Wang Wei
A fisherman is drifting, enjoying the mountains in spring, and the peach trees on both sides lead him to an ancient source.
Looking at the brightly colored trees, he never considered the distance until he came to the end of the blue stream, and suddenly-strange people! .
This is a cave. The hole is so narrow that he can only climb in, but then it opens up on a wide and flat path.
Looking from a distance, the clouds are filled with trees, and thousands of houses are hidden between flowers and bamboo.
The woodcutter told him his name in Chinese. These people all wore clothes from the Qin Dynasty.
Juren lives in Wulingyuan, in farms and gardens, just like a world.
In the clear moonlight, they lived quietly under the pine trees until sunrise, when the gloomy sky was full of roosters and dogs barking.
... hearing the news of a stranger, people gathered together and everyone invited him home and asked him where he was born.
In the morning, alleys and paths cleared the petals for him, and at dusk, fishermen and farmers brought him their goods.
They left this world a long time ago. They came here to seek asylum and even asked the immortals why they didn't return it.
No one in the cave knows anything outside, and outsiders can only see empty mountains and thick clouds.
The fisherman didn't realize his great luck and began to consider the connection between the country, the family and the secular.
He found his way out of the cave again, passed through mountains and rivers, and planned to come back later. At that time, he had told his relatives.
He studied every step he took and kept it firmly in mind, forgetting that cliffs and peaks might have different appearances.
To be sure, you have to go through the depths of the mountains to enter. How many times did Qingxi reach Yunlin?
But now, there are spring floods and floating peaches everywhere. Which way should we go to find the hidden source? .
This is a seven-character Yuefu poem written by Wang Wei when he was nineteen years old. The theme is taken from Tao Yuanming's narrative prose Peach Blossom Garden. Wu Qiao, a Qing man, once said in the poem "Around the Furnace": "It means like five grains. Text, and then cook; Poetry is brewed into wine. " A good poem should be like wine, which can be intoxicating after reading. Therefore, turning the content of prose into poetry is not only a matter of changing the language form, but also an artistic re-creation. It is precisely because of this successful artistic re-creation that Wang Wei's "Peach Blossom Spring" has independent artistic value and can be circulated together with the prose "Peach Blossom Spring".
The artistic re-creation in Peach Blossom Garden is mainly manifested in the development of the artistic conception of poetry; The artistic conception of this kind of poems is mainly reflected by one image after another.
At the beginning of the poem, a vivid picture of "fishing boat chasing water" is displayed: distant mountains and near water, mangrove forests and Qingxi, a fishing boat, leisurely strolling in the peach blossom forest on the shore. The poet painted a beautiful spring scene with gorgeous colors, paving the way for fishermen to "sit and watch mangroves" and "walk in Qingxi". Here, the gorgeous scenery and rich interest merge into a beautiful poetic realm, and the beginning of the event also contains it. The essential explanation in the prose: "Jin, Tai and Yuan dynasties made a living by fishing, followed the current, and forgot the distance ..." In the poem, it became the raw material for brewing "wine", which was transformed into moral and voiceover for readers to imagine and experience. Between the pictures, the poet skillfully uses some general and transitional descriptions to draw connections, provide clues, guide the reader's imagination and move forward with the development of the plot. The words "mountain pass" and "mountain opening" have played such a role. Through a general description, let the reader imagine the process of fishermen abandoning their boats and diving into the winding mountain pass, suddenly enlightened and discovering Taoyuan. In this way, the reader's imagination will follow into Taoyuan and naturally be led to the next picture. At this time, the panoramic view of Taoyuan is presented to people: the towering trees in the distance seem to gather in the blue sky and white clouds, and the nearby eyes are full of colorful and leafy bamboos. These two sentences, from far to near, clouds, trees, flowers and bamboo, set each other off into interest and are beautiful. There is a peaceful and quiet atmosphere and thriving vitality in the picture, which allows you to imagine, comprehend, understand and think. The so-called charm of poetry and the mellow fragrance of wine are also included. Then, we can imagine the fisherman entering the screen step by step and starting to see the characters. "The woodcutter told him their names in ancient Chinese. These people all wore clothes from the Qin Dynasty." It is written that Taoyuan people surprised foreigners, which is obviously different from the clothing feelings of fishermen when they first met "living people", and implies the meaning of "I don't know if there are Han people, no matter Wei and Jin Dynasties" in prose.
