scenery is beautiful. The new scholars often enjoy the flowers while having a banquet, so it is also called the "Flower Visiting Banquet". Whenever new scholars come here to have a banquet, tourists also come to join in the fun. The legendary work "The Biography of Li Wa" by Bai Xingjian of the Tang Dynasty was written with Qujiang Apricot Garden as the background, and has been passed down by people of all generations.
"Liu Fei Nan Xing Furong Garden"
The romantic Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty naturally favored Qujiang Pool, which has beautiful scenery and is crowded with tourists. However, the emperor, who is the emperor, cannot get along with ordinary tourists. It's always a worry. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty visited incognito several times, which made everyone in the inner palace uneasy. In order to facilitate the emperor's visit to Qujiang Pool, a hibiscus garden was built with a wall at the best location in the southeast of Qujiang Pool and Leyouyuan. Because it is much smaller than the Royal Forbidden Garden in the north of the city and is located in the south of the city, it is called "Small Garden" or "South Garden". The Hibiscus Garden is named after the hibiscus grown all over the place.
Furong Garden is four or five kilometers away from Chang'an City. In order to prevent the royal troops from being seen by outsiders, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty built a road from Xingqing Palace, where he lived, to the north of Daming Palace at all costs. It leads directly to the "Jiacheng" of Furong Garden in the south. The total length of Jiacheng is 8,000 meters. It is located inside the city wall of Chang'an Dongguo City, parallel to the city wall, and its width and height are equivalent to the city wall. When the city passes through the three city gates of Tonghua, Chunming and Yanxing, you can climb up to the city tower and pass through the specially set stairway. The interior of the mezzanine is very flat and spacious and can accommodate several horse-drawn carriages. Du Mu's sentence of Tang Dynasty, "Flying six times to the south, I am happy with the Furong Garden, and the fragrance from ten miles into Jiacheng" is a portrayal of the emperor's travels.
There is Ziyun Tower built on the north side of the wall. It is not only the gate of Furong Garden, but also a place where the emperor can enjoy the scenery of Qujiang and enjoy singing, dancing and acrobatics. Normally, the door of Ziyun Tower is closed. To enter Furong Garden, you must have the emperor's permission.
Infinite Scenery Le Youyuan
In the Tang Dynasty, after visiting Qujiang Pool, people in Chang'an City often came to Le Youyuan to enjoy the scenery. Leyou Garden is located in the north of Qujiang Pond. Because of its high terrain, it is also called "Leyou Garden". It was called Yichun Garden in the Qin Dynasty, and was renamed "Leyou Garden" during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Princess Taiping, daughter of Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, once wanted to occupy Leyou Garden as private property and build pavilions here. Han Yu's poem "The princess wanted to seize the spring, so she took the shore to the city gate", which refers to this matter.
Every year during Shangsi Festival, Double Ninth Festival and the end of the lunar calendar, people come here one after another to overlook the beautiful scenery of Chang'an. On the Double Ninth Festival, the autumn air is crisp and there are especially many tourists. Leyouyuan was often chanted by poets in the Tang Dynasty. Among those many poems, the most popular one is probably "Le Youyuan" by the poet Li Shangyin of the late Tang Dynasty: "The best scenery of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty" The source of the ancient poem:
Feeling unwell in the evening, driving on the car Gu Yuan. The sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it’s almost dusk.
The first two sentences point out the time and reason for Mingden Leyouyuan, and the last two sentences describe what the poet saw and felt. The poem is written in a very clear and concise summary: Why is it "uncomfortable"? The poet does not say it clearly; what is "infinitely good" is not described in the poem. Only in this way, the poem gives people a very deep impression and rich artistic associations. Throughout the ages, people have been filled with emotions while reciting it. It may be said that this poem embodies "the feeling of twilight, the pain of sinking, the overwhelming emotions, and the infinite sadness"; or it may be said that this poem contains "a vast range of feelings, all of which converge at the same time. It can be said to be sad about one's life, or worried about current events"; It is said that this poem is about lingering and regretting something infinitely beautiful but fleeting...
