1. The translation of "Unjust Cry"
A Preface to Meng Dongye ([Tang Dynasty] Han Yu) - Selected from "Complete Tang Dynasty"
Original text Dafanwu If it is not flat, it will sing: the grass and trees are silent, but the wind will sing. The water is silent, the wind roars. It jumps, or it is irritated [1]; it tends, or it is stemmed; it boils, or it is burned [2]. The silence of gold and stone may be the sound of striking. The same is true for people when it comes to speech. Those who have no choice but to speak later. His songs are filled with thoughts, and his cries are filled with emotions. Whatever comes out of his mouth and becomes a sound, there is something wrong with it!
Generally speaking, various things will make sounds when they are not calm: grass and trees have no sound originally, but they make sounds when the wind shakes them. Water originally has no sound, but the wind makes a sound when it shakes it. The water is surging, or something is blocking the water; the water is rushing, or something is blocking the waterway; the water is boiling, or there is a fire cooking it. Metal stone tools originally have no sound, but when someone knocks them, they make a sound. The same is true with human language. People often speak only when they have to speak. People sing to express their feelings, and people cry because they are nostalgic. Everything that comes out of the mouth and becomes a sound probably has a reason why it cannot be calm!
Explanation: Meng Jiao (751-814), courtesy name Dongye, was a native of Wukang, Huzhou (now Deqing County, Zhejiang Province). A famous poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He failed many tests in his prime, and was awarded Jinshi at the age of forty-six. He was awarded the title of Liyang County Lieutenant at the age of fifty. Unappreciated talents, depressed mood. When he took office, Han Yu wrote this article to praise and comfort him, revealing his emotion and dissatisfaction with the improper employment of people in the imperial court. The article uses the metaphorical technique to start from the point where things are not equal and they are angry, and when it is written about the people who are not equal, they are angry. In the whole preface, only a few words at the end of the chapter directly refer to Meng Jiao. The rest of the content is compiled out of thin air, which is surprising, but it is closely centered around Meng Jiao and his events. The words are there but the intention is here, so it does not seem obvious. The space, sparseness and dissociation reflect the unique attainments in layout and planning. When counting those who were good at singing in various dynasties, their sentence patterns were extremely intricate and varied. Liu Haifeng of the Qing Dynasty rated them as "magnificent and innovative, unparalleled in ancient and modern times." 2. Translation of the theory of "Unjust Rising"
Han Yu (768-824), a litterateur and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name Tuizhi was born in Nanyang, Henan (today's Meng County). He was known as Han Changli in the world, also known as Han Libu and Han Wengong. He has very high achievements in prose and poetry creation. In particular, his ancient prose theory and ancient prose creation have been highly praised by literati of all ages. He very clearly put forward the creative idea of ??"Civilization makes the way clear, and injustice leads to anger". "Shuo Ma" and "Preface to Dong Shao's Southern Tour to Hebei" selected in the fourth volume of the junior high school Chinese textbook (People's Education Press Edition) fully embody this creative idea, both of which are the result of "unjust injustice".
"Ma Shuo" is one of the four chapters of "Miscellaneous Shuo". "Miscellaneous Comments" is a set of short treatises that satirize unreasonable social phenomena. "Ma Shuo" is the fourth chapter. This article uses the metaphor of "a thousand-mile horse cannot meet a bole", which deeply exposes the unreasonable phenomenon of talents being buried, sharply satirizes the stupid behavior of the ruling class that does not recognize talents, does not love talents, and does not use talents, and expresses At that time, many knowledgeable people had the same experience of not being recognized for their talents, which also expressed the personal resentment caused by being repeatedly criticized. Here, Han Yu's personal complaints are somewhat representative in the increasingly dark political society of the mid-Tang Dynasty. This article is a piece of work that expresses one's ambitions and is divided into three levels. First of all, the horse was "humiliated by the hands of slaves" and "died in parallel in a stable" as metaphors to illustrate that to win a scholar, you must first recognize the talent; then it was used as a metaphor that the horse was "not full", "powerless" and "not only beautiful but also talented". "See" is used as a metaphor, which shows that to get a scholar, you still need to wait for the scholar; finally, the horse rider "cannot use his talents" and "cannot understand his meaning" is used as a metaphor, indicating that if you get a scholar, you should use the scholar more. In short, the article uses the misfortune of the thousand-mile horse as a metaphor for the burying and strangulation of talents, and uses the ignorance and incompetence of those who eat horses and those who implement policies as a metaphor for the stupidity of rulers. The whole text is full of comparisons, profound in meaning, vivid in image, and full of appeal. It is also a reasoning article. It first makes a positive conclusion, then discusses from the negative side, and finally points out the key point of "truly ignorant of horses". It discusses layer by layer, goes in depth layer by layer, makes thorough reasoning, and has strong emotions, making it a story that wins both reason and reason. work.
