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Author Zhu,
abstract
Chen's poems are hymns of life and rebirth written with symbols of life beating. At the same time, they also form a true portrayal of the poet's life, which runs through the special concern of social culture and life attitude for poetry, and embodies the poet's "fresh thirst" and perception of life, times and life culture. This paper tries to analyze Chen's life course and poetry creation from the perspective of life poetics, and holds that the poet shows the consciousness of "longing" for existence and life in his poetry works, which contains the persistent and enthusiastic pursuit and grasp of life, life, self, universe, love and friendship.
Chen's life poetics, life consciousness, longing and pursuit
In the history of modern poetry in China, there is a school of poetry-"Nine Leaves Poetry School", which pushed China's new poetry to a new climax of the integration of Chinese and Western poetry, thus promoting the modernization process of new poetry and making gratifying explorations and contributions to the creation of new poetry. Nine-leaf Poetry School can be said to be an ancient and emerging school of poetry, because its fame was "fresh" in the 1980s and 1990s compared with the poet's conscious creation earlier, and because of the early death of some writers and the transfer of some writers' artistic creation centers, people did not do much research on the whole, and it was only mentioned slightly in many literary history. Critics believe that the "Nine Leaves Poet" organically combines the topic of the times, national worries and personal experiences, and strives to call for a kind of "power that grows in silence; In art, we should learn from some expressions of modern western poetry schools such as Eliot, Ye Zhi and Auden, and use the infiltration of symbol and association, fantasy and reality to reflect the fusion of intelligence and sensibility in poetry, so as to achieve the effect of overlapping life and poetry. Therefore, some people call "Nine Leaves Poet" China Modernism [1].
As "one of the important female poets who made great achievements in the process of modernization of new poetry by combining Chinese and western poetry" [2], Chen, a poet with nine leaves, not only consciously pursued the art of new poetry, but also wrote her own understanding of poetry with her heart and life, and wrote her own fantasia with poetry. "I am thirsty, and I am not looking for thirst; When I found the anxious thirst, I also saw Yingying overflow "(Thirst). In the conflict between life and society, Chen's poems show her new understanding of life and great expectations for new life and new life. Some researchers believe that Chen's poems are "records of real life experience, keen life feelings, the process of life struggle and spiritual transcendence" [3], which is more appropriate for poets and their works. This paper attempts to explore the eternal consciousness of life pursuit in Chen's poems from the perspective of life poetics, and make a modest attempt for the study of Jiuye Poetry School.
1. Poetics of Life and the Creation of Nine Leaves Poetry School
Based on a variety of viewpoints, it can be said that life poetics is a poetic theory based on life, which considers and expounds the essence, function and even technology of poetry from life. China's modern life poetics originated from the New Literature Movement in the 20th century, and was enriched and developed in the collision and exchange between Chinese and Western cultures in the 20th century.
During the May 4th Movement, Guo Moruo, Zong Baihua and Tian Han raised the banner of life poetics under the influence of western poetics, among which Guo Moruo believed that "life is the essence of literature and literature is the reflection of life. Without life, there would be no literature ".He opposed the social utility of poetry, attached importance to the creation of the poet's personality, and did not shy away from the existence of inspiration, the poet's physiological phenomenon; "Under the influence of Bergson's creative theory, Zong Baihua's poems are all life-oriented; Tian Han accepted the symbol of depression of Japanese writer Beichuan Masaaki Shirakawa and others, and accepted the view that literature and art are rooted in life. In 1930s and 1940s, Hu Feng, Feng Zhi and Tang Kun enriched and developed the connotation of life poetics from different directions. Among them, Hu Feng emphasized the unity of poetry and people, the relationship between poetry content and life function, Feng Zhi introduced existentialism into the construction of China's life poetics, and Tang Kun introduced the meaning of life into the discussion of poetry images. By the end of the 20th century, the unconsciousness and divinity of life were introduced into China's poetic system, and their integration provided a basic theoretical framework for the self-realization of China's modern poetics.
