Three levels of poetry appreciation?
Generally speaking, literary works have three levels, namely the language level, the image level and the connotation level. Poetry appreciation should also start from these three levels. ?
Language level There is no doubt that poetry has a strong intuitive nature. The language of poetry is highly summarized, concise, and full of connotations. It often violates the general grammatical norms and has a stronger sense of strangeness than ordinary literary language. There are often many blank spaces between the lines of poetry, showing strong leaps. It is this kind of leap that can accommodate the richer images of poetry, thus constructing a refreshing poetic meaning in a very limited space. The formation of this language art feature mostly relies on the ingenious integration of concrete words and abstract words, that is, intentionally matching abstract words with concrete words to form a realm of intersection of reality and reality that is both concrete and vague, thus providing readers with the opportunity to trace the individual poet. Feeling information. The newly revised third volume of high school Chinese textbook selects poet Bian Zhilin's poem "Fragment of Chapter" in the reading exercise. Bian Zhilin's poetry is loved by readers for its implicit wisdom. He often describes the world in vivid language and uses symbolic images to metaphor the philosophy of life. It not only has a rich and vivid artistic sense, but also contains the experience of the world. The language of the poem "Broken Chapter" vividly reflects this characteristic: "You stand on the bridge and look at the scenery, and the people watching the scenery look at you upstairs." "The bright moon decorates your windows, and you decorate other people's dreams." . The surface of the poem is unremarkable: there is scenery on the bridge, so you are looking at it; you also constitute the scenery, so others are also looking at you. In Wuqi, people can experience the rich relativity philosophy of life and death, knowledge and ignorance in the universe and life contained in the picture. "The bright moon decorates your windows, and you decorate other people's dreams." What is "decorated" is dreams. The combination of this language is extremely clever. By coincidence, the combination of concrete words and abstract words breaks the logical relationship of semantics. It constitutes a kind of poetic logic, which greatly expands the flexibility of poetic language, enriches the expressive connotation of poetry, expands the expressive scope of poetry, and deepens the rationale of poetry. Similar ones include "I took a sip of the mist on the street" ("Record"), "vomited a milky white 'alas'" ("Dusk"), etc. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, only by grasping this characteristic of poetic language and singing repeatedly can we deeply understand the highly condensed characteristics of the poet's language, and thereby extract the condensed connotation of the poetry. ?
Image level Imagery and aesthetic education are closely related. Only poems with beautiful images can give readers a sense of beauty. The ability to create new and unique beautiful images is one of the indicators of the success of poetry. The formation of images mainly uses three methods: Fu, comparison and xing. However, only by using images or metaphors of things that are extremely unrelated on the surface but actually related can we express ourselves accurately and effectively. The images generated based on this principle can There's something startlingly bizarre, fresh and startlingly accurate. This also involves the integration between the image chosen by the poem and the meaning it symbolizes. Imagery and meaning are often inseparable. The reason why Shu Ting's poem "Motherland, My Dear Motherland" is so tear-jerking is that it is inseparable from the poet's successful use of metaphor and synaesthesia to create a group of profound images: "I am your riverside "Go up to the dilapidated old waterwheel, spinning tired songs for hundreds of years." The visual "old waterwheel" is connected with the auditory "tired song." The poet starts with this desolate image, bringing the readers into an extreme world at once. In the best state of poetry appreciation, you can feel the shock and profundity in the vastness of the world. Hundreds of years of silence suddenly jump to the reader, broad and majestic, boundless and deep. "I am the painful hope of your ancestors/the flower on Feitian's sleeves that has not fallen to the ground for thousands of years." It also integrates concrete images and abstract images. In the sharp transition and contrast of time and space, the poet completes the subjective Expression of emotions. And the images of "I am your new ideal/just broke free from the cobweb of myth" and "I am the newly painted snow-white starting line/the crimson dawn is spraying" make us suddenly understand them after the initial shock. Among the complex meanings of the strong thoughts and feelings represented, we can understand the unique aesthetic taste of this poem from an artistic perspective, and make us feel the consistency between the poet's inner spirit and the image of the poem. Therefore, the interpretation of poetry cannot be separated from the grasp of the image itself. The creativity and imagination of poetry, and all the vitality of poetry, lie in the shaping of image. To read poetry, you must first understand the imagery. ?
At the level of meaning, with the formation of the image in the mind and the stimulation of the rhythm of the voice, the reader has already developed a preliminary sense of beauty, but how to break through the surface of the image to understand the inner meaning of the poem, that is, the meaning of the poem, is The key to success or failure in poetry appreciation. The implication of poetry generally includes aesthetic implication and intellectual implication. ?
Of course, excellent poetry is aesthetic. At the beginning of reading poetry, readers begin to have some kind of spiritual experience and feel spiritual joy. But this is not yet aesthetic appreciation. This revision of the textbook includes a poem "Praise" by the famous poet Mu Dan in the 1940s. At that time, due to special historical reasons, some modernist poets in the 1930s and 1940s were hesitant and confused, as if they were lost in the dark night. Most of their works were limited to their own "ego" and mostly expressed their hesitation and helplessness. But Mu Dan was different. He often gives dark and light philosophies to the images he creates in his poems. The poem "Praise" epitomizes this artistic creation style of the poet.
Two characters are created in the poem: one is the poet himself as the lyrical subject, and the other is the farmer whose "rough body moves in the field". The lyrical subject tells his "silent love" in the desolate land, in the vastness of weeds, in the melancholy forest, to the "immovable gray ranks" crawling on the sky, "to use the desolate desert" "Bumpy path", "rainy weather", "snowy hands" and "bumpy people's embrace"; this is an image with strong patriotism. As for the farmer, this "father of many children", "many dynasties have risen and fallen around him", "hopes and disappointments are weighing on him", "the road is infinitely long", but he has let go of "the eternal life". The ancient hoe, which was said to spin behind the plow, firmly "looked at itself" and merged into death. A laborer looks at his poverty and hard work, and then leaves his wife, children, mother, and everything behind, and never looks back. What kind of image is this? What is his inner quality? What makes "I" also cry for his departure? It goes without saying that these two sets of images have shocking power. The farmer and I suddenly met in the poem, and each understood his own mission. When all living beings were in a coma and lost their self-awareness, the farmer and I expressed our sobriety in our own unique way, conveying a sense of being incompatible with the comatose world. A spirit that is shattered to pieces in search of light. At this point, we have completed the anatomy of the image, dug out some of the connotations of the poem, and had a preliminary aesthetic experience of the work; however, let’s further appreciate: in this desolate and hungry picture, the spirit of the farmer’s image is The light begins to become active, float, and expand, thereby conveying the farmer's personality and character - when he is full of turmoil, contradictions, suffering and ignorance, he does not hesitate to abandon himself, sacrifice himself, transform himself, and seek a way out to the light. , and it is precisely because of this that "a nation can rise" and "a nation has already risen". The image of the farmer actually carries the connotation of national history, represents the specific qualities of the forerunners, and shines with the immortal glory of the national character. And I am the symbol of the new-born farmer. My flesh-and-blood connection with the farmer has jointly built the soul of the nation. This is the lofty aesthetic connotation that the poem "Praise" brings to us. Only when we appreciate it can we truly enter into the grasp of the connotation of poetry, that is, enter into the "intellectual" connotation of poetry.