I was watching the cock crow, and the world was white, but I was surprised that the goose hit Haidongqing.
After many days of heavy yin and choking, there are still a few stars in the waning moon.
The room is spacious, I am independent, how many people wake up?
Huang Zunxian (1848-April 27, 65438+March 28, 0905), a Hakka of Han nationality, was a poet, diplomat, politician and educator in Qing Dynasty.
Huang Zunxian was born in Jiaying County, Guangdong Province. He is a juror of 1876. He has served as Counsellor in Japan, Consul General in San Francisco, Consul General in Britain and Consul General in Singapore. During the Reform Movement of 1898, he served as the provincial judge of Hunan Province and assisted Governor Chen Baozhen in carrying out the New Deal. Gong Shi, who likes to incorporate new things into poetry, is known as the "creative teacher of poetry". Huang Zunxian's works include Lonely Poems, Records of Japan and Japanese Miscellaneous Poems. Known as "the first person in modern China to go to the world".
1 character lifetime
Take the imperial examination
From 1863 to 1876, Huang Zunxian made continuous progress in his studies under the influence of his family and the guidance of his teachers.
1873 (Twelve years of Tongzhi) When Huang Zunxian was 26 years old, he was admitted to Ba Gong Sheng.
1874 (13th year of Tongzhi) In the spring, Huang Zunxian set off for Beijing to take the rural examination in Shuntian (the Qing Dynasty adopted the old system of the Ming Dynasty and took Beijing as Shuntianfu). At that time, his father Huang Hongzao was working in Beijing, so his father and son lived alone. Because Huang Hongzao's salary is not much, their life is very simple. In Beijing, Huang Zunxian made some friends and met some officialdom figures, which had a certain influence on his later political life.
1876 (the second year of Guangxu), I roamed Yantai, Shandong with my father and got to know Zhang and Li Hongzhang, the bureaucrats of the Westernization School. Huang Zunxian talked about Kan Kan in front of them, which aroused their interest and concern for the young man. Li Hongzhang praised Huang Zunxian as a bully in front of others. With Li Hongzhang's power and status at that time, Huang Zunxian, a fledgling junior, could get such high attention that Huang Zunxian felt as an insider. This is the beginning of Huang Zunxian's contact with Westernization.
1876 (the second year of Guangxu) took the Shuntian exam, was admitted as the jurorNo. 14 1, and was elected as the magistrate with five titles.
Diplomatic career
1877 (the third year of Guangxu), He Zunxian's fellow countryman and imperial academy's assistant lecturer was appointed as China's first ambassador to Japan and invited him to go to Japan together. After Huang Zunxian was promoted to the imperial examination, his family hoped that he would take the Jinshi examination again and opposed his going to Japan. Despite the opposition of his family and relatives, he resolutely gave up his official career in imperial examinations and chose overseas foreign affairs. On the recommendation of He, Huang Zunxian was appointed as Counsellor in Japan to accompany him to Japan. On the eve of his mission, Huang Zunxian wrote a poem, expressing his hope to display his talent and realize his ambition in diplomatic work with Japan.
1877 (the third year of Guangxu)165438+1On the evening of October 26th, Huang Zunxian set off from Shanghai with more than 30 people, and finally landed in Kobe to start diplomatic activities with Japan. Huang Zunxian worked in Japan for four years, roaming around, attending various gatherings, making friends with people from all walks of life, forging deep friendship with many Japanese friends and actively advocating good-neighborly friendship between China and Japan. He was once called "the most elegant and educated diplomat" in China by Japanese historians. Poems by Japanese friends in Zeng Zeng express the wish of the Chinese and Japanese people for friendship and prosperity from generation to generation. However, he resisted the Japanese government's annexation of Ryukyu and aggression against North Korea, arguing for it. His poems are very popular with the Japanese, who praise him as a "master of sewing the moon". He also wrote more than 200 Japanese miscellaneous poems on Japanese history, politics, scenery and customs, which opened up a new realm of China's classical poetry.
1879 (the fifth year of Guangxu), when Japan annexed Ryukyu, the important documents of Minister He Zhi, Prime Minister Yamen and Minister Beiyang were more than 65,438+words, which analyzed Japan's national conditions, stated the countermeasures that China should take, and pointed out: "If Ryukyu dies, the Bohai Sea will bear the brunt within a few years." These predictions were proved by later facts. Most of these documents were drafted by Huang Zunxian. However, the Qing government did not adopt Huang Zunxian's view on foreign policy, which eventually made Ryukyu a victim of Japanese aggression policy. Huang Zunxian had to pin his grief and indignation on his poem Ryukyu Song.