Obviously, China's life poetics goes far beyond the guiding principles of traditional poetics and is deeply influenced by western aesthetic thoughts represented by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Dilthey and Freud. In particular, Dilthey's interpretation of literary creation (poetry) in connection with life "experience" has a great influence on China's poetics. Dilthey believes that poetry is the medium to solve the mystery of human historical life, because poetry can reflect on life through experience. He also regards the description and analysis of imagination as the basis of his life poetics, highlighting the poetic life of imagination and the aesthetic value of experiencing life. Dilthey thinks that the main content of poetry experience is the poet's thinking about the meaning of life. It is based on the creativity of imagination and the new world created by it that poetry and art can have a great liberating effect on people, make people transcend reality, reflect on the meaning of life, and explain and clarify the great aesthetic value of life [5].
Among the nine-leaf poets, most of them have been influenced by the above thoughts of Chinese and foreign writers and artists. They found a "returning world" in their encounter with distant poets, that is, modern western poetics [6]. Nine-leaf Poetry School takes the "self" with subjective consciousness as the core, perceives the existence of the world outward, and the social reality has undergone great changes and the historical time and space have shifted. They refined and sublimated their feelings about real life into "poetry"
The artistic style of nine-leaf poet Chen's poems "combines the expressive tradition of China's classical poems with the writing methods of foreign modern poems", "inherits the emotional and lyrical characteristics of China's ancient poems, and draws lessons from the intellectual spirit of western modernist poems", "Experience is inseparable from thought, emotion and image, and rhythm and rhythm" [8]. In poetry creation, Chen not only pursues the eternal "thirst" experience of individual life, but also is full of perceptual and rational life perception and understanding of society, history, the universe and other things, not only seeking breakthroughs in many aspects, but also constantly pursuing perfection in poetry form. She understands the true meaning of life in constant pursuit, appreciates the sense of fullness in "thirst" and regulates fresh life consciousness in life poetics.
Second, the hardship of survival and the desire for loneliness.
Guo Moruo believes in Poetics of Life that poetry is not made, but written. He said in "Three Leaves": "As long as our poetry is the pure expression of the poetic realm in our hearts, the tension flowing from the source of life, the melody popping up on the heart piano, the trembling of life and the cry of spirit, it is true poetry and good poetry" [9]. Chen benefited from the inner meaning of life poetics. Most of her poems are natural expressions of life. As long as she shows her life, she is a poem. Man's life table is the existence of individuals in the real society, and the unique content in Chen's poems is the endless desire for survival and life, which is the concentrated expression of the poet's extraordinary life course. "I want everything: I want to go to all the beautiful countryside I have only read in books; I want to listen to all the lovely music I have never heard before; I want to taste all the kiwifruit that I have never tasted; ..... I want to taste all kinds of ups and downs, and I want to suck up all the honey and bitterness that life can give me "(moonlit night). It can be seen that thirst is the external feature of her life, the internal driving force of her life flow and the source of her life flooding.
Human beings have various needs, which are the motive force and source of artists' artistic creation in their respective fields. The starting point of poetry activity is always a life experience [10]. Artistic creation is inseparable from real social life, and the prototype of life can only become "artistic reality" after being shaped by writers. The poet's life experience not only provides real feelings and rich materials for poetry creation, but also creates an excellent situational atmosphere for the poet's artistic creation, and also "artistically reproduces" the poet's life course, emotion, mind and other aspects. Under the power of various primitive needs, the poet presents the experience of life needs in the field of works of art through creation. And demand will bring all kinds of hardships and tests, thus deepening the arduousness of life needs. On the basis of personal suffering, Chen's poems truly show the poet's life picture, and at the same time tap the poet's inner thoughts, reflecting the poet's life experience of anxiety about individual survival suffering.
From1965438+born on September 2, 2007 to1989+065438+/kloc-0+died on October 8, Chen experienced an extraordinary process in his life. Due to unfortunate family factors, Chen participated in adult life prematurely, which also made her accept the anguish brought by the hardships of life prematurely. In order to pursue a free life, she left her hometown and went thousands of miles north to survive and study. He experienced many unhappy marriages, engaged in different jobs, and finally lived and worked alone with his children until he retired due to illness in 1973. Because of this, Chen's poems are different from those of mediocre people from the beginning. Her poems are far less romantic and warm than those of ordinary girls, and more reflect the chewing and aftertaste of suffering. Suffering is unbearable, but it is precisely the catalyst for a poet's extraordinary life, and it is also an excellent external environment and source of materials for Chen's poetry content to bring life experience, which enriches the theme of poetry to a certain extent and enhances the meaning of "thirst" in Chen's poetry content. Just as the family and social environment created Rilke's conscious loneliness and contemplative temperament, Chen also encountered silence and loneliness in his poetic artistic creation.