Hanyao and Wang Baochuan
Hanyao is located on the southeast side of Qujiang Pool In the ditch. It is said that Wang Baochuan's cold kiln in the Peking Opera "Red Mane Horse" (also known as "Wujia Slope") is located here. Legend has it that there was a prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Yun, who was a snobbish man. He had three daughters. The eldest daughter was married to Su Long, an official in the court, and the second daughter was married to Wei Hu, the ruthless and evil general who committed all kinds of evil. The third daughter, Wang Baochuan, is not only beautiful in appearance, but also kind-hearted, upright and strong. Wang Baochuan threw a colored ball to choose his son-in-law and chose Xue Pinggui, who was born as a commoner. Wang Yun firmly disagreed with their marriage. Wang Baochuan resolutely left his family and lived with Xue Pinggui in a dilapidated cave dwelling near Qujiang Pool. Not long after, a red-maned demon horse appeared in Qujiang Pool that bit people and animals. Wang Yun wanted to borrow a knife to kill people, so he ordered Xue Pinggui to subdue the demon horse. Pinggui jumped up and subdued the fierce horse as a mount. The emperor was very happy and appointed Xue Pinggui as a vanguard officer, Wei Hu as marshal, and Su Long as supervisor of the army, and went to conquer the king of Xiliang. On the battlefield, the evil-minded Wei Hu shot Xue Pinggui to death with a hidden arrow. After Xue Pinggui went to the border to fight, Wang Baochuan has been living in a cold kiln, looking forward to her husband's return. Wang Baochuan lived on eating wild vegetables every day. He spent eighteen years in a cold kiln and finally starved to death in the broken kiln. There is not a single wild shepherd's purse in the Qujiang Pond area. It is said that Wang Baochuan dug all the wild shepherd's purse in that year.
There was once a plaque of "Ancient Han Kiln" hanging on the door of the Han Kiln. Next to the door was a couplet inscribed by Gao Weiyue: "There has been no wave in the ancient well for eighteen years, and it is for the faithful woman Zhenyuan to create a new life; for more than a thousand years, the Han Kiln has been Looking to the west, looking at the flowing water of the Qujiang River, I want to see Bing Xin. "Now the Han Kiln has been renovated. There are remodeled statues of Xue Pinggui, Wang Baochuan and his wife, and a red-maned horse. There is also a new five-room hall on the northwest side of the cave. Build Wangfu Pavilion.
The imperial mausoleum is as shabby as a barren tomb
The tomb of Emperor Qin II is located at the south end of Qujiang Pool in Xi'an. Character. The Tomb of Qin II is probably the shabbiest tomb among the emperors of the past dynasties.
The second son of Qin, named Hu Hai, was the eighteenth son of Qin Shihuang.
The First Emperor traveled with Hu Hai for the last time. On the way, the First Emperor fell seriously ill. Because he had not established a prince, he ordered his eldest son Fusu to be buried in Xianyang. Before the edict was issued, the First Emperor died of illness. At that time, Fusu was supervising the troops at the Great Wall border. Hu Hai conspired with his father-in-law Zhao Gao and Prime Minister Li Si to tamper with the imperial edict of the First Emperor to read "Li Si accepted the imperial edict of the First Emperor and established Hu Hai as the crown prince and granted Fu Su death." After Hu Hai usurped the throne and became the second emperor, Zhao Gao took power and Hu Hai became a "puppet", performing the eternal scandal of "turning a deer into a horse". The tyranny of the Qin Dynasty aroused the people's resistance. Amid the cries of revenge for the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Hu Hai was forced to commit suicide by Zhao Gao. They can only be buried according to ordinary people's funeral rites. Just three years apart, the two emperors of the Qin Dynasty had completely different ends.