1880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), a Japanese friend, Mr. Yuan Huisheng, with the consent of Huang Zunxian, buried some manuscripts of Japanese Miscellaneous Poems in his home near the Mojiang River in Tokyo, and Huang Zunxian wrote the words "the first draft of Japanese Miscellaneous Poems" and carved a stone to erect a monument as a symbol of the permanent friendship between the Chinese and Japanese peoples. During his stay in Japan, Huang Zunxian began to contact the bourgeois theory of democracy and freedom spread from the west to Japan. After reading the works of French Enlightenment pioneers Rousseau and Montesquieu, he "changed his mind and thought that a peaceful world must be based on democracy", and realized that "he should learn from the West" and "China must change to the West", and his thoughts changed obviously. And share this idea and idea with him. It was the formation of this thought that made him an active advocate of China's reform movement. During his stay in Japan, Huang Zunxian clearly saw that the increasingly powerful Japan was pointing its aggression at China and North Korea.
From 65438 to 0880 (the sixth year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian expounded his geopolitical proposition in Northeast Asia by giving advice to Kim Hongji, a North Korean envoy. He wrote a letter to the imperial court with the Chinese ambassador to Japan, He said: "Therefore, in view of the current situation in China, it is possible to set up an envoy to North Korea. Taking Mongolia and Tibet as examples, domestic politics and foreign treaties are presided over by China, and ordinary people dare not covet it. "
During his stay in Japan, Huang Zunxian deeply understood Japan's national conditions, collected more than 200 kinds of materials, and wrote the National History of Japan (1887), a 40-volume book with more than 500,000 words, which described in detail the process of Japan's reform and its gains and losses, thus putting forward China's reform proposition.
1882 (Guangxu eight years), transferred to the consul general in San Francisco. On March 30, as soon as Huang Zunxian set foot on this American continent, he met the Chinese exclusion incident initiated by the American ruling group. The United States Congress promulgated Article 15 of the Regulations on Restricting Chinese Workers, and many San Francisco expatriates were arrested and imprisoned by the local government on the pretext of "unsanitary". Previously, Huang Zunxian had proposed countermeasures to the Qing government, but the fatuous, decadent and cowardly Qing government did not adopt them at all. Therefore, he can only try his best to protect overseas Chinese in China within the scope of his functions and powers with a love for overseas Chinese. On one occasion, the local government of the United States had another fight with workers in China. They sent officials to "patrol" Chinese residential areas, and then thought that Chinese people did not pay attention to hygiene and violated the government's hygiene regulations, and should be detained and fined. Many people in China have been arrested and prisons are overcrowded. After hearing the news, Huang Zunxian inspected the residence of Chinese workers in San Francisco, personally visited the American prison where Chinese workers were held, and asked his entourage to measure the prison area. He asked the Americans, "There are many people here and the air is dirty. Are the sanitary conditions in prisons better than those of overseas Chinese? " American officials were speechless when asked about this matter. Through Huang Zunxian's efforts, all the arrested overseas Chinese were released. Huang Zunxian's just action was unanimously praised by China people. Huang Zunxian used international law to win the consul general's right to issue licenses to Chinese workers. Since then, China workers have laws to follow when traveling between China and the United States.
1884 (the tenth year of Guangxu), he witnessed the American presidential election and wrote the Chronicle, which exposed the darkness of American politics, but came to the conclusion that "* * * politics cannot be applied to our country today", which was a retrogression in ideological understanding.
Compilation of returning home
1884 (the tenth year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian's mother died.
1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu) in August, he asked for leave from the United States to re-edit The History of Japan, which was finally completed in the summer of 1887 (the 13th year of Guangxu). The history of Japanese * * * has 40 volumes, about 500,000 words, catalogued as 12: national history, neighboring history, astronomical geography history, official position history, food history, military history, prosperity history, learning history, customs history and product technology history. This paper introduces the history and present situation of Japan in detail, especially the reform measures and effects adopted after the Meiji Restoration. On the day this book was finished, Huang Zunxian wrote "The Sense of Achievement in Books" and expressed his feelings. Wife's Mirror is a Japanese chronicle history book, and Mirror a Thousand Years ago is a history book written by Zhang Jiuling in Tang Dynasty. Huang Zunxian hopes to learn from Japanese experience and make China rich and strong through reform and transformation. The publication of this book greatly deepened the Japanese's understanding of China and became a must-read reference book for Japanese to understand and study Japan.