Loneliness is either a way of life or a psychological experience. Loneliness is a value conflict that a person can't realize and affirm many people's life ideals, but he can't turn to his own living standard or give up his personality to pursue integration with popular customs, which leads to the imbalance of artists' emotional expression. Chewing loneliness is not voluntary for artists, but loneliness breeds artists' creative motivation. It is precisely because he can't communicate in real life that his creative impulse is even stronger. "Loneliness has created and promoted his originality", "Lonely atmosphere is the best atmosphere for artists to reflect on themselves" and "Only in loneliness can there be spiritual freedom". Loneliness provides artists with the best environment for self-observation and personality development. "[1 1] From the Book of Songs to contemporary poetry creation, loneliness can be said to be an extremely important eternal theme. Therefore, in the difficulty of individual survival, Chen realized the special feeling of loneliness, silence and even confusion in poetry. In order to survive, she "fought alone". She said, "I, a lonely bird. /My Sacrificial Candle/Trembling Alone (Remote Sacrifice). On the battlefield of life, she felt tired. She even felt that she needed to rest like "drooping wings and falling sails", "forever silent-/forever/resting in the dust of despair." (Rest in Peace) In the "silent night", the poet was as uneasy as "the lonely star/the condensation of despair" and suffered from loneliness in the "long night" of life and society.
But it is worth mentioning that the poet did not deliberately avoid and dislike this feeling of loneliness. As Zheng Min, another poetess of the Nine Leaves School, said, among all sentient beings, the poet is the most lonely, but "loneliness will make the poet suddenly face the naked world, and he was surprised to find that every ordinary thing is suddenly full of abnormal significance. Loneliness opens the eyes in the depths of the soul, and something that is usually invisible seems to radiate mysterious light and talk to the poet's life. "[12]. Obviously, Chen Ye was influenced by this view. She is fully aware of the lonely atmosphere in her life. In loneliness, poets can enjoy their own time, think about their own affairs quietly, and even chew and appreciate the pain caused by loneliness silently. In The Night Guest, the poet thinks that there is "a long road and loneliness" at the pillow, and the feeling of cold dreams and loneliness lingers in her expectation of the night guest. She looked at "the shadow on the wall rises in sigh/fantasy/the sea is like a mirror/in the clear waves/listening to her lonely footsteps" (yellow), and she only picked up a memory pillow in the silent night. But in Long Quiet Day, the poet's favorite is "Monochrome Sparse Life" (Broken Chapters), and "Monochrome" has become the main color of the poet's life. The poet doesn't resent the loneliness caused by a single color, but loves it, which reflects the poet's profound and unique understanding of the connotation of loneliness, which is unique to girls. The unique psychology of women is "reflected in poetry with a sense of complacency" [13]. It can be said that the poet didn't despair, and the pain was just an exercise in her life. For various reasons, the poet is immersed in lonely thoughts and full of special longing for life.
Corresponding to the diversity and complexity of the poet's living environment and "lonely desire", Chen's poetry style is sometimes high and sometimes low, and sometimes calm, which can be seen in her different creative years. Generally speaking, Chen was deeply influenced by the poetic art of Porter, Rilke and Dai Wangshu in the early stage of his life's poetic creation, and pursued love, happiness and poetic art. In the shadow of real life, her poetry style has the characteristics of modernism. In the second stage of poetry creation (1945), Chen became strong after being tempered by water and fire in life and social life. She abandoned her weakness and sadness, and while rationally understanding things, she was full of "fresh desire" for all new things and feelings. By the third stage of Chen's poetry creation, her poetry style is becoming more and more mature and stable just like herself. While she was "hungry" for all the fresh feelings, she also found the feeling of "life overflowing" and realized the sublimation of life and life experience.
Third, seriously think about the true meaning of life.
Life element is a very important image in Chen's poems, and self is the external form of life. In different creative years, poets try to grasp and understand the true meaning of life, the meaning of life and the new self through many philosophical poems and symbols with life characteristics.
