This poem was written by Li Bai when he left Sichuan. Li Bai went out of Shu this time by boat and waterway, crossed Bayu, left the Three Gorges and sailed straight outside Jingmen Mountain, with the purpose of visiting the hometown of Chu in Hubei and Hunan. "Sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south" refers to this kind of intense tour. At this time, young poets were in high spirits, sitting on the boat and enjoying the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan. Along the way, the scenery in front of me gradually changed. After the ship passed Jingmen, it was already a plain wilderness, with a broad horizon and a unique scene.
The book "The Mountain is Flat and Primitive" vividly depicts the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the ship leaves the Three Gorges and passes through Jingmen Mountain: the mountains are gradually disappearing, and the endless low plains are in front of us. With the appearance of the word "Sui", the position of the mountain and the river is gradually changed and moved, which is truly shown. This sentence is like a moving picture taken with a set of focal planes, giving people a sense of movement and space, depicting the movement trend of static mountains. "And the river winds through the wilderness" describes the momentum of the fast-flowing river. Looking from Jingmen in the distance, it seems to flow into the distant desert Yuan Ye. It seems that the sky is high and the realm is lofty. The last sentence is written in the word "Ru", which shows the grandeur of the momentum, fully expresses the poet's lofty sentiments, is full of joy and high-spirited passion, penetrates the back of the paper and uses appropriate language. This scene contains the poet's cheerful mood and youthful vitality. These two sentences are not only written into the images of "Ye Ping" and "Wild" in Yuan Ye, but also magnificent; But it is also very vivid because of the dynamic description. Although the river flows, the mountains and rivers are solidified, and the sense of "beginning and ending" comes entirely from the actual experience of rowing. After walking for many days in the steep and treacherous Three Gorges area, I suddenly saw the magnificent scenery and felt suddenly enlightened. It uses highly condensed language. The geographical changes of the poet's whole trip are very general.
After describing the landscape, the poet described the close-up and prospect of the Yangtze River from different angles by changing the scenery: "The moon rises like a mirror and the sea clouds twinkle like a palace." The Yangtze River flows below Jingmen, and the river twists and turns, and the flow rate slows down. At night, when the river is calm, look down at the reflection of the moon in the water, like a mirror falling from the sky; During the day, looking up at the sky, the clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle. This is a wonderful view from Jingmen's vast plains and calm rivers. For example, in the Three Gorges of the mountains, because the pavilion is at midnight, there is no sunrise, the water is fragrant in summer, and the water on the river is rushing, it is difficult to see the underwater image of "the moon is like a mirror"; In the secret space of the Three Gorges, there is no wonder of "sea clouds flashing like palaces". This couplet takes the moon in the water as a round mirror, which sets off the calm of the river, and the clouds in the sky form a mirage, setting off the vast and high sky on the river bank, which has a strong artistic effect. The couplets of chin and neck vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first walked out of the canyon and saw the vast plain. The two sentences of the neck couplet reflect the calm of the river, showing the vastness of the river bank, the high sky and the romanticism.
While enjoying the scenery around Jingmen, Li Bai couldn't help but feel homesick when facing the surging river flowing through his hometown: "The water has brought you a feeling of home and rowed your boat for 300 miles." The poet crossed Jingmen to the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan where the river flows is his hometown of growth. How could he not miss it for the first time? But the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but that the water in his hometown reluctantly sent me on a long journey. With deep feelings, he rowed your boat for three hundred miles and wrote from the opposite side, which showed his special homesickness. At the end of the poem, there is a strong nostalgia and farewell feeling, and the words are incoherent and full of emotions. "Farewell" in the poem title should be farewell to hometown rather than friends, and there is no farewell to friends in the poem. In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian thought that "there is no farewell in the poem, and the words in the title can be deleted" (Tang Poetry) was not unreasonable.
This poem has a knot from beginning to end, which is seamless, lofty in artistic conception and rich in style. "The mountain is flat and primitive, and the river winds in the wilderness" is vividly written, just like the long-axis landscape map of the Yangtze River crossing Jingmen, and it has become a famous sentence. If the excellent landscape painting "Wan Li should talk about it", then the five laws of this magnificent image can also be said to be able to see the big from the small, treat one as ten, with rich capacity, covering tens of thousands of miles of landscape scenery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with highly concentrated artistic generalization.
Original works:
Farewell friends at Jingmen Ferry.
Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.
Full text translation:
I crossed the river by boat to Jingmen, far away, and visited the territory of Chu State during the Warring States Period.
The mountains gradually disappeared in the Ye Ping and unfolded slowly, and the river seemed to flow into the vast wilderness.
The image of the moon in the waves is a mirror falling from the sky, and the colorful clouds in the air form a beautiful mirage.
But I still love the surging river in my hometown, which has always accompanied my boat trip in Wan Li.
Comment on words and phrases:
Jingmen: Shanming is located on the south bank of the northwest Yangtze River in Yidu City, Yichang City, Hubei Province, facing Huya Mountain on the north bank. The terrain is dangerous and has been called the throat of Chu and Shu since ancient times.
Far: Far from it.
Chu State: The land of Chu State refers to the area around Hubei, which belonged to Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Ye Ping: Yuan Ye is both flat and vast.
Jiang: The Yangtze River. Wilderness: a vast field.
The moon is like a mirror: the bright moon is reflected on the river like a flying mirror. Get down! Get down!
Lou Hai: A mirage, which describes the beautiful scene of the sea of clouds on the river.
