The initiator is also the initiator, that is, the metrical poem breaks the topic and plays a leading role.
Generally speaking, it is required to break the topic, point to the theme, clarify the theme, and create an atmosphere for the whole poem, which often plays the role of guiding the whole poem, laying the tone, developing the atmosphere and paving the way for artistic conception. The first sentence also has the saying of "Phoenix Head".
The starting method of the second sentence:
Do everything from scratch, sing from scratch, speak from scratch, tell stories from scratch, write articles from scratch, and of course, write poems from scratch. The hardest part is actually in the beginning The ancients attached great importance to the beginning of poetry creation and were very particular about the beginning. There are so-called bright, dark, accompanying, anti-rising, causing, rising, praising, sighing and so on. Poetry and prose creation, if started well, can receive phonetic effects.
There are many ways to "promote" a rhythmic poem. Now I will focus on the classification of writing techniques. I'll introduce you to several kinds:
1, tomorrow:
The so-called "Qi Ming" is to point out the topic as soon as he opens his mouth, without affectation. This method is straightforward, and can often get the effect of pulling one hair and moving the whole body. This method is also most suitable for beginners.
Such as: On Watching Wang Nangui by Liu Changqing.
Facing the mist on the water, I still waved my hand and cried.
Because the flying birds disappeared into space and crossed a desolate green hill.
But now, the long river, the lonely sail and the five lakes are shining with the light of spring in the sunset.
Along an island full of duckweeds, there will be peace of communication!
Everyone can tell at a glance that this is a farewell poem.
As soon as the first couplet was written, the poet looked at the foggy river and frequently shed tears to his friend Wang Shiyi to show his reluctant feelings. Next, around the first couplet, the tourist scenes such as "birds, green hills, sails and sunset" are vividly written, and the scenes blend and echo from beginning to end, adding sadness to the farewell! Although the title of the poem is "Farewell", there is no farewell scene in the poem, and even the farewell words are not mentioned. It is simply straight to the point!
2. Darkness: dark people can't see the inscription, and the original intention of the topic is implied in the sentence.
Such as Zhang Jiuling's Twelve Feelings.
Orchids in spring are full of flowers, and osmanthus in autumn is bright and fresh.
Life in the world is full of vitality, which naturally conforms to the beautiful season.
Who wants to live in seclusion in the mountains and smell the fragrance, so full of joy.
Won't it be more demanding to be transplanted than any other natural flower? ?
The first couplet only writes about Gui Lan, not people, but the fifth sentence suddenly turns to "Who knows", which leads to the beauty living in the mountains. This method can't see the feeling scene, completely conforms to the even sentence of neat and dark rise, and highlights two elegant plants, Chunlan and Qiugui.
This is the writing method of supporting objects to rise, setting off the ground and rendering without inscriptions.
3, the cause: that is, let's not talk about the topic, but the scenery seen from the eyes, in order to lead to positive significance.
For example, Du Fu's "The Guest Arrives":
In my north, in my south, spring is flooding, day after day, I only see seagulls;
My road is covered with petals-I haven't cleaned it for others, and my thatched cottage door has been closed-but it is open for you now;
It's a long way to the market, and I can't give you much, but in my hut, we have old wine in our cups;
Shall we call my old neighbor to join us, call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
We have read and enjoyed this poem several times in the morning.
The theme of this poem is "guests arrive", but the topic is first set off by the surrounding scenery.
Start with the outdoor scenery, and point out the time and place of the guest's visit and the mood of the author on the eve of his visit. "I'm in the north, I'm in the south, and spring water is flooding" makes the environment with green water rippling here very beautiful and lovely. This is the thatched cottage by the river in Chengdu. The word "Du" implies that the water of the Chunjiang River overflows, giving people a feeling of vastness.
In the works of the ancients, flocks of seagulls are often the companions of hermits by the water. Their arrival "day after day" points out the tranquility of the environment and adds a secluded color to the author's life.
"But see" implies that the flock is lovely, but seeing other tourists is too monotonous! In this way, the author is immersed in the scenery, showing his loneliness in the leisurely Jiangcun village. In just 27 14 words, I wrote the appearance and environment of a paradise. This skillfully paved the way for the happy mood of the whole poem. This method is similar to the rise of darkness.
4, reverse: that is, do not start from the front of the topic, but lead to this topic from the opposite side.
Such as: When Cousin Lu Lun comes to spend the night by Sikong Shu.
Quiet night is not adjacent, because the family is poor and lives in the wilderness.
And the yellow leaves fall in the rain, just like the fate of the white-haired old man under the light.
Ashamed of being lonely for so long, you often come to comfort me with you.
We are predestined poetry friends, not to mention you and my two cousins.
The title is "Happiness". In the first half, the author writes about the desolate scene in a deserted shack on a silent night: the old man lives alone in the wilderness, has no neighbors, and is lonely and poor. However, it is "gratifying" to point out the second half of my brother's willingness to come, but it also reveals "sadness"
. The word "shame" in "Shame on the King" shows a sad mood. One sadness and one joy, the resonance of sadness and joy, one positive and one negative, grow and set off each other, making the theme to be expressed more profound and prominent.