The twelve sentences in the middle are the main part of the whole poem. "Living in Wulingyuan * * *" inherits another meaning, and then points out that this is "pastoral from outside". Then, the scenes and life pictures of Taoyuan are continuously displayed. Moonlight, pine shadow, the room was silent, and the night in Taoyuan was very quiet; The sun, clouds, chickens and dogs crow, and the morning in Taoyuan is noisy. Two pictures, each with its own flavor. The night scene is all still life, and the morning scene is all dynamic and poetic, which shows Wang Wei's unique artistic style. The fisherman, an unexpected guest, naturally surprised Taoyuan people. The sentence "shocked" is also an image, but it is not a scene but a character. A series of verbs such as "Jing", "Zheng", "Ji", "Jing" and "Wen" vividly depict people's dynamic outlook and emotional psychology, and show Taoyuan people's simple and enthusiastic character and care for their homes. The phrase "Pingming" further describes the beautiful environment and life of Taoyuan. "Sweeping flowers" and "entering water" are closely related to the characteristics of the scenery of Taohuayuan. The narrative of "They left this world long ago, they came here to seek refuge, and they lived like angels and stayed away happily" traces the origin of Taoyuan: "No one in the cave knows anything outside, and the world looks at the empty Yunshan", and the narrative is full of lasting carols, which makes the literary scene vivid and colorful.
The last level, the rhythm of poetry is accelerated. Grasping the psychological activities of the characters, the author describes the fisherman's leaving Taoyuan, missing Taoyuan, looking for Taoyuan again, turning around, looking around, feeling infinitely disappointed, and so on. Love, scenery and things are completely integrated here. In the narrative process, the six sentences of "no doubt" express the regret that the fisherman easily left the "spiritual realm" and are full of yearning for the "immortal source" in Yunshan Road. However, times have changed and the homeland is hard to find. Where is Taoyuan? At this time, there was only chaos. As the end of the whole poem, the last four sentences blend with the beginning. It's a pity that I accidentally got lost in the mystery at first, and then I intentionally got lost in the mystery! "But now, spring water is everywhere, peach blossoms are falling", erratic poems and blurred artistic conception have left endless aftertaste.
Try to compare this "Peach Blossom Spring" with Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring". It can be said that both of them are excellent and have their own characteristics. Prose is good at narration and pays attention to style of writing. The story begins and ends, and the time, place, people and events are clearly explained. These are not specifically written in the poem, but they can be imagined from the artistic conception of the poem. What the poem shows is a painting, which arouses the artistic conception of the poem, arouses the imagination of readers, imagines and thinks about things outside the painting, and obtains the feeling of beauty from it. This is why poetry is poetry.
In Wang Wei's poems, Taoyuan is called "spiritual realm" and "immortal source", which is criticized by many people today. In fact, the "spiritual realm" in the poem also includes clouds, trees, flowers, bamboo, chickens and dogs, houses, alleys and pastoral areas. People in Taoyuan also work at sunrise and rest at sunset, and the atmosphere of pastoral life on earth is everywhere. It reflects Wang Wei's ideal life in his youth, and the theme is basically the same as the prose Peach Blossom Garden.
This poem opens the realm of poetry through vivid pictures, which can be said to be the embodiment of the characteristics of "painting in poetry" in Wang Wei's early works In addition, the whole poem has 32 sentences, and four or six sentences have a rhyme change, which is even and even, and the transformation is good. The brushwork of poetry is comfortable, calm and elegant, which is quite praised by later generations. Wang Shizhen, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Wang Mo Mo (Wei), Han Tuizhi (Yu) and Fu (An Shi) are the best writers of peach blossom. Looking back at two poems, the meaning of brushwork is gratifying. How pleasant it is to read French poetry; If they try their best to strengthen themselves, they will be red-faced and hot, which is why this prosperous Tang Dynasty is out of reach. " (Ikebukuro) The word "how much freedom" is a high evaluation. Weng Fanggang also spoke highly of this poem: "People who sing Taoyuan in ancient and modern times, to the right, are the ultimate." ("Zhou Shi Shi Hua") can be described as a final decision.
Wang Wei (about 692 ~ 76 1), also known as Mo Mo, was born in Qixian County, Taiyuan (now Shanxi) and his parents moved to Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shanxi). Jinshi Ji, the official to Shangshu Youcheng, is called. Wang Wei's poems are beautiful, fresh, exquisite and elegant, and unique outside Du Li. Its name comes from a Buddhist in Vimalakīrti, and its heart is Buddhist. Although he was an official of the imperial court, he often lived in seclusion in Wangchuan, Lantian. Wang Wei is an outstanding painter. He is familiar with music and is good at integrating music theory, painting theory and Zen theory into poetry creation. Su Shi called it "painting in poetry" and "poetry in painting", and he was a famous representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.