1885 (11th year of Guangxu) wrote a long poem "General Feng's Military Song", which outlined the heroic image of Feng Zicai, an old general who defeated the nemesis in the Sino-French War.
1885 (11th year of Guangxu) 10 In June, Huang Zunxian arrived in Guangzhou, first visited his father in Wuzhou, and then returned to Jiaying by boat. When he returned to his hometown after many years' absence, his family and villagers came to visit him and asked him all kinds of questions, some of which were absurd and interesting. Huang Zunxian skillfully answered this "difficult problem". After the guests left, the family sat around the lanterns, but they could no longer see their loving mother. Huang Zunxian could not help but shed tears sadly. Then Huang Zunxian began to be busy with the final compilation of Japanese history.
1886 (12th year of Guangxu), Zhang was appointed as the ambassador to the United States. He hoped that Huang Zunxian would continue to serve as consul in San Francisco, but Huang Zunxian resigned. In the same year, Zhang Zhidong, a bureaucrat of the Westernization School and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, wanted to order Huang Zunxian to inspect the South China Sea islands, and Huang Zunxian also resigned. Huang Zunxian devoted himself to the revision and compilation of Records of Japan, which was finally completed in the summer of 1887 (13th year of Guangxu) and published in 1895 (21st year of Guangxu). The book has 40 volumes and more than 500,000 words. The book comments on China's reality, which clearly shows the idea of taking Meiji Restoration as the reform model. This book has a profound influence on the reform upsurge after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
1889 (15th year of Guangxu reign), Xue Fucheng, the ambassador to France, saw the book "Japanese History" and enjoyed it very much. He praised Huang Zunxian many times, so he spoke highly of him and made a preface to Japanese History. In the same year, Xue Fucheng was appointed ambassador to Britain, France, Italy and Belgium. On the recommendation of Xue Fucheng, the Qing government appointed Huang Zunxian as the second Counsellor in Britain to accompany Xue Fucheng to Europe. In this way, Huang Zunxian began his life as an envoy again.
Secondary diplomacy
1890 (16th year of Guangxu) In February, Xue Fucheng arrived in Hong Kong by boat, and Huang Zunxian came from Jiaying State to meet Xue Fucheng and board the ship. They set out from Hong Kong, entered the Red Sea through Vietnam, Singapore and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), entered the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal, passed through Marseille and Paris in France, and finally arrived in London, England. Along the way, Huang Zunxian was attracted by exotic customs and lamented the loss of weak countries in Asia. During his stay in Britain, Huang Zunxian contacted senior figures in British politics and carefully inspected the political system of British constitutional monarchy. He admires the system very much. Later, during the Reform, Huang Zunxian was in Hunan, helping Chen Baozhen to carry out the local autonomy system, imitating Britain. Huang Zunxian was appointed as the second counsellor for assistance in Britain and different provinces. Soon, Huang Zunxian was transferred to the Consul General of Singapore. Later, Xue Fucheng mentioned the whole story of Huang Zunxian's transfer in Diary of an Ambassador to Britain, France and Italy. That's because the prefect of Beiyang Navy said in his report to the imperial court that he was ordered to sail to Singapore and witnessed the local overseas Chinese being bullied and exploited by foreigners because the China government did not set up a consulate, and there was nowhere to complain. He asked the China government to send a consul to the islands near Singapore as soon as possible. Xue Fucheng is considering changing the Singaporean consul to consul general, so that he can also handle overseas Chinese affairs at other ports. After consideration, he decided to appoint Huang Zunxian. Because this person is "experienced, knowledgeable, cautious, peaceful and capable." From Xue Fucheng's comments, we can see that Huang Zunxian was a mature and sophisticated diplomat at this time.
189 1 autumn (the 17th year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian went to Singapore as Consul General, engaged in improving the treatment of overseas Chinese, protecting their property and developing overseas Chinese education, and achieved certain results. Through Huang Zunxian's efforts, the Qing government promulgated some laws and regulations to protect overseas Chinese. Later, Huang Zunxian established a system of issuing "passports" to overseas Chinese. Huang Zunxian served as Consul General in Singapore for more than three years, during which he was in poor health and spent about half his time recuperating. Despite this, Huang Zunxian persisted in his work, handled foreign affairs, and paid special attention to overseas Chinese affairs. After Huang Zunxian argued, the British government finally promised China to set up vice consuls in Kuala Lumpur and other places.
