(1) Affirmation and negation appear at the same time (there are "good and bad", "high and low", "whether", "how much", "whether" and so on), and there may be two-faced mistakes. For example:
1, item b of Fujian college entrance examination in 2004: the language of literary works is good or bad, not because it uses a lot of gorgeous words and terms of a certain industry, but because it uses places. (Add "whether" before "used")
2. 1996 item b of the national college entrance examination: whether we can cultivate new people with four talents is a major event related to the future and destiny of our party and country, and it is also the fundamental task of the education front. "Ability" includes two aspects, that is, "training new people with four qualities is the fundamental task of the education front", but "failing to train new people with four qualities is the fundamental task of the education front" is meaningless.
3. Is it possible to ignore the popularity of scientific and technological personnel by emphasizing them so much? Do you want them to learn Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and transform their world outlook? Our answer is yes. Yes, "Can we ignore their popularity?" The affirmative answer is "they can be ignored", which is obviously wrong. )
4. To do a good job in production and disaster relief, the key is to see whether the style of cadres is in-depth. You should add "whether" at the beginning of the sentence to match the "whether" at the end. )
(2) When multiple negative words appear at the same time, there may be many mistakes of improper negation. For example:
1, 1998 National College Entrance Examination Item B: Of course, the spirit of Lei Feng must be given new connotations, but who can deny that it is unnecessary to learn the spirit of Lei Feng now? ("No, don't need" in the sentence is a double negative, which means no, but because the sentence uses a rhetorical question and adds a double negative, the meaning of the sentence is just the opposite of what it wants to express. )
2. In fact, as long as some viewers adapt to the presentation of subtitles, there is no need for dubbing without unnecessary capital consumption. (Just remove the word "no" from "not because")
(3) There are joint phrases in the sentence, and there may be logical errors or improper word order in the joint phrases.
1, improper juxtaposition, such as:
(1) item b of the national college entrance examination in 2002: "Our newspapers, televisions and all publications have a greater responsibility to set an example, put an end to the phenomenon of nonstandard use of words, and enhance the normative awareness of the use of language and characters." (The "newspapers" here also belong to publications, so it is inappropriate and illogical to juxtapose the concepts of species relationship. )
(2) 2000 Spring College Entrance Examination Question: As soon as people enter the teaching building, they will see that "pictures about Macao history" and "posters" are juxtaposed, and their meanings are unclear. )
(3) I like literature since I was a child and have read many literary works, novels and poems. (The two components of "literary works" and "novels and poems" here are species relations, and juxtaposition is inappropriate and illogical. )
Among the delegates attending the congress were cadres and young people, as well as many lesbians. The three concepts of "cadre", "youth" and "lesbian" in this sentence are all overlapping, and the concepts of overlapping relationship cannot be used side by side. )
(5) Computer-aided design has been widely used in architecture, decoration and design departments in all walks of life. It is inappropriate to juxtapose the three concepts of "construction industry", "decoration industry" and "all walks of life"
2. Improper word order, for example, after the central idea of the article is determined, the materials should be carefully organized and selected according to the needs of the central idea. (The coordinate phrase "organization and selection" here is wrong in word order and should be changed to "selection and organization". )
(4) As a component, there may be a problem that the words that match it cannot be completely matched. For example:
1, Question A of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination in 2004: Focusing on the goal of "increasing farmers' income", credit cooperatives vigorously support the development of rural economy with characteristics and give priority to loans to farmers with characteristics, quality and technology. (The word "high quality" in the coordinate phrase and the word "farmer" behind it.
Improper collocation)
2, 2004 college entrance examination Chinese questions (Chongqing volume) Sentence B: Now, I see the villagers who have been away for many years, and then the unique stone thatched house in the mountainous area where I lived since I was a child, that rugged street, that familiar and lovely accent.
The word "see" in the sentence does not match the word "familiar and lovely local accent" in the coordinate phrase "hut made of stone and thatch, rugged street, and the familiar and lovely local accent I have lived in since I was a child".
3.200 1 item d of the national college entrance examination: in recent years, China has accelerated the development of higher education, and colleges and universities will further expand enrollment and focus on building a number of high-level universities and disciplines. The word used together with the joint phrase "speed and scale" in the sentence is "acceleration", which is ok, but "accelerated scale" is not appropriate.
4. 1999 item a of the national college entrance examination: during the spring festival this year, 2 10 fire engines and more than 3,000 fire officers and soldiers in this city gave up their vacations and always stuck to their posts. (The word matching the joint phrase "2 10 fire engines and more than 3,000 fire officers and soldiers" in the sentence is "giving up vacation".)
