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What are squeeze rhymes, clashing rhymes, and connected rhymes
The so-called "squeeze rhyme" refers to the use of the same final as the rhyme in the poem. The words interfere with the rhyme effect.
Generally speaking, for metrical poems, wrong meter is allowed but wrong rhyme is not allowed.
Rhymes in poetry are like the cornerstones of a building. If the foundation is unstable, the building will easily overturn. Use rhyme to play a chess tune, like dispatching troops on the battlefield.
If there is no regular use of rhyme, it would not be called a metrical poem. It would be better to call it a jingle or a limerick.
There are several kinds of taboos for the sound of rhythm; there are also more than a dozen taboos for the rhythm of rhythm.
For example, avoid rhyme. (Also known as falling rhyme). For example, the poem rhymes with "Yidong", and then rhymes with "Sanjiang" or "Bageng"... This is the rhyme.
Another example is to avoid repeated rhymes. Avoid rhymes with synonymous words, such as Liuma rhyme "flower, flower, flower,..." and Qiyang rhyme "fragrant, fragrant,...". Double rhymes in a poem are compound rhymes. Also avoid using homophones consecutively in rhyme, that is, rhyming sentences using homophones continuously without gaps. Use with intervals is allowed...
Beginners should pay special attention to the fact that "rhyme" and "final" are two concepts that are not exactly the same. Without further ado, let’s talk about what collision rhyme and squeeze rhyme are.
Rhyme clash
What is rhyme clash? Even in the sentence without rhyme (baijie) (such as the third sentence of Qijue), the last word also uses oblique characters with the same rhyme as the final rhyme.
In metrical poems, whether flat or oblique, if the white foot and the rhyme final are the same, it is a collision rhyme. When this happens in the poem, the rhyme of the entire poem lacks rich changes, making it boring to read.
For example:
"Qijue·Early Spring Light Rain" by Han Yu
The light rain on Tianjie is as moist as cakes
The color of grass looks far away but not close< /p>
The best place to go all year long
The most beautiful place in the world is Yanliu Manchuanghuangdu
The "place" of Baijiao in the third sentence and the rhyme "su,wu,du" are both It rhymes with black (u), but the rhyme is mixed, and it rhymes with tong and tong (mixed rhyme).
But in this poem, people don’t feel the disadvantages of clashing rhymes, and the whole poem is catchy to read. Because Han Yu had superb writing skills, he turned it into a "living rhyme". The author uses "near but nothing" in the second sentence. In this way, the focus of reading the whole sentence falls on the fifth word "near", which makes it come alive when you read it!
Squeeze rhyme
What is squeeze rhyme? (Also known as rhyme violation, rhyme abuse) is the excessive use of words with the same rhyme in verses that are not rhymes, making it difficult to read.
For example:
"Qijue·Boancing at Guazhou" by Wang Anshi
Between Jingkou and Guazhou
Zhongshan is only a few steps away Heavy mountains ------ shake the waves and make them clear. Self-explanation: 2 mountains, crowded with rhyme, also called guilty of rhyme and false rhyme.
The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river ------ shake the waves and make the waves clear. Solution: 7 shores, a rhyme.
When will the bright moon shine on me?
The "shore" at the white foot and the rhyme "Jian, Shan, Huan" are both An (an) rhymes, which conflict with each other. But the author uses "take it as I return" in the fourth sentence, making the poem a "living rhyme" and eliminating the pain of "rhyme collision".
This poem not only hits the rhyme, but also squeezes out the rhyme. "Jiangnan Bank" in the poem is a typical squeeze rhyme. However, the author uses the word "an" in Baijiao, because the word "an" is an accented word with a shallow meaning, which also eliminates the harm of squeezed rhyme. Therefore, this poem also makes people feel less hurt by clashing rhymes and squeezing rhymes. The whole poem reads smoothly and smoothly, and it has become a famous poem through the ages!
From the above, we can know that when writing poems with rhymes or squeezed rhymes, do not simply say that it is allowed or not allowed. It depends on whether the author has advanced writing skills and control ability, and whether he can turn "dead rhyme" into "living rhyme"!
Let’s understand the key to using rhyme.