1, expectation of free life
First of all, Chen had a multi-faceted and multi-angle "meditation" on life. Female writers in the new period often focus on the topic of life value and life consciousness from their own life experiences and experiences, showing their yearning for the enterprising life and life consciousness of modern civilization. As a famous modern poetess, Chen has also made unremitting efforts in poetry creation.
In the poet's difficult journey, her first consideration is the awakening of life consciousness. Thousands of years of civilization in China are basically men's history, especially in the feudal society of more than two thousand years. Women are only a symbol of gender and an accessory of men. Living in an unhappy family, she doesn't want to be a "great" woman like her mother. She wants to fight and find her own independent personality. For the sake of art and the life in self-consciousness, the poet experienced the hardships and twists and turns of life and the ups and downs of feelings. Although she had been confused and confused, she was always awake, full of passion and longing. She knows the hardships of life's journey. Only by "struggling" and "seeing far", only by "looking forward to the joy" and "enduring the hardships of the journey" can strength be "reduced to a strange road" (road). In To Innovator, the poet calmly analyzed the difficulties and obstacles such as "thunder and lightning", "panic and lament" in the years of life. "It's just a brief glimpse of nature", which eulogizes the conscious behavior and spirit of innovators in "exploration" and "calling for dawn". Only when he clearly realized that "there will always be thorns in the jungle, there will inevitably be thorns." However, after "scorching sun" and "washed by heavy rain", "a large area of land suddenly bordered/connected/sprinkled with fresh sunshine" (the forest is growing), which is the result of life awakening, hard struggle and unity struggle. Like the cicada in many creatures, "it stayed in the soil for a long time before it could fly and sing." /Every spring and summer, the sun makes the soil crisp,/It is nourished by rain and dew, and the young pupae grow into flying insects. " "Just like you, poet, you are passionate,/stubbornly picking pearls on the beach of life" (Cicada), which is the poet's view. Only in this way can poets not waste their youth and art, and artists can create a new life of art better. It is in this conscious artistic creation that the poet realizes a more meaningful life value.
On the road of pursuing life goals and artistic innovation, Chen asked himself not to be obsessed with himself, not to fall in love with illusory shadows, not to lose himself, but to keep seeking. Neither can it be shaped and preserved in sound like a beautiful teenager in ancient Greek mythology, nor can it fall in love with a beautiful teenager like a mythical goddess and eventually die. She believes that the road of life is made by human beings themselves. "Someone walked by, someone walked by,/and the road gathered all the footprints" (Road). She firmly believes in the truth. "People say that the square is not square and the circle is not round/I know that the truth is different from your face" (Give Two Chapters), "Because we are alive, we are attached to this world" (Night Thinking), so "I look forward to it in silence" and we should "catch up forever" (Expectation).
Secondly, the poet made unremitting exploration of the true meaning of life. After experiencing the "happiness" and "bitterness" of life journey, Chen's poetry creation shows modern women's grasp and thinking about free life and life.
In Chen's classic poem "Pearl and Pearl Seeker", the poet vividly expresses the suffering of new life in the process of gestation and the eager hope before it breaks out of its shell. Obviously, the whole poem reflects not the state of mind of a watchman, but the state of mind of a longing person. Zhu, a new life contained in the body of the old life, is waiting for the arrival of the Pearl Seeker who explores and knows the truth. What she is waiting for and longing for is the "passing away" of the old life and the sublimation of the new life, which embodies the poet's profound understanding of the inner meaning of life. "Pearl" itself is not a kind of "natural beauty". It may be a kind of sediment accidentally entering the mussel shell, or it may be a "deterioration" of something inside the mussel shell. In short, it forms such a "pearl" shape in the mussel shell. Before it became a real pearl, it had endured "many sunny days, many moonlit nights/and occasional storms", and it experienced countless ups and downs of life, just as the poet experienced the hardships of life and the blood shed of the motherland. The desire and pursuit of "Pearl" for "Pearl Seeker" is the pursuit of fresh life and the rebirth of the motherland. How coherent and interrelated these images are.
