Wen's poetry is concise, gorgeous and graceful, which has made great contributions to the development of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty. The "graceful school" style popular in Song Dynasty is the inheritance and development of the "Huajian school" concept of ci.
The author thinks that it is not difficult to find that "late Tang poetry" not only has high artistic achievements, but also has ideological depth and "meaning" that the early and middle Tang dynasties did not have. This is mainly related to the social chaos and political turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty.
Due to the gradual collapse of politics in the late Tang Dynasty, all aspects of society were no longer prosperous in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Coupled with years of war, people's livelihood, politics, economy, culture and other aspects are gradually declining, which is both unfortunate and lucky for the sensitive and delicate poets in the late Tang Dynasty.
Unfortunately, many poets are implicated in the background of the turmoil in their home countries. In his life experience, Wen was influenced by changes in social environment. Fortunately, it provided poets in the late Tang Dynasty with a lot of materials for poetry creation, which made their poems more thoughtful and profound.
Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty always gives people a feeling of "frustration and loneliness", while poets in the late Tang Dynasty are mostly depressed and depressed images, so literary works such as poems created in this period always have a strong sentimental mood. This kind of late Tang poetry based on social background and personal experience has a "sad" literary style in later generations.
However, among the more than 370 poems written in the text, although the subject matter is particularly extensive and the conception is very novel, the poem "Boudoir Love" is the most famous for its literary attainments. "Two New Words" is a classic among the love poems of literate women, also known as love poems.
Rough life in literary poetry
1. Childhood bereavement and "Bandu"
Wen was born and grew up in the social environment of the late Tang Dynasty. During the reign of 8 12, Wen was born in a declining aristocratic family in Qixian county, Taiyuan city.
His ancestor was Wen Yanbo, Prime Minister of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty. However, due to a long time, the family has declined, and it can no longer be protected by its merits.
Yuan and fifteen years, Wen's father died. Eight-year-old Wen and his four brothers and sisters had to live alone with their mother. The experience of losing his father and his family in trouble in childhood has a great influence on Wen's character development. Especially living with mothers and sisters for a long time has a great influence on their delicate emotions and gentle writing.
After spending four years in Changqing, my father's good friend, Duan Wenchang helped Wen Jia, and Wen Cai had the opportunity to study with his son. It was also during this period that Wen's thirst for knowledge absorbed water like a sponge. He is familiar with all kinds of classics, history and literary works in the Tang Dynasty. This laid a solid foundation for his future achievements in poetry.
2. A life of trial and error.
Duan Wenchang died in the ninth year of Daiwa, and Tang Wenzong and Wen were helpless. They bid farewell to their son Duan and went north to Chang 'an. In 847 AD, in the first year of Dazhong, Wen took the Jinshi exam in Chang 'an, but failed for various reasons. In the following years, he suffered many misfortunes in the imperial examinations.
To sum up, the reason is that personality determines fate, and Wen relies on talent, because his talent is extraordinary. He wrote his poems about his dissatisfaction with the current social situation and his dislike of the luxurious life of the powerful. Due to the lofty position of Wen in the literary world of the late Tang Dynasty, these poems with the content of poking fun at dignitaries were widely circulated.
These products he wrote not only "taboo", but also offended many powerful people. In fact, this is also the root cause of his repeated trials. Although he was recommended to be an official in the DPRK, his uninhibited personality and uninhibited nature had a great negative impact on his official career.
It is actually very appropriate to describe Wen's life with "life is bumpy and life is down and out". But it is precisely because of these bumpy experiences that his poetry works are more attractive.
Wen integrated childhood misfortunes and repeated grievances into poetry creation. He not only found a sense of belonging in his poems, but also found the feminine side of human nature. This is actually one of the important reasons why his "boudoir love" poems can be immortalized through the ages.
Women's perspective in the love poems of literate women.
Reading Wen's poems from the perspective of poetic style, we can easily find that what he is best at is actually Yuefu poems. Although his Yuefu poems did not completely get rid of the powder of the Six Dynasties, there was an innovative atmosphere in his poetry creation. The poem "always in my heart" is one of the most classic expressions in Yuefu poetry.
The unique feature of the love poems of women is that most of them describe love and lovesickness from the perspective, tone and feelings of women.
There are two * * * sentences in Yang Liuzhi New Words, but the second one is the most classic. Whether it is emotional expression or writing techniques, it is a model of literary love poems.
1. Reflections on the people and things on the bird.
The second song of "Yang Liuzhi New Words", "A candle at the bottom of a well shines, but Lang Changhang can't go. Linglong dice Ann red beans, bone acacia know ".
This poem uses things to describe people, and uses things to chant things, expressing women's deep thoughts about the people in their hearts. In fact, the word "Yang Liuzhi" needs to be sung in harmony, so the meter of this poem is quite strict.
"The light at the bottom of the well is a deep candle", which the poet described with the help of "the light at the bottom of the well". In the lonely midnight, a woman lit a candle and watched it miss her sweetheart. The "lamp at the bottom of the well" also means "deep candle", which is a metaphor for a woman's deep love for a distant lover. Although my sweetheart has gone to other places, I also asked him not to forget himself.