Rhyme collision
Even the last word of a sentence that does not use rhyme (such as the third sentence of Qijue) also uses oblique characters with the same rhyme and final rhyme.
From a general point of view, the rhyme of the whole poem lacks variation, which easily makes the poem difficult to read, and should not be done like this.
For example:
The moon is moving in the mountains and forests with crows,
The clouds are rolling in the wind and the shadows of the sparse bamboos are low.
Clear tears are washed away in dreams,
The sound of spring falls to the west of the small building at night.
This poem is lively and has good fundamentals. But there is always a feeling of discomfort. The rhyme of the word "wash" here is one of the more obvious injuries. As soon as the word "wash" comes out, the word "西" behind it is suppressed. When I read this, I always feel relieved.
Are rhymes not allowed in poetry? We have learned before that except for the requirements of meter and rhyme, poetry does not have any other restrictions.
In this example poem, the word "wash" that clashes with rhyme causes harm to the poem. The key point is that the related rhymes of this poem are all made into "dead rhyme".
Dead rhyme and living rhyme
If the focus of the entire poem falls on the last word: we call such a poem "dead rhyme".
On the other hand, if the focus of reading of the entire poem falls on other words before the word rhyme, we call such a poem "living rhyme".
For example, in the previous example, the focus of the last three sentences is "low", "wash" and "west" respectively. At this time, the rhyme of the word "wash" will inevitably cause harm to the whole poem.
Example
The light rain on the street is as moist as butter,
The color of grass looks far away, but there is no grass up close.
It is the best place to go all year round,
It is better than Yanliuman Huangdu.
——Han Yu·Qijue·Early Spring Light Rain
In this poem, the word 'chu' has a rhyme, but we don't feel the harm of the rhyme. We still feel that everything is wrong. The poem is fluent and catchy.
What’s the key? The key lies in the "near but nothing" in the second sentence. The focus of reading this sentence falls on the fifth word "near", so this poem becomes "living rhyme". The whole poem successfully avoids the harm caused by clashing rhymes.
The perfect taste is a full demonstration of the author's superb writing ability.
Squeezed rhyme
It means that too many words with the same rhymes are used in the poem, making the sentence difficult to pronounce.
The concepts of "colliding rhyme" and "squeezing rhyme" should belong to those "poetry critics" who lack a sense of phonology and want to solve the problem of phonology and create a pure "half-bottle of vinegar" point of view.
For example, "Wan Yan Can Can" is really difficult to pronounce. We can say that the damage is caused by "squeezing rhyme".
But "Wanyanhan" Jie is very refreshing. Why do the same rhyme words have different phonological expressions?
This is something that those "poetry critics" who lack a sense of phonology can never crack.
The key point here is: ‘燀’ is a process, but it is also a word with an accent, so the sound ends before the meaning of the sentence is fully developed in the mind. In this way, the harm of "squeezing rhyme" to sentence reading is highlighted.
And "cold" is just a feeling, and it is an accented word. The meaning and pronunciation in the mind can develop simultaneously, so the harm of "rhyme squeeze" will not exist.
It is precisely because of this relationship that verses that end in rhyme with "燧" can easily become "dead rhymes", while verses that end with "cold" in rhyme can easily become "living rhymes". This brings about completely different phonological changes to the subsequent development of the whole poem.
Example
Jingkou and Guazhou are separated by water,
Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.
The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river.
When will the bright moon shine on me again?
——Wang Anshi·Qijue·Bonchuan Guazhou
In this poem, "Jiangnan Bank" is a typical squeezed rhyme, but we don't feel the harm of squeezed rhyme. I still think the whole poem is smooth and catchy.
The key is that the last word "shore" is an accented word with a shallow meaning, thus eliminating the harm of rhyme.
Similarly, the word "shore" here also has a rhyme. But the author uses "take care of me and return it" in the fourth sentence immediately after, making the poem a "living rhyme", which also eliminates the harm of "colliding rhyme". He left us an eternal song.
Sanyinping
If the three rhyme characters in a Qijue poem are all Yinping characters, it will also cause harm to the rhyme of the poem.
Example
Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds,
is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain.
Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
——Wang Zhihuan·Qijue·Liangzhou Ci
In this poem, 'jian', 'shan', and 'guan' form the three-yin flat rhyme, but we don't feel it. After being hurt by Sanyinping, I still feel that the whole poem is smooth and catchy.
The key is that the word "Wanrenshan" in the second sentence makes this poem a "living rhyme". One life, all life, smooth and perfect phonology, lasting for thousands of years.
In fact, this poem is also a classic masterpiece of "squeezing rhyme". You might as well take a closer look at how the author eliminates the harm of "squeezing rhyme".
Lien rhyme
Lien rhyme is two adjacent rhyming sentences using homophones as rhyming words. This is indeed harmful to the poetry itself. This is especially true in Qijue. Therefore, it is very difficult to find out how to decipher the "lianyun" example poems in Qijue.
We found a Qijue song that uses homophones to illustrate how to crack it.
Example
The desert is dusty and the sun is dim,
The red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.
The former army fought in Taohebei at night, and
reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive.
——Wang Changling·Qijue·Congjunxing
Although this poem is not a "lian rhyme", the words "hun" and "hun" still have the same sound. But the author used "the sun is dim" in the first sentence to create a "living rhyme". This avoids the harm caused to the poem by adding homophones into the rhyme.
We can also look at the seven rhymes of a "lien rhyme".
Example
The New Year's grass is far greener and luxuriant, and long-time visitors will lose their way back.
The dusk rain does not know where the mouth of the river is, and the spring breeze only reaches the west of Muling.
In the lonely city, the sky is full of flowers and flowers are falling, and no one in the three households is singing.
Do you remember me when I was in the south of the Yangtze River? There were five willows and a few low branches in front of the door.
——Liu Changqing·Qilu·Shi Cianlu Sends Friends
In the first two sentences of this poem, the two homophones "苋" and "芊" form the word " rhyme".
But the author uses the word "yuan" in the first sentence to make the sentence "yuan luxuriant" into a "living rhyme". This avoids the harm caused by rhymes.
From the previous analysis, it is not difficult to see that the fundamental solution to the quality of poetic rhyme is to understand what is "living rhyme" and what is "dead rhyme". If your works are all "dead rhyme" sentences, it will inevitably be damaged immediately.
It seems to me that the collision rhyme you are talking about has the same meaning as the overlapping rhyme I saw.
Duplicate rhyme - Any poem that reuses the preceding rhyme is called duplication rhyme. Such as:
The play is given to Lotte Fuyan Yuan Zhen
Pleasure is hard to come by every year, and you should not be left alone when you are old;
Have you ever watched a boat riding the waves? , I hope there will be more buildings in the market;
The eyesight of the general will be high, and the mood will be strong enough to throw Xiaolu;
Sunyuan Hu Temple can be seen at your own convenience, and you don’t have to admire Jinghu Lake from a distance.
Reward Lotte Yuan Zhen
The world of mortals disturbs the sun and the west, Yun Xin and I are alone;
We have been surrounded by thousands of riders for a while, Therefore, there is no one who wants to meet with me;
A hundred books have been judged by Rao Bai, but eight meters of poems have not been written down;
The most interesting thing is that Huang Shudu has recently chosen himself as an assassin to occupy Pihu.
Repay Yuan Zhen again
Go around Guo Sheng and sing the night scenery, and bring the moonlight back to Jishan Mountain; There is nothing I can do to draw;
I am a young man who works with Pei Chun, and I know that the king is in danger of fighting against his enemy Dulu;
Otherwise, there would be no Gusu County, and Pitang is compared to Jinghu Lake.
There are several taboos on rhyming in modern poetry that you should pay attention to:
1. Avoid out-rhymes - out-rhymes are commonly known as falling rhymes, such as rhyming "一东" In poems with rhyme, if the characters in "Sanjiang" rhyme or "Bageng" rhyme are mistakenly rhymed, it is called Chu rhyme.
2. Avoid using rhymes - the rhymes are not connected with the meaning of the whole sentence, but are forced to make do.
Three: Avoid double rhyme - double rhyme means the same rhyme but repeated rhyme. This is strictly prohibited in modern poetry, but not avoided in ancient poetry.
