This book mainly discusses the following issues: ① The meaning of ancient Chinese ballads has always been extremely uncertain. First, there is no distinction between collective music and disciple songs, and second, there is no distinction between folk songs and personal poems. ② Ballads originate from personal creation. The spread and development of songs are affected by local customs, dialects, music, imitation and other similar things. But any classification of songs is difficult to achieve completeness. ③The recorders of ancient Chinese ballads did not realize the value of the ballads themselves. The method of essentially classifying the ballads into wefts was a feasible way to classify the ballads, and they had a somewhat casual attitude. In addition to the needs of music and art, contemporary oral ballads are also of great value to the discussion of the history of Chinese ballads. The songs are changed and their true colors cannot be preserved. Its true appearance cannot be preserved. The author believes that "The Book of Songs", "Collection of Yuefu Poems", "Folk Songs", "Old Ballads and Proverbs", "Cantonese Style", etc. are important materials for the study of ancient Chinese ballads. Contemporary oral ballads are also of high value for the discussion of the history of Chinese ballads. ④ Based on the dichotomy of folk songs and children's songs, it has a somewhat casual attitude. The method of substantive classification into latitudes is a feasible method for ballad classification, but it is difficult for any ballad classification method to be complete. ⑤ Personal creation, repartee and singing needs determine the overlapping performance of songs. Overlapping formats include meaningless overlapping, repeated chapters and sentences, harmony, palindrome, continuation, and duplication of words. The structure of ballads also includes expression methods such as advocating harmony, taking advantage of rhyme, inserting words, and formulaic sentences. ⑥ Ballads use sound as their main function. The rising sentences are based on the rhyme and footing, and the tone of the poem evokes the following text, making the listeners not aware of the suddenness. Getting up to speed is a way to solve the problem of "folk songs are easy to sing but difficult to sing". Ballads have vivid and rich rhetorical changes in meaning, pronunciation and glyphs. That is, the evaluation of ballads, the aspects of ballad research, and the history of ballad collection. ⑥ Ballads use sound as a function. Ballads should be natural works with music and rhyme that were born among the people, spread orally for many years, and express the common feelings of the people.