Its meter is rigorous, which requires the unity of words in the poem. It consists of eight sentences, and each sentence has seven words. Every two sentences are a couplet * * * quadruple, which is divided into first couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet. The two couplets in the middle demand antithesis. Representative works include the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, Du Fu's Ascending, and Li Shangyin's Stabilizing Tower.
Requirements:
Seven-character metrical poetry refers to seven-character and eight-sentence poetry, which conforms to the norms of metrical poetry. Its meter is very strict, and there are strict rules in terms of words, rhymes, leveling and antithesis.
First, the length is fixed.
Eight sentences, seven words each, * * * 56 words. The first and second sentences are called "first couplet", the third and fourth sentences are called "parallel couplet", the fifth and sixth sentences are called "neck couplet" and the seventh and eighth sentences are called "tail couplet".
Second, the rhyme is rigorous.
The whole article has four or five rhymes, which generally rhymes with even sentences, that is, the last word of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhymes. The first sentence can be played or played, usually in a flat voice, with rhyme at the end and no rhyme in the middle.
It is also required to rhyme according to the words in the rhyme book. In principle, only the original rhyme can be used, not the adjacent rhyme; Even if it is a little looser, the neighboring rhyme can only use the rhyme of the first sentence, which is called "borrowing rhyme". According to whether the first sentence rhymes or not, the seven-character rhyme can be divided into two formats: the first sentence rhymes and the first sentence does not rhyme, and the first sentence rhymes in a positive case, which is different from the five-character rhyme.
Third, pay attention to leveling.
That is to say, it should conform to the law of flat and even tones, that is, in general, flat and even tones are arranged alternately with two syllables as a step. According to the level of the first two words in the first sentence, the seven-character rhyme is divided into two parts: flat and flat.
According to the law of leveling, there are four standard sentence patterns in seven-character rhyme:
1, flat and flat (flat and flat, the last word is flat, called flat feet);
2, flat and flat (flat and flat, the last word is flat and flat, called flat and flat feet);
3. Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat;
4. Flat (flat, the last word is flat, so it is called flat feet).
These four sentence patterns are the basis of the change of the flat and flat format of the regular poem, and constitute the four basic formats of the seven-character regular poem.
Fourth, demand confrontation. Parallel couplets and neck couplets must be opposite, and the first couplet and the last couplet can be right or wrong. Seven-character verse is based on the first couplet and the last couplet.
The new situation of poetry creation officially opened in the late Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, only the form of measurement standard was established, and the content was not sufficient, so the aesthetic function of poetry was far from being brought into play. After Du Fu's "transporting the ancient law", the realm began, the feelings began to deepen, the changes were surprising, and he respected the law. For the families of Wen Ting and Li Shangyin in the late Tang Dynasty, a comprehensive reform will be carried out to make poetry more pure.
In the late Tang Dynasty, metrical poetry was the most developed. From Yao He and Xu Hun to Si Kongtu and Han Wo, almost all famous poets are famous for their rhythmic poems, and some even practice them only. In particular, Li Shangyin, Du Mu, Wen and other seven-meter masters not only trimmed the form of metrical poems, but also reformed the rhythm of metrical poems, pushing the art of metrical poems to a new stage.
Extended data:
background
Rhyme is one of the basic forms of modern poetry (in the Tang Dynasty, rhyme was used as a general term for modern poetry, including modern quatrains, which were later divided). It sprouted from Shen Yue's new-style poems which paid attention to rhythm and antithesis, sprouted in the Qi Yongming period of the Southern Dynasties, took shape in the early years of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and matured in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
Seven-character metrical poem refers to a poem with seven words and eight sentences, which conforms to the norms of metrical poem and is called metrical poem for short. Metric poetry belongs to the category of modern poetry, which is named because of its rigorous meter.
The rise of seven-character poems is later than that of five-character poems. It originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, sprouted in the new style poems of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and was shaped between the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, Shen Quanqi, Song, Du, Li Qiao and others began to write articles. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei, Li Qi, Cen Can and Jia Zhi all made efforts to master the system, while Cui Hao and Li Bai still had mixed, semi-ancient and semi-French works.
Du Fu has comprehensively developed the field of legal poetry. Current affairs, politics, life embrace, customs and cultural relics are all put into strict indicators, and the value of this poetic style is mentioned to the height of ancient poetry and sonnets.
From the following Du Fu to the middle Tang Dynasty, the seven-character method failed to innovate. In the late Tang dynasty, the seven-character law opened up a new situation. Seven sages, Wen Tingyun, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, not only trimmed the form of poetry, but also changed the temperament of poetry and pushed the art of poetry to a new stage.
The lack of seven-character metrical poems in the Five Dynasties. The creation of the Seven Rhythms in Song Dynasty continued the innovative efforts of Du Fu and poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and gradually took shape in the hands of "Jiangxi Poetry School", and embarked on a new road of emphasizing reason and interest and taking discussion as poetry, with many excellent works. After the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the seven-character rhythmic poetry gradually declined. ?
Baidu Encyclopedia-Seven-character Rhyme
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