Still: still. Pity: pity. One is Lian. Hometown water: refers to the Yangtze River water flowing from Sichuan. Because the poet lived in Sichuan since he was a child, he called Sichuan his hometown.
Wan Li: It's a long trip.
About the author:
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, was named a violet layman. He is the most unique romantic poet after Qu Yuan. He has the reputation of "poetic immortal" and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are mainly lyrical, showing the arrogant spirit of contempt for powerful people, expressing sympathy for people's sufferings, being good at depicting natural scenery and expressing his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The poetic style is magnificent and bold, the imagination is rich, the language flows naturally, the melody is harmonious and changeable, and it is good at absorbing nutrients and materials from folk literature and myths and legends, which constitutes its unique magnificent and gorgeous color and reaches the peak of poetic art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are more than 1000 poems, including 30 volumes of Li Taibai's Collection.
Creative background:
This poem was a gift to Li Bai's hometown when he left Shu for Jingmen when he was young. There is no dispute in academic circles, but there are many versions of the specific year of writing, mainly including three versions: one was written in the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), the other in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725) and the third in the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726). According to Yu Xianhao's records, Li Bai traveled far away from home in the 12th year of Kaiyuan. Since he recited Liu Jia at the age of five, the poet has been living in Sichuan, studying in Daitian, visiting Emei Mountain and living in seclusion in Qingcheng Mountain. He has deep feelings for the mountains and rivers in Sichuan. This time, he left his hometown, made a clear stream, went to the Three Gorges, went to Yuzhou, crossed Jingmen, and went boating to the east, intending to "be poor in the south and involved in the sea in the east." This is the first time that the poet left his hometown and began to roam around the country, ready to realize his ideals and ambitions.
Express the theme:
Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry is a poem written by Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he was wandering abroad in his youth. This poem begins with the topic of distant travel, followed by experiences and impressions along the way, and finally thoughts. The whole poem has lofty artistic conception, rich style, magnificent image and magnificent imagination. It wins with its excellent landscape painting, and the scene is magnificent, which shows the author's young and distant personality and deep homesickness.
Famous comments:
Sheng Anshi: Taibai's poem "Crossing the Golden Gate" reads: "Take your home with water and lead your boat three hundred miles." ..... the meaning of homesickness.
"Poetry": "The mountains are as wide as Ye Ping, and the river winds through the wilderness", and Taibai Zhuang language is also; Du Fu's "The stars slant down from the clearing and the moon comes up from the river" is too strong.
Interpretation of Tang Poetry: This is from Shu to Chu, crossing Jingmen Fu, and winning in form.
"Mirror of Tang Poetry": Poetry is too close to the people, which has two diseases: shallow and close to the people, and the rate is also high; Approachable and vulgar. Such as the poem "Jingmen Farewell", it is inevitable to get this disease.
Zhou Jing said: Three or four are magnificent and in good shape.
Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty: Beautiful as ever. Knot two languages, just like outside. "Floating time is not poor", that's all. Those who are overwhelmed by research are just thinking.
"Complete Works of Li Taibai": Wang Qi's Note: Ding Longyou said: Hu said that "the mountains are flat and the rivers are winding in the wilderness", which is also Taibai Zhuang language; Zi Mei's poem "The stars are as wide as Ye Ping, and the moon runs along the river" is beyond his power. It is said that Li is a daytime scene and Du is a night scene. Li looked at the boat for a while, and Du stopped to observe carefully: it is impossible to have a comprehensive view.
Selected five or seven-character poems: including cosmic meteorology.
Zhou Shi Shi Hua: Taibaiyun "The mountain is flat and primitive, and the river surrounds the wilderness." Shao Lingyun said: "The stars are wide in Ye Ping, and the moon flows downstream." These sentences are suitable for hand-to-hand communication and have no intention of overlapping. You don't have to tell the other side to tilt, and you can't tell the good from the bad.
"Early Tang Dynasty Modern Style Text Reader": It's really not easy to write love on the third and fourth roads, and it will light up again. Five and six are also plains, with different languages. Look at this knot, Tai Baiyun is a Shu native, and his language is affectionate and inhuman.
Modern Poetry Tang Poetry: The refined sentences are bold and broad, comparable to Du Fu's (under the sentence of Mountain Sui).
Outline of Tang and Song Poetry: Charming and White Language.
On the realm of poetry: Taibai's genius is superb, and using a pen like a pen from God will be in a wonderful situation. ..... The first two sentences of this poem are about Fujian. The second couplet is about the vast scenery of Jingmen. Only by accepting that sentence can we see the original intention of farewell. See the dagger in the picture, and get down to business. In the past, this happened every time. The weather in Ermeng is magnificent, and the Chu-Shu mountain range began to fracture in Jingzhou; Great rivers come from Chung Shan Man, so far, thousands of miles of plains, the river flows down at the beginning, so the mountains are exhausted and wild, with Jingmen as the most tangent. Although four sentences can be seen in all walks of life, they are strong and powerful. Looking back, the mountains are getting farther and farther away, while looking forward, it is a mixture. Describe what you saw in the river in five or six sentences: describe the brightness of the moon with a "celestial mirror" and the strangeness of the clouds with a "sea tower". However, Jiangtian is high and spacious, and I can see it; If you look at the clouds and the moon in the courtyard, there is no such thing. At the end of the two sentences, I said goodbye, words were everywhere, the river was far away, and the hearts of those who saw me off followed.