1894 (20th year of Guangxu), the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out. Huang Zunxian, who is in a foreign country, misses his motherland and is very concerned about the development of the war situation. /kloc-at the end of 0/894 (the 20th year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian ended his diplomatic career for more than ten years and returned to China as the general manager of Jiangning Westernization Bureau.
Participate in political reform
1895 In the spring (the 21st year of Guangxu), Huang Zunxian went to Jiangning (now Nanjing) to visit Zhang Zhidong, but Huang Zunxian was not taken seriously. During Huang Zunxian's handling of religious plans in Hubei, the Qing government signed the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan. Huang Zunxian was very sad to hear that Taiwan Province Province was ceded. However, Huang Zunxian was not sent to an empty mountain, but devoted himself to the reform and political reform movement initiated by Kang Youwei with great enthusiasm.
1895 (the 21st year of Guangxu) participated in the Shanghai Strong Society and founded current affairs with Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong.
1896 (22nd year of Guangxu) In September, Emperor Guangxu, who was eager for reform and reform, summoned Huang Zunxian in Beijing. Guangxu asked, "Why did Taixifu win over China?" Huang Zunxian replied: "The power of Taixi needs reform. I was in London and heard from my father that a hundred years ago, it was not as good as China. " While maintaining China's confidence, it is self-evident to learn from the West. Emperor Guangxu was overjoyed and decided to reuse Huang Zunxian.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/897 (in the 23rd year of Guangxu reign), Huang Zunxian was appointed as Changbao Salt Law Road in Hunan Province, responsible for the production, transportation and marketing of salt in a province, and also in charge of the money valley and criminal names along the way. After Huang Zunxian arrived in Hunan, Li Jingyi, the former Hunan provincial judge, went to Beijing on business, and Huang Zunxian became the Hunan provincial judge, responsible for the assessment of prisons and officials in a certain province. At that time, Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan Province, was a cutting-edge figure who supported the political reform. After Huang Zunxian took office, he actively assisted Chen Baozhen in carrying out political, economic, cultural and educational reforms. At the suggestion of Huang Zunxian, Chen Baozhen agreed to set up a current affairs school to train talents for political reform. Huang Zunxian also invited Liang Qichao to come to Hunan as the head teacher of the current affairs school. After Liang Qichao arrived in Hunan, he initiated the establishment of Southern College to promote local autonomy. Although the Southern Institute is called the Institute, it actually has the size of a local council. Nanshe will give a speech every seven days. Liang Qichao, Huang Zunxian, Tan Sitong and others gave lectures, expounded the international situation and domestic events, publicized the idea of reform and reform, and advocated the development of local national industries. After the establishment of Southern College, Huang Zunxian made nine speeches, among which the first lecture held by Southern College was given by Huang Zunxian. Because Huang Zunxian's many years of overseas life experience and vivid language have opened the eyes of the audience, Huang Zunxian has also become famous.
1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu) In the winter, Germany occupied Jiaozhou Bay, and the crisis of partition was imminent. Kang Youwei wrote to Emperor Guangxu again.
1 1,1June, 898 (the 24th year of Guangxu), Emperor Guangxu promulgated "making the country an imperial edict". The "Hundred Days Reform" officially began. Because of the political, economic, cultural and military reforms of the reformists, they violated the interests of the die-hards headed by Empress Dowager Cixi and were strongly opposed by them. In August, Huang Zunxian was appointed Minister in Japan. In September of 2 1 year, Empress Dowager Cixi staged a coup, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu, declared "pro-government" and ordered the arrest of reformists. The Hundred Days Reform failed. On October 9th, 65438/KLOC-0, Shanghai Road Cai Jun was ordered to detain Huang Zunxian in the Westernization Bureau, and sent more than 200 guards to wait for being escorted to the north. However, Huang Zunxian was not killed and became one of the few survivors among the reformist leaders. On the one hand, he has a wide range of friends on weekdays, and someone in the DPRK intercedes for him. More importantly, countries such as Britain and Japan put pressure on the Qing government. The British Consul General in Shanghai declared to the Qing government: "If the China government wants to put Huang Zunxian to death without asking what he has gained, China will try its best to rescue him to avoid accidents." The Japanese ambassador to China also made representations to the Qing government, claiming that the investigation of Huang Zunxian was "detrimental to the friendship between the two countries." This forced the die-hards to have scruples and had to release Huang Zunxian. 10 On June 5438+05, Huang Zunxian returned to the south by boat.