Four: Avoid inverting rhyme - if two words are connected to form one word, it can be used in reverse to accommodate the rhyme. For example: "sequential, fresh, come and go, generous, miserable, glow, cow and horse, earth and sky, exquisite, ginseng, Luo Qi, Qin Se, Qian Kun" etc., but it must not be hindered by righteousness. If it cannot be reversed, it is called reverse rhyme and must not be used.
Five: Avoid mute rhyme - Dumb rhyme means that the tone is not loud or the meaning is not obvious. For example, the words "忡,浇" in the rhyme of "东" are like this. ‘Pa’ means flower, but the word ‘Pa’ does not sound. ‘Fang’ means fragrant, but the word ‘Fang’ does not sound. And so on, and so on.
Six: Beware of unusual rhymes - eclectic rhymes are also called "dangerous rhymes" or "difficult rhymes", which are uncommon characters, such as "瀀瀀" in Eastern rhyme.
Seven: Avoid compound rhymes - any words with the same meaning, such as "flower, flower, flower" in Liuma rhyme, "fragrance, fragrance" in Qiyang rhyme, and "eleven" in Yun rhyme The words "worry" and "sorrow" all have the same meaning. Double rhymes in a poem are double rhymes, and should be avoided.
Eight: Avoid different rhymes - Different rhymes. If the same word has different pronunciation and different meanings, it will be mistaken for different rhymes. For example, the word "Chong" is interpreted as "Fudu" in Erdong rhyme, and "guizhong" in Er Song rhyme; the word "Jiang" is interpreted as "submit" in Sanjiang rhyme, but in Sanjiang rhyme it is interpreted as "Whereabouts" "Explanation"; the word "Xian" in the first rhyme is interpreted as the word "Xin".
Nine: Avoid rhyme violations - rhyme violations are also called rhymes, that is, words with the same rhyme are not used at the rhymes (in the same line of poetry).
Wu Ming also knew Qianqian. It seems that this theory comes from the "Eight Diseases of Poetry".
An ancient term for the rhythm of poetry. It was proposed by Liang Shenyue of the Southern Dynasty that eight shortcomings should be avoided in poetry, namely flat head, upper tail, wasp waist, crane knee, big rhyme, small rhyme, side button, and straight button.
According to "Wenjing Mifu Lun":
Flat head? Refers to the first and second characters of a five-character poem that must not have the same sound as the sixth and seventh characters (Tongping, up, go, enter).
The upper end? means that the fifth character cannot sound at the same time as the cross (the rhyme can be ignored).
Wasp's waist? It means that the second character of a five-character poem must not have the same sound as the fifth character. The words are thick at the ends and thin in the middle, like a wasp's waist.
Crane's knees? It means that the fifth character cannot sound the same as the fifteenth character. It means that the two ends are thin and the center is thick, like a crane's knees. (More recently, Cai Kuanfu said that among the five characters, the one with the first voiced sound and the middle one with a voiceless sound is called Bee Yao, and the one with both the first and last words with voiceless sounds and the middle one with a voiced sound is Crane's Knees.)
Dayun? Refers to five-character poetry. For example, if "Xin" is used as the rhyme, the characters "人, jin, neighbor, body, Chen" cannot be added to the upper nine characters (that is, it conflicts with the rhyme).
Xiaoyun? refers to those that have overlapping offenses in addition to rhyme (that is, the offense between the nine characters).
Pang Niu? A big Niu, that is, a five-character sentence with the word "moon" in it. Words such as "鱼, yuan, Ruan, Yuan" and other words that sound the same as the word "moon" are not allowed.
Zheng Niu? A Xiao Niu, that is, "Ren, Ren, Ren, Ru" are grouped together. There is already the word "Ren" in the five-character sentence, and "Ren, Ren, Ru" cannot be replaced. The word "" causes the disease of four tones.
Shen Yue’s statement was criticized by Zhong Rong and others at the time.
Song Yanyu's "Canglang Poetry Talk·Poetic Style" also said: "There is no need to stick to this when writing poetry, and there is no evidence for the bad methods.
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2017-08-19? Butterfly finishing