Read "The Past of Bianhe River" by Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and talk about how to evaluate Yang Di.

Appreciation of the Poem Looking Back on the Bian River Pi Rixiu died in the Sui Dynasty and has lived in Tongbai Mountain for thousands of miles. If there were no water temple dragon boat, wouldn't there be more theories about * * *? Bianhe, also known as Tongji Canal. When Yang Di was in the Sui Dynasty, people in Huaibei, Henan Province dug a grand canal called Tongji Canal. Luoer entered the Yellow River from Xiyuan, Luoyang, and then entered Bianshui through the Yellow River, and then followed the ancient canal opened by Fu Cha, the king of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period to lead Bianshui into Sishui and reach Huaishui. Therefore, the trunk of the canal is in the Bianshui section, which is also called Bianhe. Yang Di's motive for opening the Grand Canal is nothing more than satisfying his own pleasure and consuming a lot of people's fat and paste, which became his most famous atrocity. There are many works of singing this historical theme in Tang poetry, most of which allege that Sui died in the Grand Canal. The first sentence of this poem is based on this argument, while the second sentence is difficult to refute. The poem says: Many people who investigate the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty blame the canal and regard it as a great curse. However, the excavation of the Grand Canal has significantly improved the north-south traffic, which is of great benefit to economic ties and political unity and has a far-reaching historical role. Use the word "so far" to express how long it has benefited future generations; Say "a thousand miles" and see the wide area that benefits from it; The word "lai" shows that the national economy and people's livelihood are indispensable and even more admirable. This sentence emphasizes the century-old benefits of the Grand Canal, which is refreshing. This is the "reverse order method" commonly used by Tang people to praise history and cherish ancient poems. The law of cassation can make the argument novel and unexpected, but it is not easy to make the argument reasonable. The Grand Canal is beneficial to future generations, but the atrocities of Emperor Yang Di are still atrocities. Pi Rixiu looked at it from two different angles. When the canal was completed, Yang Di led 200,000 people to travel, riding a four-story "dragon boat", and nine three-story "water temples", called floating scenery, in addition to many miscellaneous boats. The ship has a title of more than 300 miles, and nearly 10,000 people hold the big ship, all dressed in colorful clothes, and the land and water are shining. The so-called "the spring breeze cuts the palace brocade all over the country, which is half an obstacle and half a sail" (Li Shangyin's Sui Palace), and its extravagance and waste are really unheard of in history. The third sentence "Water Temple Dragon Boat" refers to this. The author's hatred for Emperor Yang Di is very obvious. However, he didn't say it directly. The fourth sentence suddenly quoted Dayu's achievements in water control, and even emphasized it with rhetorical questions: Didn't Emperor Yang Di talk more about water control than Dayu? This is simply absurd, but because the poet's comments, as far as water conservancy projects benefit future generations, are based on the premise of "Dragon Boat Temple without water", it is indeed comparable. But the assumption that "if there is no so-called cloud" does not exist in fact. After all, Emperor Yang-ti, who exhausted the luxury of "Dragon Boat in the Water Temple", is not as good as Dayu, who devoted himself to water control and "failed to enter every house", and will be immortal. Therefore, although the author used the method of reversing the case, in fact, he only cleared the false "charges" for the Grand Canal, but the charges of Emperor Yang were more conclusive. This juxtaposition of the tyrannical and heartless bad king in history and the legendary venerable saint is a way to seize the past. Besides, Yu Yang-ti didn't make much contribution. "It seems to be the biggest compliment, but if there is a restriction that the Dragon Boat Hall is waterless, it will be completely taken away." "* * * Yu Lun Gong" was lifted, "Shao Duo" was lifted again, and the weight was heavily put back on the "Shuidian Dragon Boat Incident", so the criticism of Yang-ti was more solemn and the reprimand was stronger. The use of this technique is better than the general positive expression. The era in which the author lived, political corruption, has embarked on the old road of the demise of the Sui Dynasty. Most people think that the lesson of history is dull, but it is meaningful for the author to review this lesson intentionally. This poem is mainly about discussion, which is slightly inferior to Li Shangyin's Sui Palace in terms of image thinking and rhyme. However, it has its own uniqueness in terms of novel conception, incisive exposition and clever use of "reversing the case", and it is still a good product in the late Tang Dynasty.