1. Interpretation of textbooks
1. Brief introduction to the text.
This article is a popular prose written by the famous modern writer Zhu Ziqing. The article closely follows the word "hurry", delicately depicts the passage of time, and expresses the author's helplessness and regret about the passage of time.
This article focuses on the narrative of "hurry". First, it writes about the characteristics of days that are gone forever; then, it writes about the hurriedness and fleetingness of more than 8,000 days. The author's thoughts are endless, and the scenery is When it comes to people, they sigh endlessly. Finally, the author expresses his inner sigh. The characteristics of the article: first, the structure is exquisite, the layers are clear, the inheritance is natural, and the beginning and the end echo; second, the writing is elegant and timeless, simple and concise; third, the scene is blended, whether it is about swallows, willows, peach blossoms, or the sun, it is all related to "we Why are those days gone and never come back?" The exclamation is integrated into one, and the author's helplessness and regret for the passage of time are everywhere revealed.
This course is the first time to study Zhu Ziqing’s articles. The purpose is to guide students to initially experience the beautiful language of his works and understand the author’s thoughts and feelings. At the same time, it also guides students to understand the characteristics of the expression of the articles and accumulate beautiful language.
2． Word analysis.
(1) Understanding of sentences.
①The swallows have gone, but they will come again; the willows have withered, but they will become green again; the peach blossoms have withered, but they will bloom again. But tell me, wise one, why are our days gone forever?
Using parallelism to describe the time when swallows come again, when willows become green again, and when peach blossoms bloom again. In the depicted spring scene, it shows that the prosperity and decline of nature are caused by the passing of time. trace. "Why are our days gone forever?" It seems to be asking, but in fact it expresses the author's helplessness about the passing of time and his deep nostalgia for the past days.
② Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle dripping into the ocean, my days drip into the flow of time, without sound or shadow.
The author uses extremely novel and ingenious metaphors to compare his past eight thousand days to water droplets on the tip of a tiny needle, and the flow of time to the vast sea. The days seem so small and disappear so quickly, silently and without a trace. It shows the author's helpless melancholy.
③When I wash my hands, the days pass by the basin; when I eat, the days pass by the rice bowl; when I am silent, the days pass by my gaze before my gaze.
The author uses a series of parallel sentences to describe the details of people's daily life - washing hands, eating, meditating, "the days pass by the basin", "the days pass by the rice bowl" and "pass by the gaze of the gaze. ", with delicate and unique brushstrokes, shows how days come and go inadvertently in life.
④The past days are like light smoke, blown away by the breeze, like mist, evaporated by the early sun; what traces do I leave behind?
The author made a high-level summary of the passage of more than 8,000 days, making the image of time rushing away as "like light smoke" and "like mist", which is a unique metaphor and novel association. The light smoke and mist were "blown away" and "evaporated" in an instant, and the days were so fleeting. The author feels the passage of time with all his heart.
(2) Understanding of words.
Indeed: Indeed.
涔洔: The appearance of sweating profusely.
游游: looking like shedding tears.
Wandering: walking back and forth in a place.
Gossamer: The silk spun by spiders floats in the air, so it is called gossamer.
2. Teaching objectives
1. Can write 2 new words in this lesson, and correctly read and write words such as "move, smart, naked".
2． Read the text emotionally, understand the main content of the text, feel the beauty of the language and the author's expression, and accumulate language.
3. Grasp the key paragraphs, understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author, understand that time is precious, and establish a sense of cherishing time.
3. Teaching suggestions
1. Read the text for the first time, understand the main idea of ??the text, grasp the topic "hurry", and understand the meaning of "time rushes, and it will never come back"; read the text again and clarify the main ideas of each paragraph; read the text carefully and grasp the main points of the text as a whole Content, experience the author’s thoughts and feelings. Focus on guiding students to think while reading and gain experience and feelings about the text.