Rural residential stage
From 1899 to 1905, after returning to his hometown, Huang Zunxian still enthusiastically promoted the work of constitutionalism and revolution, devoted himself to the creation of new-style poems, and was known as the "revolutionary giant in poetry". At the same time, he was enthusiastic about the education in his hometown, founded Jiaying Academy, served as the principal, and actively set up new schools. In his later years, Huang Zunxian hung a picture of the current situation drawn by Xie Zutai, a member of the Hui Association. /kloc-in the winter of 0/904 (30th year of Guangxu reign), Huang Zunxian wrote in his last poem "Ji Meng in Disease": "... your head is leaning against my wall, and the wall is red and fuzzy. I wiped my eyes and exclaimed to carve up the map ... "
1905 On March 28th (the 31st year of Guangxu reign), Huang Zunxian died of illness in his hometown of Meizhou at the age of 58. Six years later, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and the feudal system in China ended.
Two personal works
Poetic thinking
Huang Zunxian was the earliest person who advocated the poetic revolution in the history of modern literature in China. Huang Zunxian was influenced by the civilian flavor and realistic spirit of the family that rose from Hakka businessman to bureaucrat. After middle age, he personally experienced a series of political turmoil before and after the Reform Movement of 1898, which caused great waves in his heart. All these provide a good life foundation and ideological and emotional foundation for him to create new artistic conception, new style and "new poetry" that expresses new things. He faithfully displayed the patriotic enthusiasm, painful contradiction and ideal pursuit of advanced intellectuals living in that era, and faithfully recorded many shocking events that took place in China in that new historical stage. Two important factors that constitute the new content of his poems are novel themes and themes. It shows the life, requirements, cultural characteristics and political situation of the new era, reflects the main contradictions in China society in the past century, permeates the spirit of realism and runs through the anti-imperialist and patriotic spirit.
Huang Zunxian's poems are based on realistic creative methods and full of romanticism, which laid an important foundation for bourgeois reformist poetry revolution. With the goal of "the old style contains new artistic conception", he tried to unify the old tradition and style of China's classical poetry with the new artistic conception and style required by the new era and new content. It reflects the major events in modern history, especially the principal contradictions in modern China society, with the method of realism, so it is called "the history of poetry". His poems show strong patriotism and criticism of feudal absolutism, feudal academic culture and old ethics. He also used poetry to directly serve the reformist movement, publicize reformist ideas and promote foreign scientific civilization. His creation basically put the theory into practice and achieved success, and he shined brilliantly in modern poetry circles with his unique art.
Theme theme
Huang Zunxian experienced turmoil in his early years, cared about reality, and advocated "preserving the disadvantages of the present" (the first part of Feeling). From 1877 (the third year of Guangxu) to 1894 (the twentieth year of Guangxu), he has been to Japan, Britain, the United States, Singapore and other places as a diplomat. After personal contact with bourgeois civilization and investigation of the successful experience of Meiji Restoration in Japan, the thought of "China will be reformed from the west" was clearly established (the 47th self-note in Ji Hai Zashi), and under the agitation of new cultural thoughts, a new exploration of poetry creation was started. He deeply felt that classical poetry "changed from ancient times to the extreme" was difficult again. However, he firmly believes that "there is no ancient or modern poetry". "If you can meet it, see it with your eyes, hear it with your ears, and write it to poetry, why should the ancients? I have my own poet "(On Poetry with Wolf Mountain). His creative practice along this road broke through the traditional world of ancient poetry, formed a self-reliant and unique "new poetry school" and became the epitome and banner of "poetry revolution".
