He Zhu (1052～1125) was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
He Zhu is good at poetry, lyrics and writing. But judging from his actual achievements, his poetry is higher than his writing, and his poetry is higher than his poetry. His poems are both strong and soft, with various styles, so Zhang Lei praised them as "splendid like Wandering Gold and Zhang Zhitang, and charming like Lan Qiang and Shi Zhi; quiet and clean like Qu and Song Dynasties, and tragic and solemn like Su and Li" ("Dongshan Ci Preface") ). Among them, the most profound, graceful, beautiful and dense works are the most common. He Zhu once said: "My writing is driven by Li Shangyin and Wen Tingyun, and I am always busy running for my life." (Jiankang Collection, Volume 8, "He Zhu Biography") This mainly refers to his ability to integrate poems from the middle and late Tang Dynasty into lyrics. His skill in melting previous poems is comparable to that of Zhou Bangyan. Many of his words describing love are in the style of Chengwen, Li and others, and are written in a tactful and affectionate way. For example, in the famous work "The Green Jade Case": "Lingbo is no more than Hengtang Road, but he sees the fragrance go away. Who can spend the golden years? The moon bridge garden, the narrow windows and red doors, only spring knows the place. The flying clouds come slowly into the dusk, A new sentence about heartbreak written in color pen. How much leisure time do you have? A river of tobacco, a city full of wind, plums in yellow and rain. "The words are beautiful and expressive in the scene, describing the "heartbreak" of one's love. Especially at the end, three ingenious metaphors are used in succession: tobacco, wind and rain, and the image is novel and vivid. At that time, it was said that "the language is exquisite and the meaning is new, and the intention is good" (Volume 2 of Biji Manzhi), "Xingzhong If there is a ratio, the meaning is longer" (Volume 7 of "Helin Jade Dew"), and it is so popular that it is also known as "He Meizi" ("Zhupo Poetry Talk"). His poems such as "Tasha Xing", "Shizhou Man", "Sheng Cha Zi", etc. are all elegant and graceful poems with beautiful words and deep feelings, which shows that the author is a powerful force in the traditional poets of the Northern Song Dynasty.
He Zhu has a few words that go beyond the confines of romantic thoughts and express his personal life experience and certain social realities. His character was almost that of a chivalrous man, and he was known among the scholar-bureaucrats for his virility and firmness. Due to the breakthrough in subject matter and content, the style of this type of poetry is also very different from the soft and gentle tone from "Flower Room" to the late Northern Song Dynasty. It appears bold, vigorous, generous and tragic. The most representative one is the song [Liuzhou Songtou] that expresses his political sentiments: "If you don't ask for a long tassel, you will take a gifted seed, and your sword will roar in the west wind." In addition, the "Shui Tiao Song Tou", which refers to the ancient times, the "Telling the Heart", and "Nian Liang You", which express one's feelings directly, can all show the sadness of those with lofty ideals who pride themselves on their achievements but never achieve anything. These works were obviously influenced by Su Shi, and were implicitly inherited from the bold and unrestrained artists of the early Southern Song Dynasty. Furthermore, although some of his poems write about traditional themes, they have breakthroughs in ideological content. For example, the five poems of "Tao Lian Zi" describe the lovesickness of a married woman. Although this is a subject that the Tang Dynasty was very familiar with, he was able to find a new way to explore the inner world of the missing woman, such as "Under the slanting moon, in front of the north wind, Thousands of pestles and thousands of anvils are pounding the clothes to wear them. If I don’t work hard to pound the clothes, I won’t sleep. This night is like a year.” The missing woman could not sleep because she missed her husband who had not returned for a long time, so she had to spend the long night pounding clothes. She became more and more sad and pitiful. These words reflect the suffering of military service at that time from one aspect, and therefore have certain social significance. He Zhu's poems have expanded his ideological realm, have diverse styles, and are rich in the beauty of language and music. He is worthy of being regarded as a master of the Northern Song Dynasty.
He Zhu’s poems are hidden by their names, but they actually have considerable achievements. He started learning poetry at the age of 7, and by the third year of the Yuan Dynasty, he had written more than 5,000 or 6,000 poems in thirty years. After continuous deletions, only 9 volumes remained when he compiled the "Collection of Poems for the Remaining Elders of Qinghu". It can be seen that the diligence and quantity of his writing are far greater than his words. He once said that he learned poetry from his predecessors and got eight sentences: "The plainness does not become vulgar; the ancient does not appear to be eccentric; the poems are not embarrassed by the objects; the narratives are not affected by the rhythm; those who are more interested in comparison understand physics and use things. The workman is like his own work; the pattern is seen in the finished article, which is completely unengraved; the spirit comes from the words, and it is awe-inspiring and unyielding." (Volume 37 of the first volume of "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua") His poetry creation follows this principle. in principle. Because he was a bold and capable person, his poems were also "high-pitched and open-minded, graceful and spirited" (Cao Tingdong's "Song Poetry Collection"), "workmanship is neat and tidy, and sometimes there is elegance" ("Sikuquanshu General Catalog") "), the style is often close to that of Su Shi, but the subject matter is not very broad. His works mainly focus on personal life experiences, mostly about travel and sightseeing, and rarely touch on social conflicts. Poems such as "Visiting the Rain Flower Terrace in Jinling" and "Viewing at the West Tower of Hailing" are unrestrained and outstanding, with a sad and vigorous style, while "Mooring at Night in Qinhuai" and "Poems on Willow Branches" are fresh, elegant and modern in style. Yu Xiaoci.