On this basis, students are guided to go deep into the text, read key sentences, experience the effect of expression, and discuss and exchange which sentences in the text derived their own experience. Focus on reading the sentences in paragraphs 2 and 3. Guide students to understand the meaning of sentences such as "More than eight thousand days have slipped from my hands; like a drop of water on a needlepoint dripping into the ocean, my days have been dripping into the flow of time, without sound or shadow." and understand the meaning of these sentences How to describe how days come and go and never return, and how to express the author's thoughts and feelings. Experience the author's use of questions, metaphors, parallelism, and personification to describe the imperceptible rush of time and the passage of time in a vivid and contagious way.
2． Grasp the questioning sentences at the beginning and end of the text, and guide students to understand the author's use of questioning sentence patterns to express his strong emotions. The author asks, "Why are our days gone forever?" He asks without answering, and the answer is hidden in it. The purpose is to arouse people's deep thinking and arouse people's awareness of cherishing time.
The article also uses the expression method of back and forth to highlight the strong emotions of regret and helplessness about the passing of time.
3. On the basis of understanding the content and expression method of the text, students are guided to imitate the writing method in the text and write a few sentences based on the third question after class. You can use the sentence pattern of "... when, day..." to allow students to imitate based on the actual life. For example, "When we chat, the days pass by our mouths; when we play, the days pass by our hands; when we watch TV, the days pass by the screen." It reflects the learning process of understanding, accumulation and application of text language.
4. This article uses a variety of rhetorical techniques such as parallelism, questioning, personification, metaphor, etc. When teaching, teachers should not simply introduce rhetorical techniques to students as Chinese knowledge and let students identify various rhetorical techniques, but should focus on understanding rhetoric. In terms of the expression effect of the technique, students can feel the advantages of using this rhetoric in this sentence through comparison.
5. In this article, the author expresses his helplessness and regret for the passage of time, and also reveals his low mood of depression, hesitation, and sadness due to the unclear future and inaction. In teaching, it is not appropriate to explain too much about the background of this era. The focus is to help students establish the awareness of cherishing time.
6． "Tomorrow's Song" by "Reading Link" is a famous work by Qian Hetan in the Qing Dynasty. This poem is short and concise, has a lively rhythm, harmonious rhyme, and profound meaning. It is an expansion of the text learning. It can allow students to think while reading and understand the principle of "I am waiting for tomorrow, everything will be wasted", and further enhance the awareness of cherishing time. On the basis of understanding the content of the poem, you can recite it by heart.
4. Teaching Cases
Fragment:
Experience the expressive effect of beautiful sentences
Teacher: Where can you feel the " Time flies and will never come back”? Outline the sentences in the article that you think are beautifully written, read them, and share your experience.
Sheng: I think this sentence is beautifully written: "The swallows have gone, but they will come again; the willows have withered, but they will bloom again; the peach blossoms have withered, but they will bloom again." The author. Using these sentences, I wrote that the swallows will come again, the willows will be green again, and the peach blossoms will bloom again. They describe a spring scenery full of stillness, movement, sound and color, which leaves a deep impression on people.
Sheng: After reading this sentence, I not only felt it was beautiful, but also felt that the author wrote that the swallows will come again after they go, the willows will become green again after they wither, and the peach blossoms will bloom again after they wither, in order to be with time. Never Return is a stark contrast. After reading, it arouses associations and imagination, and makes people feel that many things can come back, but time will never come back.
Teacher: Good experience. Indeed, using beautiful things to express inner emotions is a major feature of Mr. Zhu Ziqing's prose.
Teacher: Please read the book again and see if there are any sentences that you think are beautifully written?
Sheng: I think this sentence is also beautifully written: "The past days are like light smoke, blown away by the breeze, like mist, evaporated by the early sun." This sentence uses a metaphor. The sentence structure compares the past days to light smoke and mist, giving the invisible time a distinct image. We seem to see the smoke of time looming in front of our eyes, touchable, and then blown away by the breeze in an instant. Evaporated by the early sun.
Sheng: After reading this sentence, I felt that time passed by in an instant and came and went in a hurry.
Student: I also realized that using metaphors to write sentences can make the things described more vivid and dynamic.