Huang Zunxian's poem "There are things outside the poem, but there are people in the poem" ("Preface to Poems in Solitude") widely reflects the times experienced by the poet and has profound historical content. It is a milestone in the development of China's classical poetry from the final stage to the innovative stage. Anti-imperialism, family protection and reform are two important themes in his poems. In terms of anti-imperialism, from the resistance to the British and French allied forces to the Boxer Rebellion, his poems have a clear reflection. Especially about the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he wrote a series of poems, such as Sadness for Pyongyang, Sadness for Lushun, Weeping for Weihai, A Trip to Taiwan Province Province, Military Songs of General Crossing Liao, etc., and his anti-imperialist and patriotic thoughts were particularly prominent. Poets praise the Anti-Japanese War and attack surrender in such works, full of patriotic passion and deep concern for the country. Many of these chapters are large in scale and vivid in image, showing the poet's boldness and skill. For example, in the "Feng Jiangjun Song", it was written: "The general was furious, so 5,000 people went. Five thousand troops marched in and continued to kill each other. The thunder cannon wants to make a sound, and the halberd and chest knife are in the neck. The enemy beat the drums and died, and ten thousand snakes walked like ants. Ten swings without water, three hundred miles a day. " In the Sino-French War, the heroic image of patriotic general Feng Zicai and the unstoppable momentum of Feng Jun were vividly displayed.
Huang Zunxian criticized the stale things in the works such as Feeling, Miscellaneous Feeling and Japanese Miscellaneous Poems, and praised the new things such as overseas students and Meiji Restoration in Japan. Later, he enthusiastically eulogized the reform and hoped that the Chinese nation would rise again through reform: "Yellow people hold the sun to support the sky and shine brightly." (As a gift to Ren Liang's father in the same year)1When the coup took place in 898, he wrote poems such as Feeling and Looking Up at the Sky. Sighing the death of the New Deal and worrying about the future of the country, there are mixed feelings: "It is more difficult for yellow people to hold on to the Japanese when they talk about the disaster in Chixian County" (feeling 8). But he didn't shake his faith. The 47th poem of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems says:
The raging sea is flowing eastward, and all laws will be unified again. After 20 years, the calligraphy is written in my heart. This irresistible spirit of believing in the historical trend of getting old and getting new runs through his poems.
It is worth noting that Huang Zunxian's poems at the turn of the old and the new describe the overseas world and new things that appeared earlier with modern science, broaden the subject matter and reflect the field of life, and write new contents that classical poems do not have. His four poems "Farewell to Today" respectively sang the new situation of parting when ships, trains, telegrams, photos and known things are relative day and night, which is unique and refreshing. Poets integrate new theories into the connotation of poetry, express the ideal of life and the theory of change and transformation of things, thus creating a new realm of poetry. In this poem, the poet said that "there are many different ideas in the world". He stepped into the capitalist world from a feudal country, and everything touched his poetic mood, reflecting the overseas world untouched by the ancients into China's poems. "On August 15th, the Moon on the Pacific Ocean" outlines the unique situation of night sailing in the Pacific Ocean with beautiful strokes. The exotic scenery of various countries, such as the cherry blossoms in Japan (the song of cherry blossoms), the fog in London (the fog in London), the Eiffel Tower in Paris (climbing the Paris Tower) and the sleeping Buddha in Ceylon Island (the sleeping Buddha in Ceylon Island), have all been captured by poets. Overseas poetry also involves foreign folk customs and current affairs politics. Japanese miscellaneous poems reflect Japan's history and social life in many ways. The poem "Chronicle" humorously describes the situation in which * * * and the Democratic Party tried their best to promote themselves and competed fiercely for voters in the US presidential election.
Artistic feature
Huang Zunxian said, "Elegance does not die from good works, but after prosperity, it benefits and admires strangeness" (second edition for Zeng Chongbo). He knows that the life of poetry lies in change and creation. On the basis of widely absorbing the achievements of predecessors, his poems are innovative and creative in the spirit of "being good at writing" and along the trend of "praising strangeness", forming their own unique style. First of all, although his poems often have a forward-looking pursuit of romance and lofty sentiments, the more important aspect is real realism. He has many great works, the length of which exceeds that of the ancients, and often forms his own miniature history. For example, Ke Fan is close to the development history of overseas Chinese in Nanyang, Zhu Ke is a history of blood and tears of Chinese workers in the United States, and the tomb of Li Taihou, the great grandmother, is the author's family history and childhood life history. He is good at describing, describing, writing scenes, laying out scenes, and sketching characters with meticulous ink, with rich content and vivid images. For example, The Military Song of General Liao vividly depicts the character of Wu Da. Wu Ben is the governor of Hunan. He likes epigraphy. When the Sino-Japanese War broke out, he just bought a China seal with the seal "General Crossing Liao". He thought it was a sign of the marquis, so he volunteered to start his career. At the beginning, he wrote his enthusiasm for going out to war: "I heard that there was a chicken reborn in the middle of the night, so I told the orientals that I was coming." This trip to receive Wan Huhou is not enough! "full of momentum.