5. 1996 item d of the national college entrance examination: the relevant departments promptly criticized, educated and dealt with a few incidents of disrespecting the work of sanitation workers, making troubles without reason, and even beating and insulting sanitation workers. (The word used with the conjunction "critical education and serious handling" in the sentence is "event". It is ok to deal with the event seriously, but it is not appropriate to use the word "critical education" for the event. )
6. Express heartfelt thanks and cordial condolences to the academicians of the two academies for their great contributions to the modernization of the motherland over the years. (In the sentence, the words that match the joint phrase "heartfelt thanks and cordial condolences" are "great contribution to …", "heartfelt thanks …" is ok, but "cordial condolences …" is not appropriate. )
(5) The preposition "Yes, Yes, About" in the sentence may be misused. For example:
1, 2004 Zhejiang College Entrance Examination Sentence B: With the development of communication, mobile phones have almost become an indispensable necessity for everyone, but with the increase of usage, there are more and more complaints about the quality of mobile phones. (The word "about" should be changed to "about")
2. On March 7th, 2007, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee for bribery scandal. The next day, the world's major newspapers reported this event that shocked the international sports world in detail. The word "about" in the sentence should be changed to "about". )
3. The name Lu Youqing, the author of Death Diary, is not strange to us. (We are no strangers to the name Lu Youqing, not the name Lu Youqing. This sentence violates the inversion of subject and object. )
(6) The preposition at the beginning of a sentence may cause the subject to be incomplete. For example:
1, 2000 spring college entrance examination topic: A glimpse of China ancient literature has been widely circulated for nearly 300 years since it came out, and it is still a valuable anthology. )
2. This phenomenon deserves the attention of literary and art workers. ("Dui" is located at the beginning of the sentence, resulting in an incomplete subject, so "Dui" should be removed. )
(7) Sentences with "Cheng", "Cheng" and "Yes" as predicates may have the problem of mismatch between subject and object. For example:
1. The "bull" that has always been praised by people has now become a "fool" in the eyes of some "smart people". The main component of the sentence is "the cow's spirit has become ... stupid". Spirit can't be a fool, only people with cow spirit become "fools" in the eyes of some "smart people".
2. Sentence B of the 2005 Beijing Spring College Entrance Examination Paper: Being the Queen of Jin, managing politics, developing production, training the army and becoming a big country in the north. ("Jin Wengong" cannot "become a northern power")
(8) Verbs with negative meanings in sentences may have the problem of abusing negative words, which leads to the opposite intention. For example:
1, 1993 National College Entrance Examination Question: In order to prevent such traffic accidents from happening again ... ("prevention" is a negative verb, and the word "no" in "never happen again" should be removed. )
2, 1994 national college entrance examination questions: three bogeys for sleep: one bogey can't get angry before going to bed, the other bogey can't eat enough before going to bed, and the third bogey can't lie in the wind. "Avoid" is a negative verb, and the word "no" in the last three clauses should be removed. )
When the switch is turned off, the current can't come in. "Stop" is a negative verb, and the word "no" in "Don't come in again" should be removed. )
(9) Sentences containing related words may lead to improper use of related words.
1, the related word is in the wrong position. The subjects of the two clauses in a complex sentence are the same, and the related words in the first clause should be placed after the subject; On the contrary, it should be placed before the subject. For example, the position of related words in the following sentences is wrong.
(1) Item C: Due to the low technical level, these products are either lower in quality than similar products in coastal areas or higher in cost. In this compound sentence, the subjects of the two clauses are different, and the related word "no" in the first clause should be placed before the subject "product quality". )
(2) Although Xiao Wang only said this sentence, he profoundly summarized the style of contemporary middle school students. In this turning complex sentence, the subjects of the two clauses are the same, and the related word "although" of the first clause should be placed after the subject "Xiao Wang". )
(3) If there is something wrong with the ideas in a work, even if the writing is good, it is unacceptable. ("Even if it is well written, it is unacceptable" is a compound sentence with a hypothetical relationship. The subjects of these two clauses are different, and the related word "even if" of the former clause should be placed before the subject "written"
If he cannot be realistic, his career will be affected. The subjects of the two clauses of this hypothetical complex sentence are different, and the related word "if" should be placed at the beginning of the sentence. )
2. Abuse of related words. I'll take an umbrella, because it's raining.
3. Misuse of related words. Despite the poor conditions, we finally solved the problem. (Replace "even" with "notwithstanding")
4. If there are progressive related words, the contents of the clauses before and after may be reversed. His academic performance is not only the best in the whole school, but also among the best in his class.