"* * * Lang Changxing Mo Weiqi" actually means missing and entrusting. In the first and second sentences, the use of parallelism to strengthen the tone can express the urgency of women missing their sweetheart more deeply. However, Wen did not use straightforward language to describe this lingering love.
But through "lighting a lamp at the bottom of the well" and "playing chess with a flick of your fingers", this yearning is set off by chanting things. In fact, this is also the main feature of literary love poems. This method of writing poems, which combines Yuefu old poems with seven-character poems, was deeply sought after by people in the late Tang Dynasty.
2. Xiaque is euphemistic and emotional
"linglong dice Anhong Bean" refers to the red dot on the linglong dice, just like the red bean that makes people lovesick. It not only depicts the inner activities of women who see things and think about people, but also makes this feeling more sincere. "I miss you to the bone" is the sublimation of expressing my feelings with the help of dice. Do you know that my thoughts have gone deep into the bone marrow?
This poem was included in Yunxi Friendship (volume) Wen Pei Qu: "Pei Lang Zhongcheng, the second son of Jin Gong. Emotional, good at talking about harmony. It's good to raise children and be friends. So far, drinking seats is just talk. ..... Two people wrote lyrics for "New Voice Yang Liuzhi", and the banquet actually sang its lyrics and made it ".
The first poem "A New Sound of Words" was produced when he heard a meaningful ditty while drinking with his friends, and then he began to write lyrics. This poem is actually about a woman's attachment to her lover.
In terms of poetic language, not only homophonic, but also pun is used. It not only shows the skill of using words in literary and poetic works, but also shows the height of poetic art. Although the whole poem is particularly euphemistic and implicit to read, it can make everyone deeply feel the depth of lovesickness.
The author thinks that the whole Yang Liuzhi Ci is written from the perspective of women, in fact, in order to express the feelings of lovesickness more delicately. Because a woman's mind is not only delicate, but also full of tenderness. Describing love in a feminine tone is not only more acceptable, but also increases the feeling of empathy.
Wen's "Boudoir Love" Poetry and Its Influence
The author thinks that Wen's poems are enough to dominate half of the literary world in the late Tang Dynasty. Gorgeous rhetoric and beautiful emotions are the characteristics of poetry and lyrics. "Bright colors at the same time" is the main feature of his poems. The reason why Wen created a large number of "boudoir poems" and "erotic poems" is related to his personal experience and the background of the late Tang Dynasty.
Wen is a great writer who is good at poetry and calligraphy. Although his "boudoir love" poems were rated as too "fragrant" by people at that time and later generations, they lost their original intention. But in fact, judging from the achievements of poetry creation, he is absolutely second to none in the style of poetry and song in the late Tang Dynasty and even in the whole Tang Dynasty.
Although there are about one-sixth of Yuefu poems in Wen's poetry collection, most of them are based on boudoir banquets. However, starting from reality, his achievements in Yuefu poetry have a high artistic level. Although the content is mainly about love, poems praising history, remembering the past and writing scenery are definitely a must in the late Tang Dynasty.
Based on Yuefu poetry, this article is not only gifted in poetry creation, but also fluent in poetry creation. However, due to his arrogance, he often used historical events to satirize the shortcomings of the times, which not only offended the dignitaries in the Tang Dynasty, but also ruined his fame and fortune all his life.
In the Song Dynasty, he commented on Wen's poems in Volume II of Bizhi: "Wen Feiqing's numbers are mostly side songs, and what's more," Acacia peach leaves (cores) are ultimately hateful, and Li has no one else. Linglong dice Anhoudou, do you know anything about human bone acacia? "
This is actually a high evaluation of the love poems of the literati.
In order to commemorate his great contribution to Yuefu poetry, later generations listed him as the "four outstanding Yuefu poets" in Tang Dynasty, together with Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. At this point, Wen's poetry was pushed to a new height in the late Tang Dynasty. Although there are occasional derogatory remarks about literary poetry, no one can shake his achievements and position in poetry.
conclusion
The author thinks that Wen, as a great poet in the late Tang Dynasty, the reason why his poetry creation can reach a higher level has a lot to do with his "repeated trials and tribulations, bumpy life and poor life". His childhood experience, the knowledge of gifted scholars and the circumstances when he grew up all provided the necessary materials for his poetry creation.
Apart from the social background at that time, the biggest reason why Wen specializes in "Yuefu Poetry" and "Boudoir Love Poetry" is his personal experience. He is not only good at poetry, but also proficient in melody. When he was in contact with actors and cabarets, he felt not only their sadness, but also their sympathy.
Although most of his poems are characterized by flowery rhetoric, there is endless sadness behind the flowery rhetoric. He is good at writing poems about objects and likes to write poems by comparison. Being good at music, the Cultural Revolution changed the melody of Tang poetry, making the poetry in the late Tang Dynasty more beautiful.