A pearl that hasn't hatched will never let people see its brilliance and value. Only through the "pain" of breaking the shell can the qualitative change of pearls be truly completed. After the tempering of life, the pearl waits silently. It accepted all the "nutrition" given to it by the outside world and transformed it into its own pearl texture. It's looking for opportunities. "It's not inappropriate." "It knows from which direction/with what sincerity and longing/it is coming", which is the most unbearable pain before the old life is transformed into a new life-like the pain before the mother gives birth, but it is like the dawn that breaks through the night sky, the arrival of dawn, the arrival of new life and the arrival of a new era, which is irresistible by any force. At the most critical moment, "Pearl" changed her life solemnly/. After experiencing "hard burial", long-term "reception", painful "pain" and "thirst", a new life was born, and the old life was transformed into a new life. The poet deeply realized that life is not mainly the pain and troubles brought by "hard pursuit", "it knows that the highest happiness is/is given", but shines like a "pearl", giving humanity light and glory! This is a concentrated and profound embodiment of Chen Yisheng's hard and happy course. She forged and created with painstaking efforts, leaving a rich spiritual and cultural heritage for future generations.
2. Ask yourself questions about love and friendship.
Love is an artist's greatest wealth and one of their greatest characteristics. The sweetness and trouble of love are indispensable in the course of individual life. For women, love is an important aspect of their life and a strong support point of their life. "Female writers' portrayal of love reflects the spiritual life of modern women; Their spiritual expectation confirms their spiritual enrichment and life enrichment "[14]. But for nine-leaf poets, love is not only a beautiful feeling, but also a lonely and false element, so it is also critical. In Mu Dan's masterpiece Eight Poems, there is a poet's reflection on the present situation and essence of love: "We are walking on a slow river,/but who can put others,/his friends, even lovers,/people who have vowed to each other/in his body, ... and feel his inner feelings/fears, pains, desires and happiness?" (Lonely)
The longing and grasping of love is an important aspect of Chen's poetry. She said: "I love everything, and I am surprised by everything. ..... Every trick reaches my bottom, and every fruit arouses my appetite "("Lonely Words "). Love everything, you will truly understand everything, you will have real feelings, and you will have artistic inspiration for poetry. In Chen's poems, love is really desirable. In order to pursue art and love, she went from a small county in the southwest to a metropolis in the north and then to the northwest. In the process of many love experiences, Chen experienced another kind of pain in life-moving forward in confusion. Isadora? Duncan once lamented: "I only have two opportunities in my life-love and art-and love often destroys art: the urgent requirement of art often brings tragic ending to love." The two cannot be coordinated and always struggle. " Because of this, Chen took the romance of a girl and experienced unforgettable emotional experiences again and again. She also has the desire and confidence to let love give her strength. "There may be/thrilling waves on your sea", but the poet still hopes to "let my sail/sink in your sea" ("sail"), and even has a "yearning" for wonderful love and feelings: "We went to the locust tree from the rain,//We held hands and leaned on our hearts,/. Although he has experienced emotional twists and turns, the poet is also confused and even sad about love. " My heart lingers at night,/the night is with me,/I am accompanied by unknown sadness (Night Song), and the beautiful years have passed, and the poet can only sigh, "Alas, dear, it has passed! "(Lost Shadow) She is even disheartened." Close those windows, those windows,/Don't watch the dusk "(rest in peace). She asked her "knight" why "draw some red lies with my bright red heart" (knight's love). However, in the time of sadness and despair, the poet still yearns for and waits for the arrival of a new love. "If you come,/on a lukewarm night,/knocking on my lonely door and window", then "I will quietly stand up from my meditation seat,/find out from the pages/insert a withered flower in your skirt" ("If you come"). Obviously, even if the poet is hurt by love, she still thinks that love is one of the most beautiful feelings of human beings, so she is still full of yearning for beautiful things such as love. Instead of dwelling on the past, she misses the "unknown future" more, and she is looking for "Fresh keeping".