In "Preface to Sending Dong Shao on a Southern Tour to Hebei", Dong Sheng was born in Anfeng, Shouzhou. He was poor and could not read, but he had filial piety. During the Zhenyuan period, the Duke (Han Yu) visited the south of the Yangtze River and made friends, and wrote the poem "Alas Dong Shengxing". In the various roads of Hebei, Zhao became a German army. Yan belongs to Youzhouying. When he went to Hebei, he was just angry that he couldn't achieve his goals and wanted to join the vassal town that "does not obey the orders of the court". The central idea of ??this article is to oppose Dong Shao's southern tour of Hebei, but its content is much more than that. There are many hidden meanings. This is one of those people who longed for the ancient Yanzhao region and criticized the separatist regime of vassal towns at that time. Secondly, those who objected to Dong Shao's southward trip to Hebei, but affirmed that he "embraced sharp weapons", had "hard weapons" but "cannot even aspire to Yousi". Therefore, he went to Hebei to find a way out, which revealed the author's dissatisfaction with Yousi and seemed to be blaming them. "Driving fish into the deep". Thirdly, Dong Shaonan obviously went to Fanzhen because he "didn't have ambitions in Yousi", but the author entrusted him to advise the "dog butchers" in Hebei to become officials in the court; if the "dog butchers" really went to the Tang Dynasty, " Will "Yousi" make him "successful"? In these places, the author not only secretly blames "Yousi", but also faintly sounds the alarm to the supreme ruler. Judging from Dong Shaonan's experience, the so-called "Son of Tomorrow" is actually very un"Ming".
According to historical records, the Tang Dynasty at that time was indeed "stuck in officialdom", and frustrated people fled to the feudal towns one after another; but what about the feudal towns? They also "competed to attract heroes as their masterminds", so the vassal town became stronger while the imperial court became weaker. Han Yu, who was trying to achieve great unification, was filled with emotion when he saw off Dong Shaonan, whom he had once praised! Wei Qi is full of emotions! Only then can I write this short article with profound content. It is true that "the subtle feelings and wonderful intentions are conveyed beyond the pen and ink" (Liu Dakui's "Hundred Essays of Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties"). Many articles are the result of "the injustice will be outraged". It is not interesting to talk about this injustice directly, so we use circuitous ways. Expressing ideas implicitly and using virtuality to show reality, there have been many works that say something here but mean something else. It leaves readers with a broad space for imagination.
"Making the best use of things and making the best use of people's talents" is the ideal state that talents aspire to realize their own value. But in many cases, especially in ancient feudal society, many people often lamented that they were born at the wrong time. It is a common social tragedy that talents are suppressed, unable to display their talents, or even killed. Han Yu's article "Preface to Meng Dongye" begins with a clear statement: "All things will sing if they are not equal,...and the same is true for people. The essence of the human voice is the speech, and the essence of words is the essence of the speaker, especially the good ones. Those who sing are false.” These two short articles are the author's cry for those who are unsuccessful (including the author himself). The implication is worthy of our careful understanding. 3. The usage of the word "ming" in Han Yu's "Preface to Sending Meng Dongye to the Wilderness" is different, which part of the prose is reflected
Appreciation of Han Yu's "Preface to Sending Meng Dongye to the Wilderness" This is when Han Yu went to Jiangnan to take office in Liyang for Meng Jiao. A preface written by the county captain. The content of the article is divided into four paragraphs. The first paragraph discusses the principle of "things will make noise when they are not equal." From the sounds produced by vegetation and water when they are excited by external forces, it discusses the human Speeches, songs, and cries are all caused by injustice. In the second paragraph, a variety of natural phenomena are listed to demonstrate the point of view of "when injustice is heard". For example, gold, stone, silk, bamboo, bamboo, earth, leather, and wood. A musical instrument is the thing that is best at making sounds; and God uses birdsong, thunder, insects, and wind to tell people the progress of the seasons throughout the year. This lays the foundation for the argument that "the same is true for people" explained below. Chapter 1 In the third paragraph, the arguer also does the same, and the injustice will be criticized. The article continues the above, discussing the natural world and human society, starting from the Tang, Yu, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and talking about the Sui Dynasty. , Tang Dynasty, lists the deeds of many historical figures, and demonstrates the argument that "things will thrive if they are not equal". The fourth paragraph, from Chen Ziang, Su Yuanming, Yuan Jie, Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Guan of the Tang Dynasty to Mencius Jiao, Li Ao, and Zhang Ji thought that they were all good at using poetry to express their feelings. However, the excellent poetry of Meng, Li, and Zhang did not know that God wanted to make their voices harmonious to praise the country. Will they prosper, or will they be poor, hungry, sad, and lament their misfortunes? Finally, the title is pointed out: "The battle of Dongye was in the south of the Yangtze River. Some people are not relieved, so I know that their destiny is in heaven to explain it." This expresses Meng Jiao's emotion of not being able to appreciate his talent. The result of the full text argument seems to be attributed to destiny. .Actually, this is just a euphemistic and implicit expression. Regarding Meng Jiao's "good call" and lifelong difficulties, the author said on the surface that it was determined by God's will, but in fact he was criticizing the society and rulers at that time for not reusing talents. , don’t mistakenly think that Han Yu is promoting superstition. The article often uses parallel sentence patterns, ups and downs, overlapping waves, and unrestrained momentum; the argument is extraordinary and the meaning is profound; it is indeed an excellent essay in argumentative writing. In summary, I should choose the second one options... 4. Discussing Sima Qian's "working hard after being poor" theory and Han Yu's theory of "working hard after being poor" mainly comes from Sima Qian's theory of "working hard after being poor" and Han Yu's theory of "unjust "Zeming" theory, which emphasizes the important role of a writer's life experiences, especially hardships and embarrassments, in his creative achievements.
However, in this article, Ouyang Xiu affirmed that Mei Shengyu's poems were "poor and late in work", but also regretted that his talents were buried. He said that if Mei Yaochen could be reused by the court, he would write "Ya Song" Chapter, singing the merits of the Song Dynasty. Sima Qian's "anger" is what is commonly called "complaint"; Han Yu's "injustice" not only refers to anger, but also includes joy.
"Complaining about the prosperity of the country" when one is successful and "complaining about misfortune" when frustrated, both are "complaining about injustice"; from this point of view, in terms of literary thought, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu are of the same strain. .