Teacher: Yes, when we read, we should experience it with our hearts and realize the expressive effect of metaphorical sentences. It is very good!
Student: Teacher, I also think this sentence is also very beautifully written: "When it was dark, as I lay in bed, he would jump over my body and fly from my feet in his agile way. Gone." The author uses personification to give time the spirituality and speed of movement. After reading it, I had a very profound feeling of how quickly time passes and how irrevocable it is.
Teacher: Students, imagine this sentence while reading. Which words do you think the author used best?
Student: The words "smart", "cross" and "fly" are used well. Originally, the passage of time was invisible, but in Mr. Zhu Ziqing's writings, time is like an innocent child, both cute and naughty.
Sheng: I found that using personification can make the article vivid, contagious and impress the readers.
Teacher: Yes, the author uses questions, metaphors, personification, parallelism and other techniques to make the language beautiful and vivid, arouse our associations and imagination, and make us feel infected and have feelings for the author. A feeling of regret for the passing of time arises. Time is precious, cherish it, make a difference, and don’t let everything go to waste. Ask the students to carefully read the sentences they have sketched and copy them down.
5. Related links
1. Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948) was originally named Zihua and had the courtesy name Peixian. Famous modern Chinese poet and essayist. A native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He wrote new poems when he was a student. Graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1920. From 1931 to 1932, he studied in England. After returning to China, he taught in several famous middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, as well as Tsinghua University, Kunming Southwest Associated University and other schools. After the end of the Anti-Japanese War, he actively supported the student movement against the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang. In August 1948, he refused to accept relief food from the United States and died in Peiping due to poverty and illness.
Zhu Ziqing is good at expressing his true feelings through simple narratives. His works are simple, friendly and natural, and have a charming and moving style when reading. Zhu Ziqing's prose is simple and meticulous, clear, meaningful and melancholy. He is famous for his concise language and beautiful writing style. His prose is a model of modern Chinese prose.
Famous prose works such as "Hurry", "Back View", "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Oars and Lights" are all famous for their poetic charm. His representative works include the poetry collection "Snow Morning" (co-authored), the poetry collection "Traces", the prose collection "Back", "European Miscellaneous Notes", "You and Me", etc. After liberation, he published "Collected Prose of Zhu Ziqing" and "Collected Poems of Zhu Ziqing".
2． Appreciation of "Hurry"
Zhu Ziqing is a poet who is good at capturing images from objective things to express his subjective emotions. Swallows come and go, willows wither and become green again, and peach blossoms wither and bloom again. This is a natural phenomenon that people are accustomed to seeing, but the poet was moved by the scene and associated it with his own young life, silently counting more than 8,000 years in twenty-four years. The whereabouts of these days, tracing the value of life, let out a sigh of regret. Time flies by and youth is hard to come back. Young people must cherish time and never miss it. The purpose of "Hurry" is to express your feelings about the rush of time. But it is not difficult to find that when expressing this feeling, the author is not making boring narrations or empty shouts, but relying on his own feelings in a specific situation and relying on various kinds of nature. Among the perceptible scenes, abstraction is transformed into concreteness, and thoughts are transformed into images. The unique poetic creation is created from the beginning, which produces a moving effect, making people unable to help but follow the author's thoughts to think deeply about life issues. The artistic characteristics of "Hurry" are first reflected in the author's wonderful conception of emotions and images.
It should be said that the work initially focused on the description of swallows, willows, and peach blossoms, which was just a few topics. In order to express his inner feelings more concentratedly, richly and intensely, in "Hurry", the author gives full play to his artistic imagination to capture the shadow of "hurry", and uses anthropomorphic techniques to represent the sun, the symbol of time. , written vividly. The sun is just like a young boy with a lively personality and nimble steps. He comes and goes in such a gentle and hurried way, passing by in the blink of an eye. He "passes by" and "steps over" your body. "Flying away from my feet" and "fleeing in my sighs", I really can't hold it back, I can't keep it! Sunrise and sunset, come and go in a hurry, time is ruthless and has no trace. But "the sun has feet." The poet holds on to these "feet" and writes the ethereal object of time fresh and vivid, making the ruthless thing appear full of humanness. The personified sun is actually a moving image that directly communicates with the depths of the poet's soul. The poet uses it to express his special thoughts and feelings in a specific environment and deepen the artistic conception developed at the beginning of the chapter.