Literary works
Miscellaneous Records of Japan, Volume 2.
Forty volumes of Japanese History were published by Shanghai Book Integration Publishing House 1898 and reprinted by Zhejiang Bookstore.
Eleven volumes of Poetry in Man's Land (finalized by 1902) were published in Japan in 19 1 1.
Collected Works of Huang Zunxian, edited by Wu Zhenqing, Tianjin People's Publishing House.
Poems include: Miscellaneous Feeling, Today's Parting, Japanese Miscellaneous Poems, Ren Liang's Father's Topic in the Same Year, Going to Yueyang Tower, etc.
3 posterity commemoration
1884 (the tenth year of Guangxu), the library was built. 1898 (twenty-four years of Guangxu) compiled the Catalogue of Jiaying Huang's Library, which is recorded as follows: classic 100 species, 129 1 volume; 253 historical departments, volume 5 122; Subdivision 22 1 species, 1425; Collection 2 12 species, 1523 volumes; There are 2 1 series, 2,468 books, 4 self-written books and 2 1 book, totaling 81book, 1 1850 books. The rare books include the Inscription of Xiuhui Temple Pagoda, and the rest are mostly ordinary and practical books. It has accumulated more than 654.38 million books for local students to read.
There are more than 8000 books written and read by Huang Zunxian in the library. There are couplets written by Huang Zunxian himself in Lu, such as the living room couplet: "Ten thousand feet of letters belong to the abbot's room, surrounded by mountains", and another couplet: "Three points of water, four points of bamboo, seven points of the moon; From the five-step building, the ten-step pavilion and the hundred-step Yangtze River, the environment of this former residence is vividly described.
Renjing Road was restored and opened to the outside world in March 1982, and was declared as a cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province in June 1989. In June 1990, it was awarded as an excellent modern building in China. 1In March 1994, the Cultural Relics Management Office of Renjing Road in Meizhou City was established for special protection and management.1In March 1995.
4 family members
Huang Zunxian's grandfather, Huang Jisheng, inherited his ancestral business.
Huang Zunxian's father: Huang Hongzao and Yan Binyi, who work in Beijing's household administration department.
Huang Zunxian's mother: Wu, Ye's marriage introducer.
Huang Zunxian's wife Ye is Ye's cousin.
Huang Zunxian's son: Huang Jiwei.
Huang Zunxian's grandson: Huang.
Huang Zunxian's nephew: Huang Zhijun, and his grandfather was Huang Ji, a scholar in Qing Dynasty.
Huang Zunxian's cousin: Huang Zungeng, the son of Huang Luanzao.
5 personality assessment
Huang Zunxian spent most of his life in China's political arena. He can be said to be an outstanding diplomatic activist and a cadre who promoted reform and political reform. However, the greatest achievement of Huang Zunxian's life is the important position of his poetry in the history of modern poetry in China.
Huang Zunxian's poetic thought is consistent with his view of political reform. From the beginning, his thoughts represented the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie in China. If we want to open up a way out, pave the way for the development of new things and express new ideas and new contents, we must reform the old forms. Therefore, as an integral part of the political reform movement, the poetry reform movement was initiated by Liang Qichao, Xia Cengyou, Tan Sitong and others, but it was Huang Zunxian who initiated the "poetry revolution" in theory and creative practice.
Liang Qichao commented in "Poetry in the Drinking Room": "Poetry of importance (Huang Zunxian's word degree) is unique in the realm and stands on its own feet in the poetry circle of the twentieth century. Public opinion cannot be falsified."
Mr. Yiran, an expert on Huangxue in Hong Kong, once said in an exclusive interview: "Looking at the modern history of China, in terms of openness, if Lin Zexu was the first person to open his eyes to see the world, then Huang Zunxian was the first person to really go to the world! Over the years, Huang Zunxian's historical position has been understood by many people. Later generations often understand him from the field of literary or poetic revolution, ignoring his true colors as a patriot, thinker, reformer and politician. It was only in recent years that a comprehensive and profound understanding of Huang Zunxian's historical position began to appear.