Another example: Qian Qi's Send a Monk to Japan.
You are destined to find the source, and now, pursue your path like in a dream;
There, the sea floats to the sky, and you disappear from this world in your fragile boat;
The water and the moon are as calm as you believe, and fish and dragons follow your singing;
The most lovely thing is that there is a Buddha lamp that illuminates the soul; Sailing in Wan Li, your eyes are always bright.
The title is "Send Home", which is quite Zen and has an ethereal and elegant style, but the author has never written this topic. This method is called "anti-rise"
The way to reverse the first sentence and the second sentence is to lead the topic from the opposite side rather than the front.
This is a farewell poem for Japanese monks. The first two sentences are not written to return, but to the place. There are only three or four sentences, suggesting that it is a long way home. In the second half of the poem, the unknown poem was sent back, but the scenery on the sea was written, which broadened the realm of the poem and made the narrow topic rich in content and become a good poem.
5. Rise: Rise stems from the feelings in the heart and leads to the original intention of the topic. The difference from the cause is that it comes from what you see in front of your eyes and from what you feel inside.
Such as: Tang
Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post.
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
At the beginning of the poem, the theme is concretized and has strict duality. Farewell to Du Shaofu is unknown, but it only depicts the situation and style of Chang 'an "City Que". "Wind Smoke" uses the method of holding something to cheer up, pointing out that the place where friends go is far away in the hinterland of Sichuan. Painted two people looking up at a thousand miles, saying goodbye indefinitely, sometimes looking back at the majestic city gate, and sometimes looking at the confused distant scenery, everything is self-evident. There are lofty sentiments in the poem, which set a healthy tone for the whole poem.
6, contrast: that is, using the contrast between the past and the present, the actual situation is staggered. It means that time goes back from now to the past and finally to the present, also called narrative method.
Such as: Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower"
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
The first link is intertwined with reality, and the comparison between the past and the present expands the field of time and space. I have heard about the fame of Dongting for a long time, but it was not until my twilight years that I realized my wish to see this famous lake. On the surface, climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time was quite enjoyable. In fact, my original intention was to express my unfulfilled ambition in my early days. In the final analysis, it is to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake. This method can not only explain the cause and effect in detail, but also make the present and the past correspond to each other, thus making people feel infinite melancholy or great sentiment.
7. Ask and answer questions. Start with a question and answer it, or start with a question and answer it. This kind of question can be answered or not.
Such as: Du Fu's "Looking at Yue"
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
There are thick clouds in the soup, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
To be clear, this is not a metrical poem, but an ancient poem, also called an ancient style. Here we mainly study his sentence-starting style. The first sentence, "The grandeur of Mount Tai!" , very vivid. When I saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I couldn't describe it. "Dai" is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as the "Daizong". "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. I don't understand. You're the husband. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. It's really vivid. "Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some pondering, which is really amazing. It did not say that Mount Tai is high in the abstract, but wrote its own experience in an ingenious way-beyond the border between the two countries in ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance.
Another example: Ouyang Xiu's Autumn.
It's hard to save trouble, and the autumn color is gray.
West wind wine flag city, drizzle chrysanthemum day.
Feelings of sorrow and joy, including shame and food.
What time does the deer car leave? Back to Yingdong Day.
The first sentence, "Isn't it good", points out the contradiction between loving nature and depression by rhetorical question.
Autumn is not only refreshing, but also a harvest season, with ripe fruits and plump crabs. Why does this season, which should make people happy and intoxicated, make the poet feel sad instead? This can't help but arouse readers' doubts. Let the reader want to know what follows.
8. Lyric: Start with lyrical words and divide the word world for the scenery or notes below.
Lyric, we beginners rarely use, Qi Jing is the most commonly used, here, let's do some understanding.
Such as: Du Fu's Ode to Monuments
Decline: I am well aware of Song Yu's misery, romance and elegance. He is also my teacher. Sad to see a thousand autumn, a tear, melancholy in different times, not at the same time. His old home between mountains and rivers-empty works, empty sex platform-is certainly not imagined in the dream? . The palaces of Chu were all destroyed, and the fishermen who showed them today are not sure.
The first pair of couplets is full of affectionate self-reports about Song Yu's thorough understanding and infinite admiration. Feel Song Yu's life.
In this way, at the beginning of the poem, strong feelings are poured into the object of chanting, which sets the tone for the lyricism of the whole article.
Another example: You are familiar with The Wandering Son.
The mother used the needle and thread in her hand to make clothes for her long-distance son.
This is the life picture of a loving mother sewing clothes for her son who is about to travel far away, and it is this objective life that makes the poet feel a kind of affection and praise for his mother. Obviously, the subject-poet experience is completely born from the objective life picture. From the beginning of lyricism, I poured out my heart and created an unrestrained, unrestrained and unstoppable momentum, such as Susie's ambition to celebrate.
There are many ways to start with metrical poems, so let's stop here tonight. But for beginners, I suggest that it is best to start with the scenery as much as possible, which is a little easier to write.