In "Hurry", the vivid metaphors and contrasts play a powerful role in highlighting the inner thoughts. The work begins with a comparison between the metabolism of flowers and trees and human life. As winter passes and spring comes, the flowers and trees fade and bloom again, but where is human youth? But it is gone and never returned. The author wrote: "More than eight thousand days have slipped away from my hands; like drops of water on the tip of a needle dripping into the ocean, my days were dripping into the flow of time, without sound and shadow. ". Compared with the eternal universe, human life is very small. "A drop of water on the tip of a needle" and "the sea", these two clear metaphors, really describe the gap between the two. But its smallness should be cherished even more, because if it is ignored even a little, it will disappear without a trace in the endless flow of time. It is precisely because of this that the author "can't help but shed tears." Then the author asked face to face: "What can I do in the world of thousands of households in these days that are flying away?" He further made a more concrete comparison between the flow of his own life and the flow of time in nature. He compared his "past days" with the "light smoke" that was "blown away by the breeze" and the "mist" that was "evaporated by the early sun". "Light smoke" and "mist" are extremely empty and unrealistic, and visualize "wandering" and "hurry", thereby expressing the wish to not waste this life, as he wrote in the same period As mentioned in the poem "Destruction", I felt that I was "floating like light smoke, like floating clouds, unable to stand firm at all", so I wanted to "pull away the smoke and dust and see my own country." The theme of "Hurry" is revealed in the contrast between the rush of nature and the rush of one's life.
"Hurry" is short in length and innovative in conception. The author ingeniously uses the question sentence pattern as a link to connect the whole article, revealing his inner thoughts step by step. The work generally has three levels. At the beginning, the author uses natural phenomena to constantly ask "Why are our days gone forever?" If someone steals it, "Who is it? Where is it?" If he escaped by himself, "where are he now?" The questions are clever, the sentences are striking, and it is gripping, forcing you to think about the serious issues in life. At the second level, the question "how haste come and gone" brings out the specific image of the sun. The sun, as the poet's emotional attachment, is not only the source of the poet's subjective lyricism, but also the button of the entire structure. It not only visualizes the questions raised above, but also creates a new way for the following emotional expressions.
At the last level, the author uses the rhetorical question "What can I do?" to further evaporate the emotion. With a series of questions, he traces the traces of his life, reflects on the "past days", and finally ends with " Why our days are gone forever” echoes the beginning. There are only about 600 words in the whole article, but it actually uses eleven questions. In a series of questions that seemingly do not require answers, a subtle inner world is expressed. In the whole structure, these questions actually cleverly play the role of pulling emotional threads, through which the theme is highlighted and deepened layer by layer. Such an unconventional artistic concept indeed has a unique style that is different from others.
"Hurry" obviously reveals a kind of "gossamer"-like mood of melancholy evoked by the turbulent days, but overall the mood of the whole article is healthy and uplifting. The poet is by no means a flower-watcher. Splashing tears, looking at willows hurts the spring, but touching the scene and expressing one's feelings about the times. The work does not seem to answer the question "why the days are gone forever", nor does it solve how to end the "wandering", but when the author keeps asking Through questioning, questioning, and censure, it can be seen that he is deeply dissatisfied with his state of mind in "wandering" and is unwilling to waste time "hurrying" by. "I came to this world naked, will I go back naked in the blink of an eye? But I can't forgive it, why do I have to go through this life in vain?" This is the author's finishing touch, and this is what is implicit in the work. The spirit of not being willing to waste time and striving for progress. Later, after a long period of exploration, the author finally "stepped on the soil step by step" and moved forward.
——Excerpt from "Appreciation of Zhu Ziqing's Works", written by Chen Xiaoquan and Liu Tailong,
Guangxi People's Publishing House, 1981 edition.