2. Su Shi, a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case.
In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Extended information 1, Lu You's poems cover a wide range, involving almost all fields of social life in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and can be roughly divided into four aspects according to their contents:
(1) Persist in resisting gold and crusade against capitulationists. Lu You bluntly said, "Intimacy is never a long-term policy"? "It is the most hurtful thing to get married when you are born, but lose to Hu Qiang with a golden thread at the age of seven", and reveals that "governors still have the policy of getting married, and people with lofty ideals donate their youth in vain".
His Yuefu poem "Guan Shanyue" highly summarizes the contradiction between the upper rulers and the soldiers on the frontier and the people in the occupied areas in the main battle and theme, and exposes the serious consequences caused by the compromise peace policy of the ruling clique in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You's poems, with their distinctive combativeness and pertinence, inspired people's fighting spirit against gold and won the praise of people with lofty ideals.
(2) Express impassioned enthusiasm for serving the country and the grief and indignation of unpaid ambition. When Lu You was young, he took it as his duty to serve the country generously, and his first purpose in life was to destroy the invading enemy and recover the occupied land, but his ideal of resisting the enemy was frustrated repeatedly.
Therefore, a large number of his poems not only show high fighting spirit, but also pour deep grief and indignation. For example, in the poem "Book Wrath", the poet is bent on serving the country, and his ambition is hard to be rewarded. His high-spirited, majestic, full of desolation and sadness is not only the epitome of the poet's personal experience, but also the epitome of the national destiny, and is a typical representative of this kind of works.
③ Describe rural scenery and daily life. Lu You loves life and is good at discovering poetry from various life scenes. Whether it's mountains, rivers, plants, insects and fish, whether it's ordinary life in the countryside or leisure in the study, "every grass, tree, fish and bird are cut into poems." ?
The poem "Shanxi Village Tour" is vivid in scenery description and contains philosophy. Among them, "there is no road to doubt when mountains are heavy and waters are heavy, and there is another village in the dark" has become a widely circulated famous sentence. His Spring Rain in Lin 'an describes the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. Writing is a virtual scene, exquisite and beautiful, meaningful.
2. Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of ci, changed ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history.
The transformation of Su Shi's ci is based on his concept of ci and his creative idea of "being unique". Ci has been regarded as "Tao" since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Liu Yong devoted his life to the creation of ci, which promoted the development of ci style, but failed to improve the literary status of ci. Su Shi first broke the concept that poetry is superior to ci in theory.
He believes that poetry is homologous, and the word "is the seedling of poetry". Although there are external differences between poems and words, their artistic essence and expressive function should be the same. So he often compares poetry with poetry. Because he raised the word to the same position as the poem from the stylistic concept, it provided a theoretical basis for the word to move closer to the poetic style and realize the mutual exchange and infiltration between the word and the poem.
In order to make the aesthetic taste of ci really keep pace with poetry, Su Shi also put forward the creative proposition that ci should be "one family". The theory of "being a family" here is put forward according to the different "lasting appeal" of Liu Yong's ci, and its connotation includes: pursuing magnificent style and broad artistic conception, ci should conform to people's quality, and ci should express its true temperament and unique life feelings like writing poems.
Because only in this way can we "write like a man" in the creation of Ci (Answer to Zhang Wenqian's immortal book). Su Shi always pays equal attention to integrity in his articles, but he opposes conformity in literature, so he is not satisfied with Qin Guan's "learning Liu Qi's words" and lacks "integrity".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Luyou
Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi