Poems such as Sweeping Chen Hu and Guo Jingnan appeared in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, like Lu Zhen's Cutting the Spine. After the change of Jingkang, the patriotic works of Song people increased, and some of them were selected in the front. However, Chen, Wang Zao, Yang Wanli and others are obviously different from Lu You in this respect. They just expressed their worries or hopes about national affairs, but did not devote themselves to disasters, leaving their lives and strength at the disposal of the state. I only sighed helplessly or asked for help, but I didn't say I wanted to do it myself, I didn't say I wanted to join the army, I didn't say I wanted to mount a horse to attack thieves, I didn't say I could be generous and selfless or dare to love my body, and I didn't say I was willing to raise a horse to fight. "Hand owls rebel against thieves and clear up old Beijing." This is the characteristic of land travel. He not only wrote about patriotism and worries about the country, but also declared his courage and determination to save the country and protect his family. For example, in Liu Ziyi's poem, he said, "Zhongxing soldiers are unparalleled ... Hu Erhu does not peep at the river!" "Bow your head, pull out Hu Jian, but shoot at Hu Jun ... The man takes the title and greedily goes to the enemy", which is dignified, but it is about others, those "soldiers" and "men"-just like Li Bai, Wang Wei and other "Joining the Army" are about others, although Liu Ziyi's sense of reality is more real, holding his poems. Let's look at an example of Lu You: "Duck, green mulberry has withered, and the fire has crossed Qilian;" I don't care about fame, but I hate that no one is quick to whip! " Although he put himself aside, his tone is very subtle and gentle, but he is obviously ready to have his share in this heroic cause. This is the artistic conception of "no clothes" in The Book of Songs and Qin Feng, the artistic conception of Li Mu's Zhao in Zhou Wenqing was shot dead by an arrow, and the artistic conception of Yue Fei connected with Lu You's generation in Man Jiang Hong. In the poems of Guo in the Northern Song Dynasty and Han Ju at the turn of the North-South Song Dynasty, the spirit and artistic conception of "cultivating my spear and sharing resentment with my son" and "who knows I am also a man who committed suicide" are occasionally revealed, but no one has ever played it as well as Lu You. This is also the realm that Du Fu lacks, so it is not very accurate to say that Lu You is "the same as Chongjuan" and has not yet known him. Patriotism permeates Lu You's life and runs through all his works. He saw a picture of a horse and met some flowers. Hearing a wild goose singing, drinking a few glasses of wine and writing a few lines of cursive script will arouse the feelings of patriotism and national humiliation, and the blood will boil, and this craze will rush out of the boundary of his sober life during the day and flood into his dreams. This is also absent in people's poems.
There is one more thing to supplement the past criticism about the art of Lu You. Liu Kezhuang, who highly valued him, said that he was knowledgeable, good at using classicism, and organized his works into duality. He even said that "the good duality of the ancients has been exhausted", and many critics later agreed. This is certainly true, but it ignores his simple and empty works, and more importantly, obliterates his views on this issue. We found that he often found it inappropriate to write poems by finding chapters and sentences, although she couldn't change that habit herself. He said: "group embroidery shows women workers one after another, and poets want to be poor here;" He added: "I am a beginner in poetry, but I want to draw;" Middle-aged people begin to realize less, and gradually they will see greatness. ..... If you want to learn poetry, your time is outside of poetry "; In response to the argument that "Du Fu's poems have no words and no place to come from", he said: "Today, people interpret Du Fu's poems only to find their source ... For example, is there a word in the poems of Kunxi Enjoyment Collection that has no source? ..... and today's poetry is never without mountains ... but it is better to be a bad poem! " In other words, the word "source" does not mean that poetry has a way out. What Liu Kezhuang appreciates is exactly what Lu You thinks is the poet's dead end-"group embroidery", "algae painting" and "source". What is the poet's life and "time" outside of poetry? Lu You made several replies. The most noteworthy and always neglected is the following proposition. He said: "since ancient times, the law has been unique, and idiots want to carve emptiness!" "I can know the beauty of your poems in the mountains and rivers." He also said: "The general industry will work harder on the road ... I hope the ship will not stop between pommel horses, and there will be more work to be done in the future." In other words, to do a good job in poetry, we must get in touch with the outside world. Needless to say, we should step out of the lines of books and jump out of the hole where mullet eats holes. "Painting the void" and "touching the void" were originally metaphors in Buddhist scriptures, and "Dharma does not leave the country" and "Mind does not leave the country, only leaves the country" are also slogans of Zen Buddhism. Lu You said: Poets should not build cars behind closed doors. Only through travel and experience, through life experience, can he meet the reality-"realm" one by one and get a vivid poetic thought-"law" Like his own unique and heroic patriotic poems, he began to write them only after he went to the northwest to participate in military aircraft. The first song selected below is "A Journey to the South". As for him, he imitated the poets of the late Tang Dynasty and denounced them. He attaches great importance to "group embroidery" and "algae painting", and attaches great importance to unpretentious plum. All these show that he put forward stricter requirements and higher ideals for his works.