Because Vietnamese spoken language is different from Chinese, classical Chinese can't accurately record Vietnamese national language (like ancient Korea and Vietnam, classical Chinese was used in writing, but folk spoken language is the national language). After the spread of Chinese characters in Vietnam, some people began to try to create a new written record of Vietnamese national language based on Chinese characters, called "Vietnamese". In the 8th century, southern characters began to appear, and in the 3rd century/kloc-0, Vietnamese literati began to use southern characters for literary creation. The most famous literary work here is Chu Ci written by Ruan Du in the 9th century A.D./KLOC-0. Because of the strong idea of "respecting Han", the upper class in Vietnam has always rejected this kind of writing, and the national education organs have not regarded it as an official writing, nor have they sorted it out and standardized it. Although both the rulers of the Hu Dynasty (1400-1407) and the Fuchun Courtyard of the Ruan Dynasty in Xishan (1788-1802) once attached importance to Nanzi and promoted it to the status of national documents.
Now Vietnamese is written in Latin letters, called Chu Quoc Ngu. It was integrated by Alexandre Rhodes (French: Alexandre de Rhodes), a French missionary who came more and more in the17th century (1591-Kloc-0/660), according to the spelling principles of previous missionaries. During the French occupation of Vietnam in the19th century, this writing system became popular and was fully used in the 20th century. Vietnamese national characters use Latin letters. Vietnamese Mandarin calligraphy is a unique art in Vietnam, which has been deeply loved by people in recent years. There are calligraphy clubs all over Vietnam, and many of them write Mandarin very well, and their works are very collectible. The picture on the right shows the calligraphy works of Vietnamese calligraphers. The feature of Vietnamese calligraphy is that it is often inscribed on paintings.
You know, before the 20th century, the official Vietnamese writing was always Chinese characters, and calligraphy was also China's calligraphy. Historically, Vietnam has three file systems, including:
Chinese
Chinese (Yue: Hanwu? N/ Chinese) was the main official document system in feudal Vietnam, and nobles and intellectuals also wrote in Chinese. Chinese (classical Chinese) is also a common document system in ancient East Asian countries, and it is also used in China, South Korea and Japan. However, it is completely composed of Chinese characters, which is quite different from Vietnamese, and it is difficult to achieve unity with Vietnamese spoken language in writing. With the improvement of national language awareness of written expression, Nanzi was invented at the latest in the century of 13. The appearance of Nan Zi completed the unification of written and spoken Vietnamese, and the Chinese Nan Zi, which represents Vietnamese, also appeared. The emergence of Korean accelerated the development of Vietnamese national language and literature, and many excellent articles were also written in Korean, such as Ruan Tan in15th century, and many of his Korean poems are still appreciated by people today. Vietnamese literature reached a peak in the18th century, with Ruan You's biography of Jin Qiaoyun and He Xuanhong's poems about Hannan. Because they were written in Hannan, which is convenient for Vietnamese people to understand and remember, these literary works are widely circulated in oral form among Vietnamese people (DeFrancis 1977:44-46).
On the other hand, after the emergence of Chinese, Chinese is still used in official documents. One exception was the Hu Dynasty (1400- 1407), when Chinese was temporarily abolished and Hannan was officially opened. However, due to the arrival of the third northern vassal era in Vietnam, the official status of Hannan was terminated. In the Li Dynasty, Chinese became the preferred medium of social dissent, so the government of the Li Dynasty banned the use of Chinese in three periods: 1663, 17 18 and 1760. The last time Hannan was adopted by Vietnamese officials was during the Xishan Dynasty (1788- 1802). However, in the later Ruan Dynasty, Hannan's official position was terminated again. Nguyn Phuc Anh, the first emperor of Ruan Dynasty (1802- 1945), supported the use of Nan characters and Chinese characters before he became emperor, but he began to use Chinese characters after he came to power (Hannas 1997:83-84). From the second half of the 19th century, French colonists began to ban the use of Chinese (classical Chinese), the official document of Ruan Dynasty, and abolished 19 15 and 19 18 to19/kloc-0. The decline of Chinese characters and their status also leads to the decline of Nanzi, which is closely related to Chinese characters (de Francis1977:179). In the first half of the 20th century, southern characters and Chinese characters gradually declined, while the pinyin characters and Putonghua characters popularized by French colonists began to be standardized and became popular in Vietnam.