Friendship is an indispensable factor in life, and poets explore the beautiful tree of friendship life from different smells of friendship. In the poet's eyes, friendship is a special feeling that makes people want to hug. "Some are kind and warm,/like raindrops in spring,/with pleasant melancholy" and "some are nostalgic/sentimental after a long separation". In the lonely journey of life, because of the existence of friendship, everything will become beautiful. "On the grassland of pluralistic friendship/I also have the sun and starlight" (friendship and distance). In "Sending Friends to the Fog City", the poet and friends discussed life enthusiastically: "Alas, friends in the Fog City,/looking at the dense fog and rivers every day,/hard souls, can they still have troubles to grow?" They discussed the relationship between time and life together. Under the support of friendship, I look forward to "sunny day" and "cherish my precious old age" (answer friends). Chen believes that human society is a group composed of special individuals, and the relationship between individuals affects the development of the group. "All rivers and streams are running towards you" (water and sea). Friendship gives people strength at the most critical time. "A friend in need is a true friend." Although "people come and go,/cling to their own destiny" at ordinary times, "but on the stormy waves,/ships wave affectionately" (ships and us), it is obvious that the poet associates friendship with the team spirit of human beings.
3. Pay close attention to life and death
Individual life's perception of time begins with life and ends with death. The revelation of the contradiction between life and death, love and hate, bitterness and joy by Jiuye poets not only reflects the poet's desire for life perfection and self-realization, but also increases his heavy sense of life and self. [16] In the view of pessimists, "life is an ocean full of stormy waves. Although people can try their best to brave the reefs and shoals, all they want is to get closer to the end of the boat that destroyed him and drowned him at the bottom of the sea. What he wants is death "[17]. Chen also has a very clear understanding of death, especially when she fell ill in her later years. But she still stubbornly insists on the value of life independence. To this end, she firmly grasped the gift of time and pursued her integrity, full resilience and true and perfect life realm in a fragmented world: "Put aside all the cover,/look for the final' truth',/the most beautiful is formed in defects,/and go through all kinds of disasters to live forever." (Meditation) She stubbornly thought, "What can death take away? /I will continue to sing even in the grave "(looking forward to tomorrow). She thinks that death is just another existence of life. "Yesterday's funeral/gone,/young sunrise/rising in the heavy black sea" ("Dedication"), the phenomenon of life and death naturally realized the contradictory transformation. Moreover, the short individual life will be integrated into the eternal river of human life forever. "Now I'm lying quietly,/looking at the stars that have shone for thousands of years,/I'm going to put my dream in running water to make it clear,/infiltrating the songs of new human beings after thousands of years" (Outlook), and she fully realized the meaning of "a drop of water" to the "sea", and the water of life will always be integrated into the sea of human life. "A drop of water smells like the sea/.../and eventually disappears into invisible water" ("a drop of water"), so even in the face of death, she will "go to that cemetery with sacred joy/forever" ("belonging"), which is a sacred "longing" for the connotation of life death and rebirth.
Fourth, the pursuit and exploration of the new self
Self-awareness refers to people's understanding of their physical and mental state and their relationship with the objective world, that is, self. From the psychological point of view, self-awareness refers to the individual's understanding of his own psychological characteristics and all the psychological activities that are taking place, as well as the interconnection with external things. Including the understanding of oneself and one's state, the understanding of one's physical activity state and psychological activities such as thinking, emotion and will. Among all living things, only people can clearly distinguish "I" and "non-I" in consciousness, understand the gap between the real self and the ideal self and the contradictions arising from it, thus forming different types of self-evaluation. Too high or too low self-evaluation often leads to excessive conceit or inferiority of individual self-awareness, so self-awareness plays a very important role in individual development, affecting people's moral judgment and the formation of personality, especially the formation of personality tendency.
The artist's knowledge and understanding of himself is often hidden in his works of art, which contains his grasp and expectation of a "perfect self" and even implies the subconscious guidance of an artist's concept. However, for various reasons, artists are sometimes not very clear about their self-awareness, and they are eager to pursue their self-awareness through artistic creation in order to define their self-orientation. Chen often pursues his complete personality harshly. She often thinks about what she is. What is the relationship between self and the world? In the dark war years, Chen sometimes even felt lost.
In the process of self-pursuit and exploration, the poet's first problem is his own uncertainty. The expression of self in real life is not fixed, just as the poet's personality and temper will change, the poet's grasp of self will also show different "role orientation" for various reasons: because of the confusion of life, the poet feels that "self" is a "floating object", just like "the afterglow of sunset, lonely light,/like a fire,/like a raging tide; ...//Life is like a casual rainbow belt ",and all kinds of feelings merge into an erratic image of a drifter, which is an active self." Then the poet is the thinker.